Editing Soho (section)

==Streets==
[[Berwick Street]] was built between 1687 and 1703, and is probably named after [[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick]], the illegitimate son of [[James II of England]]. It has held a [[Berwick Street Market|street market]] since the early 18th century, which has been formally organised since 1892.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=63}}

[[Carnaby Street]] was laid out in the late 17th century. It was named after Karnaby House, built on the street's eastern side in 1683. It was a popular residence for Huguenots at first, before becoming populated by shops in the 19th century. In 1957, a fashion boutique was opened, and Carnaby Street became the fashion centre of 1960s [[Swinging London]], although it quickly became known for poor quality "[[kitsch]]" products.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=133}}

[[File:Kingandmcgaw-popup-shop-london-may2015.jpg|right|thumb|A [[pop-up shop]] on D'Arblay Street, London]]
[[D'Arblay Street]] was laid out between 1735 and 1744. It was originally known as Portland Street after [[William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland]], and given its current named in 1909 in commemoration of [[Frances Burney]], Madame D'Arblay, who had lived in Poland Street nearby, when she was young. The George public house at No.&nbsp;1 was opened in 1889, but there has been a tavern on this site since 1739. Several of the original houses have survived into the 21st century.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=231}}

[[Dean Street]] was built in the 1680s and was originally settled by French immigrants. It is home to the [[Soho Theatre]] and a pub known as [[The French House, Soho|The French House]], which during the Second World War was popular with the French government-in-exile. [[Karl Marx]] lived at No.&nbsp;64 Dean Street around 1850. [[The Colony Room|The Colony Club]] was founded by [[Muriel Belcher]] and based at No.&nbsp;41 Dean Street from 1948 to 2008. It was frequented by several important artists including [[Francis Bacon (artist)|Francis Bacon]], [[Lucian Freud]] and [[Frank Auerbach]].{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|pp=233,308}}

[[Frith Street]] was named after Richard Frith, a local builder. On [[John Rocque's Map of London, Westminster, and Southwark, 1746|Rocque's Map of London]] it is marked as Thrift Street. It was a popular aristocratic residence, although without as many foreign residents as some other streets. A plaque above the stage door of the Prince Edward Theatre identifies the site where [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] lived as a child between 1764 and 1765. [[John Logie Baird]] first demonstrated television in his laboratory at No&nbsp;22 in 1926; the site is now the location of [[Bar Italia]]. [[Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club]] is located at No&nbsp;46 Frith Street, having moved there from Gerrard Street in 1965.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=310}}

[[Greek Street]] was first laid out around 1680 and was named after a nearby Greek church. It initially housed several upper-class tenants including [[Arthur Annesley, 5th Earl of Anglesey]], and [[Peter Plunket, 4th Earl of Fingall]]. [[Thomas De Quincey]] lived in the street after running away from [[Manchester Grammar School]] in 1802. [[Josiah Wedgwood]] ran his main pottery warehouse and showrooms at Nos.&nbsp;12–13 between 1774 and 1797. The street now mostly contains restaurants, and several historical buildings from the early 18th century are still standing.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=350}}

[[Gerrard Street (London)|Gerrard Street]] was built between 1677 and 1685 on land, called the Military Ground, which was owned by [[Charles Gerard, 1st Earl of Macclesfield]]. The initial development contained a large house belonging to the [[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire|Earl of Devonshire]], which was subsequently occupied by [[Charles Montagu, 1st Duke of Manchester|Charles Montagu, 4th Earl of Manchester]], [[Thomas Wharton, 1st Marquess of Wharton|Thomas Wharton, Baron Wharton]], and [[Richard Lumley, 1st Earl of Scarbrough]]. Several foreign restaurants had become established on Gerrard Street by the end of the 19th century, including the Hotel des Etrangers and the Mont Blanc.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=323}} [[Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club]] opened at 39 Gerrard Street in 1959 and remained there until its move to No&nbsp;47 Frith Street in 1965. Scott kept 39 Gerrard Street open for up-and-coming British jazz musicians (referred to as 'the Old Place') until the lease ran out in 1967.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=701}} The [[43 Club]] was based on Gerrard Street. It was one of the most notorious clubs in Soho, run as a cover for [[organised crime]] and illegal after-hours selling of alcohol; following a police investigation, the owner [[Kate Meyrick]] was jailed in 1928.{{sfn|Kirby|2013|p=49}} During the 1950s, the cheap rents on Gerrard Street attracted Chinese Londoners, many who moved from [[Poplar, London|Poplar]]. By 1970, the street had become the centre of [[Chinatown, London|London's Chinatown]], and it became pedestrianised and decorated with a Chinese gateway and lanterns. It continues to host numerous Chinese restaurants and shops into the 21st century.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=324}}

[[File:Golden square 1.jpg|thumb|left|Golden Square]]

