Editing Spokane, Washington (section)

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
| 1880 = 350
| 1890 = 19922
| 1900 = 36848
| 1910 = 104402
| 1920 = 104437
| 1930 = 115514
| 1940 = 122001
| 1950 = 161721
| 1960 = 181608
| 1970 = 170516
| 1980 = 171300
| 1990 = 177165
| 2000 = 195629
| 2010 = 208916
| 2020 = 228989
| 2020n = <ref name="QF2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/spokanecitywashington/PST045221|title=QuickFacts: Spokane city, Washington|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 27, 2021}}</ref>
| estyear = 2023
| estimate = 229447
| estref = <ref name="Census-Estimate2023"/>
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<br><ref name="decennial-census">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census.gov: Decennial Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref><ref name="censusbulletin110">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=McDrAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22spokane%22&pg=PP2|title=Census Bulletin No. 110|year=1891}}</ref><ref name="cen2010popbydecade1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-1.pdf#page=508|title=Census.gov: Rank of Places of 100,000 or More by 2010 Population: 1790 to 2010 (1890-1960)}}</ref><ref name="cen2010popbydecade2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-1.pdf#page=507|title=Census.gov: Rank of Places of 100,000 or More by 2010 Population: 1790 to 2010 (1970-2010)}}</ref><ref name="censuspop2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/spokanecitywashington/POP010220|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts - Population, Census, April 1, 2020 - Spokane city, Washington}}</ref><br>2020 Census
}}

===2022 American Community Survey===
{{As of|2022|pre=the}} [[American Community Survey]] estimates, there were {{formatnum:230176}} people and {{formatnum:101130}} households.<ref name=DP05>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDP1Y2022.DP05?g=160XX00US5367000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Demographic and Housing Estimates for Spokane city, WA | access-date = June 22, 2024 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=DP02>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDP1Y2022.DP02?g=160XX00US5367000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Selected Social Characteristics in the United States for Spokane city, WA | access-date = June 22, 2024 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> The [[population density]] was {{convert|3347.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were {{formatnum:105002}} housing units at an average density of {{convert|1527.1|/sqmi|/km2|1}}.<ref name=Gaz2023>To calculate density we use the land area figure from the places file in {{cite web| url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html | title = The 2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files}}</ref><ref name=DP05/><ref name=B25001>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2022.B25001?g=160XX00US5367000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Housing Units for Spokane city, WA | access-date = June 22, 2024 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> The racial makeup of the city was 80.7%&nbsp;White, 2.9%&nbsp;some other race, 2.5%&nbsp;Black or African American, 2.0%&nbsp;Asian, 0.8%&nbsp;Native American or Alaskan Native, and 0.5%&nbsp;Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, with 10.5%&nbsp;from two or more races.<ref name=DP05/> [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanics or Latinos]] of any race were 8.1%&nbsp;of the population.<ref name=DP05/>

Of the {{formatnum:101130}} households, 24.5%&nbsp;had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.8%&nbsp;had seniors 65 years or older living with them, 35.9%&nbsp;were married couples living together, 7.9%&nbsp;were couples cohabitating, 24.8%&nbsp;had a male householder with no partner present, and 31.4%&nbsp;had a female householder with no partner present.<ref name=DP02/> The median household size was {{formatnum:2.21}} and the median family size was {{formatnum:2.96}}.<ref name=DP02/>

The age distribution was 18.8%&nbsp;under 18, 9.9%&nbsp;from 18 to 24, 30.8%&nbsp;from 25 to 44, 22.9%&nbsp;from 45 to 64, and 17.6%&nbsp;who were 65 or older. The median age was {{formatnum:38.6}} years.<ref name=S0101>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S0101?g=160XX00US5367000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Age and Sex for Spokane city, WA | access-date = June 22, 2024 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> For every 100 females, there were {{formatnum:101.4}} males.<ref name=DP05/>

