Editing Stockholm (section)

=== Architecture ===
{{Main|Architecture in Stockholm}}
[[File:Stockholm Port.jpg|thumb|right|Strandvägen as seen from the island of [[Djurgården]]]]
[[File:Djurgardsbron 2008.jpg|thumb|right|[[Djurgårdsbron]] bridge from the large island which is still under [[Royal Right of Disposal (Sweden)|direct royal control]] since the 18th century]]
[[File:Stockholms-stadsbibliotek-2003-04-14.jpg|right|thumb|[[Stockholm Public Library]], designed by architect [[Gunnar Asplund]]]]

Stockholm's oldest section is Gamla Stan (Old Town), located on the original small islands of the city's earliest settlements and still featuring the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] street layout. Some notable buildings of Gamla Stan are the large [[German Church, Stockholm|German Church]] (''Tyska kyrkan'') and several mansions and palaces: the ''[[Swedish House of Nobility|Riddarhuset]]'' (the House of Nobility), the [[Bonde Palace]], the [[Tessin Palace]] and the [[Axel Oxenstierna palace|Oxenstierna Palace]].

The oldest building in Stockholm is [[Riddarholmen Church]] from the late 13th century. After a fire in 1697 when the original medieval castle was destroyed, [[Stockholm Palace]] was erected in a [[Baroque architecture|baroque]] style. [[Storkyrkan]] Cathedral, the episcopal seat of the Bishop of Stockholm, stands next to the castle. It was founded in the 13th century but is clad in a baroque exterior dating to the 1730-40s.

As early as the 15th century, the city had expanded outside of its original borders. Some pre-industrial, small-scale buildings from this era can still be found in [[Södermalm]]. Norrmalm, now the central part of the shopping district of Stockholm, was originally a separate city but was incorporated in Stockholm (now Old Town) during the early 17th century.

Stockholm has had a tradition of applying for building permits in order to erect a building from the early 18th century, with the oldest building permit from 1713. The building permit application tradition is still ongoing; as a consequence, it is possible to trace the continuous history of a newly built house three centuries into the past. Today the Stockholm City Building committee is in charge of the building permit process and their 1713–1978 archive is maintained by [[:sv:Stockholms stadsarkiv|Stockholm City Archives]]. All drawings of old buildings from 1713 to 1874 are digitised and available through the Stockholms City Archives' website.

At the age of industrialisation and at the end of the 19th century and Stockholm grew rapidly, with plans and architecture inspired by the large cities of the continent such as [[Berlin]] and [[Vienna]]. Notable works of this time period include public buildings such as the [[Royal Swedish Opera]] and private developments such as the luxury housing developments on [[Strandvägen]].

In the 20th century, a nationalistic push spurred a new architectural style inspired by medieval and renaissance ancestry as well as influences of the [[Art Nouveau|Jugend]]/Art Nouveau style. A key landmark of Stockholm, the Stockholm City Hall, was erected 1911–1923 by architect [[Ragnar Östberg]]. Other notable works of these times are the [[Stockholm Public Library]] by [[Gunnar Asplund]] and the [[World Heritage Site]] [[Skogskyrkogården]] by [[Gunnar Asplund|Asplund]] and celebrated architect [[Sigurd Lewerentz]].<ref name="Skogskyrkogården" />

In the 1930s modernism characterised the development of the city as it grew. New residential areas sprang up such as the development on [[Gärdet]] while industrial development added to the growth, such as the KF manufacturing industries on Kvarnholmen located in the Nacka Municipality. In the 1950s, suburban development entered a new phase, that had already started in the early 1930s, with the introduction of the [[Stockholm metro]]. The modernist developments of [[Vällingby]] and [[Farsta]] were internationally praised. In the 1960s this suburban development continued but with the aesthetic of the times, the industrialised and mass-produced blocks of flats received considerable criticism.

At the same time that this suburban development was taking place, the most central areas of the inner city were being redesigned, known as ''[[Redevelopment of Norrmalm|Norrmalmsregleringen]]''. [[Sergels Torg]], with its five high-rise office towers was created in the 1960s, followed by the total clearance of large areas to make room for new development projects. The most notable buildings from this period include the ensemble of the [[The House of Culture (Stockholm)|House of Culture]], [[Stockholm City Theatre|City Theatre]] and the [[Sveriges Riksbank|Riksbank]] at Sergels Torg, designed by architect [[Peter Celsing]]. Other celebrated works from the 1960s was [[:sv:S:t Görans gymnasium|S:t Görans Gymnasium]] (originally built as a school for women, the School of House work and Sewing) by [[Léonie Geisendorf|Léonie Geisendorf]].

The municipality appointed an official "board of beauty" called "[[Stockholm Beauty Council|Skönhetsrådet]]" in 1919 to protect and preserve the beauty of the city, still an active part of the city planning, and architecture debate in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2012 |title=Skönhetsrådet |url=http://www.stockholm.se/skonhetsradet |access-date=19 May 2012 |publisher=Stockholm.se |archive-date=12 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212140456/http://www.stockholm.se/skonhetsradet |url-status=live }}</ref>