Editing Streptococcus (section)

== Bacteriophage ==
[[Bacteriophage]]s have been described for many species of ''Streptococcus''. 18 [[prophage]]s have been described in ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|S. pneumoniae]]'' that range in size from 38 to 41 kb in size, encoding from 42 to 66 genes each.<ref>{{Citation |last1=McShan |first1=W. Michael |title=The Bacteriophages of Streptococcus pyogenes |date=2016 |work=Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations |editor-last=Ferretti |editor-first=Joseph J. |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK333409/ |access-date=2024-02-07 |place=Oklahoma City (OK) |publisher=University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center |pmid=26866212 |last2=Nguyen |first2=Scott V. |editor2-last=Stevens |editor2-first=Dennis L. |editor3-last=Fischetti |editor3-first=Vincent A.}}</ref> Some of the first ''Streptococcus'' phages discovered were Dp-1<ref>
McDonnell M, Ronda C, Tomasz A (1975) "Diplophage": a bacteriophage of Diplococcus pneumoniae. Virology 63:577–582</ref><ref>NCBI: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=59241 Streptococcus phage Dp-1] (species)</ref>
and ω1 (alias ω-1).<!--neither ICTV nor NCBI Tax Browser. 2020-06-17 --><ref>Tiraby JG, Tiraby E, Fox MS (Dec 1975) Pneumococcal bacteriophages. Virology 68:566–569. [[doi:10.1016/0042-6822(75)90300-1]]. {{PMID|844}}</ref><ref name="pmid15492930">{{cite journal | vauthors = López R | title = Streptococcus pneumoniae and its bacteriophages: one long argument | journal = International Microbiology | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 163–171 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15492930 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20170809143835/http://www.im.microbios.org/0703/0703163.pdf PDF via web archive] (9 Aug 2017)</ref><ref>Rubens López, Ernesto García: [https://academic.oup.com/femsre/article/28/5/553/776721 Recent trends on the molecular biology of pneumococcal capsules, lytic enzymes, and bacteriophage], Oxford Academic FEMS Microbiology Reviews. Volume 28, Issue 5. 1 Nov 2004, pp.&nbsp;554—580, [[doi:10.1016/j.femsre.2004.05.002]] (Free Fulltext)</ref>
In 1981 the Cp (Complutense phage 1, officially ''Streptococcus virus Cp1'', ''[[Picovirinae]]'') family was discovered with Cp-1 as its first member.<ref name="pmid6275103">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ronda C, López R, García E | title = Isolation and characterization of a new bacteriophage, Cp-1, infecting Streptococcus pneumoniae | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 40 | issue = 2 | pages = 551–559 | date = November 1981 | pmid = 6275103 | pmc = 256658 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.40.2.551-559.1981 }}</ref> Dp-1 and Cp-1 infect both ''S. pneumoniae'' and ''[[Streptococcus mitis|S. mitis]]''.<ref name="pmid25692983">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ouennane S, Leprohon P, Moineau S | title = Diverse virulent pneumophages infect Streptococcus mitis | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = e0118807 | year = 2015 | pmid = 25692983 | pmc = 4334900 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0118807 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2015PLoSO..1018807O }}</ref> However, the host ranges of most ''Streptococcus'' phages have not been investigated systematically.