The median income for a household was ${{formatnum:62287}}, with family households having a median income of ${{formatnum:90205}} and non-family households ${{formatnum:41670}}. The [[per capita income]] was ${{formatnum:38173}}.<ref name=S1902>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S1902?g=160XX00US5367000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Mean Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2022 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for Spokane city, WA | access-date = June 22, 2024 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=S1901>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S1901?g=160XX00US5367000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2022 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for Spokane city, WA | access-date = June 22, 2024 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> Males working [[full-time job]]s had median earnings of ${{formatnum:57382}} compared to ${{formatnum:51996}} for females.<ref name=S2001>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S2001?g=160XX00US5367000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2022 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for Spokane city, WA | access-date = June 22, 2024 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> Out of the {{formatnum:225660}} people with a determined poverty status, 11.8%&nbsp;were below the [[poverty line]]. Further, 14.7%&nbsp;of minors and 8.8%&nbsp;of seniors were below the poverty line.<ref name=S1701>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S1701?g=160XX00US5367000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months for Spokane city, WA | access-date = June 22, 2024 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

In the survey, residents self-identified with various ethnic ancestries. People of [[German American|German]] descent made up 19.5%&nbsp;of the population of the town, followed by [[English American|English]] at 13.1%, [[Irish American|Irish]] at 11.5%, [[American ancestry|American]] at 7.6%, [[Norwegian American|Norwegian]] at 5.5%, [[Italian American|Italian]] at 4.3%, [[Scottish American|Scottish]] at 2.7%, [[Swedish American|Swedish]] at 2.3%, [[French American|French]] at 2.2%, [[Polish American|Polish]] at 2.0%, [[Welsh American|Welsh]] at 1.5%, [[Ukrainian American|Ukrainian]] at 1.3%, [[Dutch American|Dutch]] at 1.2%, [[Scotch-Irish American|Scotch-Irish]] at 1.1%, [[Arab American|Arab]] at 1.0%, [[Russian American|Russian]] at 1.0%, [[Danish American|Danish]] at 0.7%, [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]n at 0.6%, [[Czech American|Czech]] at 0.6%, and [[Swiss American|Swiss]] at 0.6%.<ref name=DP02/>

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Spokane, Washington – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Spokane city, Washington |url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US5367000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=February 25, 2024}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Spokane city, Washington|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2010.P2?q=p2&g=160XX00US5367000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=February 25, 2024}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Spokane city, Washington |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P2?q=p2&g=160XX00US5367000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=February 25, 2024}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|171,918
|175,482
|style='background: #ffffe6; |176,397
|87.88%
|84.00%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |77.03%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|3,898
|4,643
|style='background: #ffffe6; |5,921
|1.99%
|2.22%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2.59%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|3,208
|3,663
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3,726
|1.64%
|1.75%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.63%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|4,343
|5,266
|style='background: #ffffe6; |6,407
|2.22%
|2.52%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2.80%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|348
|1,152
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2,665
|0.18%
|0.55%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.16%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|285
|281
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,211
|0.15%
|0.13%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.53%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race or Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|5,772
|7,962
|style='background: #ffffe6; |16,604
|2.95%
|3.81%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |7.25%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|5,857
|10,467
|style='background: #ffffe6; |16,058
|2.99%
|5.01%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |7.01%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''195,629'''
|'''208,916'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''228,989'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 228,989 people, 101,130 households in the city.<ref name="QF2020" />

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], there were 208,916 people, 87,271 households, and 49,204 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|3526.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 94,291 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1591.4|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial make-up of the city was 86.7% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.6% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 2.3% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 2.0% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.6% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], and 1.3% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]]. 5.0% of residents were of [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] heritage, of any race.

There were 87,271 households, of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.6% were non-families. In 2010, 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.97.<ref name="wwwcensusgov" />

The median age in the city was 35 years. In Spokane, 22.4% of residents were under the age of 18, 12.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24, 27.6% were from 25 to 44, 25.1% were from 45 to 64, and 12.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender make-up of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.<ref name="wwwcensusgov" />

[[File:Cathedral of St. John in Spokane.jpg|thumb|left|alt=The Episcopal Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist dominates the South Hill skyline| [[Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist (Spokane, Washington)|Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist]]]]

