Editing Stonewall Jackson (section)

===Second Bull Run to Fredericksburg===
[[File:Stonewall Jackson Bendann.jpg|thumb|Jackson and Little [[Sorrel (horse)|Sorrel]], painting by [[David Bendann]]]]
[[File:The Photographic History of The Civil War Volume 10 Page 107.jpg|thumb|Montage of Thomas J. Jackson and staff]]

The military reputations of Lee's corps commanders are often characterized as Stonewall Jackson representing the audacious, offensive component of Lee's army, whereas his counterpart, [[James Longstreet]], more typically advocated and executed defensive strategies and tactics. Jackson has been described as the army's hammer, Longstreet its anvil.<ref>Wert, p. 206.</ref> In the [[Northern Virginia Campaign]] of August 1862 this stereotype did not hold true. Longstreet commanded the Right Wing (later to become known as the First Corps) and Jackson commanded the Left Wing. Jackson started the campaign under Lee's orders with a sweeping flanking maneuver that placed his corps into the rear of Union Maj. Gen. [[John Pope (general)|John Pope]]'s [[Army of Virginia]]. The Hotchkiss journal shows that Jackson, most likely, originally conceived the movement. In the journal entries for March 4 and 6, 1863, General Stuart tells Hotchkiss that "Jackson was entitled to all the credit" for the movement and that Lee thought the proposed movement "very hazardous" and "reluctantly consented" to the movement.<ref>"Origin of the Movement Around Pope's Army of Virginia, August 1862 by Michael Collie. Retrieved September 27, 2017 [http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/civilwar/articles/movementaroundpope.aspx] and [[Archie P. McDonald]], ed., Make Me a Map of the Valley: the Civil War Journal of Jackson's Topographer, (Dallas 1973) pp. 117–18; and James I. Robertson, Jr., Stonewall Jackson: the Man, the Soldier, and the Legend, (New York 1997) p. 547, n130 p. 887</ref> At Manassas Junction, Jackson was able to capture all of the supplies of the Union Army depot. Then he had his troops destroy all of it, for it was the main depot for the Union Army. Jackson then retreated and then took up a defensive position and effectively invited Pope to assault him. On August 28–29, the start of the [[Second Battle of Bull Run]] (Second Manassas), Pope launched repeated assaults against Jackson as Longstreet and the remainder of the army marched north to reach the battlefield.

On August 30, Pope came to believe that Jackson was starting to retreat, and Longstreet took advantage of this by launching a massive assault on the Union army's left with over 25,000 men. Although the Union troops put up a furious defense, Pope's army was forced to retreat in a manner similar to the embarrassing Union defeat at First Bull Run, fought on roughly the same battleground.

When Lee decided to invade the North in the [[Maryland Campaign]], Jackson took [[Battle of Harpers Ferry|Harpers Ferry]], then hastened to join the rest of the army at [[Sharpsburg, Maryland]], where they fought McClellan in the [[Battle of Antietam]] (Sharpsburg). Antietam was primarily a defensive battle against superior odds, although McClellan failed to exploit his advantage. Jackson's men bore the brunt of the initial attacks on the northern end of the battlefield and, at the end of the day, successfully resisted a breakthrough on the southern end when Jackson's subordinate, Maj. Gen. [[A. P. Hill]], arrived at the last minute from Harpers Ferry. The Confederate forces held their position, but the battle was extremely bloody for both sides, and Lee withdrew the [[Army of Northern Virginia]] back across the [[Potomac River]], ending the invasion. On October 10, Jackson was promoted to [[Lieutenant General (CSA)|lieutenant general]], being ranked just behind Lee and Longstreet and his command was redesignated the Second Corps.

Before the armies camped for winter, Jackson's Second Corps held off a strong Union assault against the right flank of the Confederate line at the [[Battle of Fredericksburg]], in what became a Confederate victory. Just before the battle, Jackson was delighted to receive a letter about the birth of his daughter, Julia Laura Jackson, on November 23.<ref>Robertson, p. 645.</ref> Also before the battle, Maj. Gen. [[J. E. B. Stuart]], Lee's dashing and well-dressed cavalry commander, presented to Jackson a fine general's [[frock coat]] that he had ordered from one of the best tailors in Richmond. Jackson's previous coat was threadbare and colorless from exposure to the elements, its buttons removed by admiring ladies. Jackson asked his staff to thank Stuart, saying that although the coat was too handsome for him, he would cherish it as a souvenir. His staff insisted that he wear it to dinner, which caused scores of soldiers to rush to see him in uncharacteristic garb. Jackson was so embarrassed with the attention that he did not wear the new uniform for months.<ref>Robertson, p. 630.</ref>