[[Golden Square]] is a garden square to the southwest of Soho. Built over land formerly used for grazing, its name is a corruption of [[gelding]]. Building began in 1675 and it was complete by the early 18th century. It was originally home to several upper-class residents, including [[Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland|Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland]], [[James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos|James Brydges]] (later to become [[Duke of Chandos|1st Duke of Chandos]]), and [[Henry St John, 1st Viscount St John]]. By the mid-18th century the aristocracy had moved west towards [[Mayfair]], and a number of foreign embassies were established around the square. In the 19th century, it became a popular residence for local musicians and instrument makers, while by the 20th it had become an established centre of woollen merchants.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=328}} A statue of [[George II of Great Britain|King George II]] sits in the centre of the square, designed by [[John Van Nost]] and constructed in 1753.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|pp=870–871}}

[[Great Marlborough Street]] was first laid out in the early 18th century, and named after the military commander [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough]]. The street was initially fashionable and was home to numerous peers.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=342}} The [[London College of Music]] was based at No.&nbsp;47 from 1896 to 1990,{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=342}} while the department store [[Liberty (department store)|Liberty]] is on the corner with Regent Street.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=343}} The street was the location of [[Philip Morris (tobacconist)|Philip Morris]]'s original London factory and gave its name to the [[Marlboro (cigarette)|Marlboro]] brand of cigarettes.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kluger |first=Richard |date=1997 |title=Ashes to Ashes: America's Hundred-Year Cigarette War, the Public Health, and the Unabashed Triumph of Philip Morris |publisher=Vintage Books |page=50 |isbn=0-375-70036-6}}</ref> [[Marlborough Street Magistrates Court]] was based at No.&nbsp;20–21 and had become one of the country's most important magistrates courts by the late 19th century.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=342}} The [[John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry|Marquess of Queensberry]]'s [[libel]] trial against [[Oscar Wilde]] took place here in 1895. The [[Rolling Stones]]' [[Mick Jagger]] and [[Keith Richards]] were tried for drugs possession at the court in 1967, with fellow band member [[Brian Jones]] being similarly charged a year later.{{sfn|Moore|2003|pp=145–6}}

[[Great Windmill Street]]{{efn|[[Great Windmill Street]] (not indicated on [[Media:Soho - map 1.png|this map]], but located below Lexington Street)}} was named after a 17th-century windmill on this location. The Scottish anatomist [[William Hunter (anatomist)|William Hunter]] opened his anatomical theatre at No.&nbsp;16 in 1766, running it until his death in 1783. It continued to be used for anatomical lectures until 1831. The principles of [[The Communist Manifesto]] were laid out by Karl Marx in 1850 at a meeting in the Red Lion pub.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|pp=348–349}}

[[File:Old Compton Street. Fortepan 85093.jpg|thumb|Old Compton Street in 1960]]
[[Old Compton Street]] is named after the Bishop of London [[Henry Compton (bishop)|Henry Compton]], and was first laid out in the 1670s, fully developed by 1683. During the late 18th and 19th centuries, it became a popular meeting place for French exiles. The street was the birthplace of Europe's rock club circuit ([[2i's]] club){{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=599}} and contained the first adult cinema in England (The Compton Cinema Club). [[Dougie Millings]], who was the famous tailor for [[The Beatles]], had his first shop at 63 Old Compton Street, which opened in 1962.{{sfn|Gorman|2001|p=37}} Old Compton Street is now the core of London's main [[gay village]], where there are several businesses catering for the gay community.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=599}}

[[Poland Street]] was named for the King of Poland pub which stood at one end. It was destroyed by a bomb in 1940. [[Henry Howard, 6th Earl of Suffolk]] lived at No.&nbsp;15 in 1717, while [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]] briefly lodged in the street in 1811.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=647}} [[William Blake]] lived at No.&nbsp;28 from 1785 to 1791, and wrote several works there, including ''[[Songs of Innocence]]'' and ''[[The Book of Thel]]''.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=648}} The street was the site of the [[St James Workhouse]] whose infirmary is believed to be the predecessor to the [[St. James Infirmary Blues|St. James Infirmary]].<ref name="higginbotham">{{cite web|author=Peter Higginbotham |url=http://www.workhouses.org.uk/StJames/ |title=The Workhouse in Westminster (St James), London: Middlesex |publisher=Workhouses.org.uk |access-date=8 September 2013}}</ref> The first [[multistorey car park|multi-storey car park]] in London opened on Poland Street in 1934.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=648}}

[[Wardour Street]] dates back to 1585, when it was known as Commonhedge Lane and connected Oxford Street to the King's Mews (now part of [[Trafalgar Square]]). It began to be built up in the 1680s and was named after local landowner Edward Wardour. Most of the original houses were rebuilt in the 18th century, and the street became known for antiques and furniture dealers. Several music publishers were established along Wardour Street in the early 20th century, including [[Novello and Co]] at Nos.&nbsp;152–160.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=984}} The most famous location of the [[Marquee Club]] was at No.&nbsp;90 Wardour Street between 1964 and 1988.{{sfn|Haslam|2015|p=119}} Another seventies rock hangout was [[The Intrepid Fox]] pub (at 97/99 Wardour Street), originally dedicated to [[Charles James Fox]] (who is featured on a relief on the outside of the building). It subsequently became a haven for the [[Goth subculture]] before closing in 2006.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/5328200.stm |title=Goth pub closes after 222 years |work=BBC News |date=11 September 2006 |access-date=10 November 2017}}</ref>