=== Religion ===
According to the [[Association of Religion Data Archives]]' 2010 Metro Area Membership Report, the denominational affiliations of the Spokane MSA are 64,277 [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical Protestant]], 682 [[Black church|Black Protestant]], 24,826 [[Mainline Protestant]], 754 [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]], 66,202 [[Catholicism|Catholic]], 31,674 Other, and 339,338 Unclaimed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA |work=Metro-Area Membership Report |publisher=The [[Association of Religion Data Archives]], Pennsylvania State University |year=2010 |url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/m/44060/rcms2010_44060_metro_name_2010.asp |access-date=January 2, 2014 |archive-date=June 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630013129/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/m/44060/rcms2010_44060_metro_name_2010.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of 2016, there are also at least three Jewish congregations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Temple Beth Shalom |publisher=Temple Beth Shalom |url=http://spokanetbs.org/| access-date = December 21, 2016}}("almost 200 member families")</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Congregation Emanu-El |publisher=Congregation Emanu-El |url=http://www.spokaneemanu-el.org/| access-date = December 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Chabad of Spokane County |publisher=Chabad of Spokane County |url=http://jewishspokane.com| access-date = December 21, 2016}}</ref>

The Emanu-El congregation erected the first synagogue in Spokane and the state of Washington on September 14, 1892.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kershner |first=Jim |title=Jewish Community of Spokane |work=Essay 8640 |publisher=HistoryLink |date=July 4, 2008 |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=8640| access-date = December 2, 2014}}</ref> The city's first mosque opened in 2009 as the Spokane Islamic Center.<ref>{{cite news |last=Stamp |first=Mary |title=Muslim mosque invites dialogue |newspaper=The Spokesman-Review |date=February 14, 2009 |url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2009/feb/14/muslim-mosque-invites-dialogue| access-date = December 2, 2014}}</ref> Spokane, like Washington and the Pacific Northwest region as a whole, is part of the [[Unchurched Belt]], a region characterized by low church membership rates and religious participation.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://rra.hartsem.edu/finkescheitlearticle.htm |title=Accounting for the Uncounted: Computing Correctives for the 2000 RCMS Data |first1=Roger |last1=Finke |first2=Christopher |last2=Scheitle |journal=Review of Religious Research |volume=47 |number=1 |year=2005 |page=5 |doi=10.2307/4148278 |jstor=4148278 |access-date=December 7, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204185852/http://rra.hartsem.edu/finkescheitlearticle.htm |archive-date=February 4, 2012|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The city serves as the [[Cathedra|seat]] of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane]], which was established in 1913,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dioceseofspokane.org/about_us.php |title=A Short History of the Diocese |publisher=Diocese of Spokane|access-date=November 19, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121103518/http://www.dioceseofspokane.org/about_us.php|archive-date=November 21, 2014}}</ref> and the [[Episcopal Diocese of Spokane]], established in 1929.<ref name="episcopal">{{cite web |url=http://library.episcopalchurch.org/glossary/spokane-diocese |title=Spokane, Diocese of |publisher=Episcopal Church|access-date=March 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305040650/http://library.episcopalchurch.org/glossary/spokane-diocese|archive-date=March 5, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Spokane Washington Temple]], established in 1999, serves [[Latter-day Saints]] from the east of the county.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://churchofjesuschristtemples.org/spokane-washington-temple/ |title=Spokane Washington Temple |publisher=LDSChurchTemples.com|access-date=November 19, 2014}}</ref>

Spokane has hosted an annual multicultural celebration, Unity in the Community, since 1995.<ref>{{cite news |last=Scott |first=Chey |title=A Day for Diversity |publisher=INLANDER |date=August 14, 2012 |url=http://www.inlander.com/spokane/a-day-for-diversity/Content?oid=2138982 |access-date = October 7, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Unity in the Community reflects commitment to diversity in the Inland Northwest |publisher=The Fig Tree |url=http://www.thefigtree.org/sept12/090512unitycommunity.html#| access-date = October 5, 2014}}</ref> The city has become more diverse in recent decades. People from countries in the former [[Soviet Union]] (especially Russians and Ukrainians) form a comparatively large demographic in Spokane and Spokane County, the result of a large influx of immigrants and their families after the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.<ref name="TheTimes">{{cite news |last=Ashton |first=Linda |title=Spokane Is New Refugee Magnet For Ex-Soviets – Washington State Among The Country's Most Popular Destinations For Newcomers |newspaper=The Seattle Times |date=January 30, 1994 |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19940130/1892502/spokane-is-new-refugee-magnet-for-ex-soviets----washington-state-among-the-countrys-most-popular-destinations-for-newcomers|access-date = May 30, 2014}}</ref><ref name="KyivPost">{{cite news |title=City in eastern Washington state has become home to many Russians and Ukrainians |newspaper=Kyiv Post |date=May 23, 2002 |url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/city-in-eastern-washington-state-has-become-home-t-11151.html| access-date = October 4, 2014}}</ref> According to the 2000 Census, the number of people of Russian or Ukrainian ancestry in Spokane County was reported to be 7,700 (4,900 residing in the city of Spokane), amounting to two percent of the county.<ref name="KyivPost" /> Among the fastest-growing demographics in Spokane is the [[Pacific Islander]] ethnic group, which is estimated to be the third-largest minority group in the county, after the Russian and Ukrainian community and Latinos.<ref name="TheSpokesman">{{cite news |last=Sowa |first=Tom |title=Marshallese making a new life in Spokane |newspaper=The Spokesman-Review |date=March 4, 2012 |url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2012/mar/04/marshallese-making-a-new-life-in-spokane| access-date = October 4, 2014}}</ref> Spokane was once home to a sizable Asian community, mostly Japanese, centered in a district called [[Chinatown, Spokane|Chinatown]] from the early days of the city until 1974.<ref name="Chinatown">{{cite web |last=Kershner |first=Jim |title=Spokane Neighborhoods: Old Chinatown – Trent Alley – Thumbnail History |work=Essay 8120 |publisher=HistoryLink |date=March 30, 2007 |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&File_Id=8120| access-date = October 4, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kershner |first=Jim |title=Spokane's Japanese Community |work=Essay 8048 |publisher=HistoryLink |date=January 8, 2007 |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=8048| access-date = September 13, 2014}}</ref> As in many western [[railway town]]s, the Asian community started off as an encampment for migrant laborers working on the railroads. The Chinatown Asian community thrived until the 1940s and experienced a population boom during WWII as Japanese families fled the exclusion zones along the coast, after which its population decreased and became integrated and dispersed, losing its Asian character; urban blight and the preparations leading up to Expo '74 led to Chinatown's eventual demolition.<ref name="Chinatown" />

[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Spokane (5560431618).png|thumb|Demographic map of the Spokane metro area. Each dot is 25 people. {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

===Metropolitan area===
{{Main|Spokane metropolitan area}}

The Spokane metropolitan area consists of Spokane County. As of the 2022 census estimates, the Spokane metropolitan area had a population of 597,919. Directly east of Spokane County is the Coeur d'Alene Metropolitan Statistical Area, which consists of [[Kootenai County, Idaho]], anchored by the city of [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]]. The urban areas of the two MSAs largely follow the path of Interstate 90 between Spokane and Coeur d'Alene. The Spokane area has suffered from suburbanization and [[urban sprawl]] in past decades, despite Washington's use of [[urban growth boundary|urban growth boundaries]]; the city ranks low among major Northwest cities in population density and [[smart growth]] according to the Sightline Institute, however [[Smart Growth America]] in a 2014 study ranked the census defined MSA as the 22nd most compact and connected in the nation using their Sprawl Index factors: development density, land use mix, activity centering, and street accessibility.<ref>{{cite web |title=Seven Northwest Cities: The Smart-Growth Ranking |url=http://www.sightline.org/maps/charts/Sprawl-ByCity-CS07 |publisher=Sightline Institute|access-date=December 7, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/app/legacy/documents/measuring-sprawl-2014.pdf |publisher=Smart Growth America |date=Apr 2014 |title=Measuring Sprawl 2014 |access-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-date=August 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812220830/https://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/app/legacy/documents/measuring-sprawl-2014.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Spokane and Coeur d'Alene [[Metropolitan Statistical Area]]s (MSA) are now included in a single [[Combined Statistical Area]] (CSA) by the [[Office of Management and Budget]].<ref name="CSA">{{cite news |last=Stucke |first=John |title=Spokane, Coeur d'Alene now one statistical region |newspaper=The Spokesman-Review |date=June 8, 2011 |url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2011/jun/08/spokane-coeur-dalene-now-one-statistical-region| access-date = December 7, 2014}}</ref> The [[Spokane-Spokane Valley-Coeur d'Alene, WA-ID CSA|Spokane–Coeur d'Alene CSA]] had around 781,497 residents in 2022.