Editing Soft power (section)

=== South Korea ===
{{main|Korean Wave}}

[[File:Obama mentions Korean Wave and Gangnam Style.ogv|thumb|[[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Barack Obama]]: "...And of course, around the world, people are being swept up by Korean culture -- the [[Korean Wave]]"<ref>{{cite web |title=Remarks by President Obama and President Park of South Korea in a Joint Press Conference |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/07/remarks-president-obama-and-president-park-south-korea-joint-press-confe |access-date=May 7, 2013 |via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |date=7 May 2013 |quote=And of course, around the world, people are being swept up by Korean culture – the Korean Wave. And as I mentioned to President Park, my daughters have taught me a pretty good Gangnam Style. |archive-date=23 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123103019/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/07/remarks-president-obama-and-president-park-south-korea-joint-press-confe |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
{{quote box |align=right|qalign=right |quote=<div style="text-align:left;">As is clear with the recent rise of Psy's "[[Gangnam Style]]",<br /> the [[Hallyu]]-wave and [[Korean pop]] music, Korean culture<br /> is making its mark on the world.<br />—United Nations Secretary General [[Ban Ki-moon]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Addressing National Assembly of Republic of Korea, Secretary-General Expresses |url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sgsm14610.doc.htm |publisher=[[United Nations]] |access-date=16 May 2013}}</ref></div> }}

"'''Hallyu'''", also known as the "'''Korean Wave'''", is a [[neologism]] referring to the spread of South Korean culture since the late 1990s. According to a ''[[The Washington Post|Washington Post]]'' reporter, the spread of South Korean entertainment has led to higher sales of other goods and services such as food, clothing, and [[Korean language]] classes.<ref name="washingtonpost.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/30/AR2006083002985.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |title=Japanese Women Catch the 'Korean Wave' |first=Anthony |last=Faiola |date=August 31, 2006 |access-date=May 7, 2010 |archive-date=January 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121123312/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/30/AR2006083002985.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Besides increasing the amount of exports, the ''Korean Wave'' is used by the government as a soft power tool to engage with the masses of young people all over the world.<ref>{{cite news |title=K-pop: Soft Power for the Global Cool |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/linda-constant/kpop-soft-power-for-the-g_b_1088238.html |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |access-date=17 February 2013 |first=Linda |last=Constant |date=14 November 2011 |archive-date=2 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302030945/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/linda-constant/kpop-soft-power-for-the-g_b_1088238.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="antikoreansentiment">{{cite news |title=Korea to turn hallyu into industry |url=http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20120417001073|work=[[The Korea Herald]] |access-date=17 February 2013 |quote=To prevent anti-Korean sentiment, the government will offer incentives for production companies or broadcasters planning to jointly produce movies or dramas with Chinese companies. |archive-date=3 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703132054/http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20120417001073 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=In the 21st century, culture is power.|sign=Former South Korean president [[Park Geun-hye]].<ref name="yonhapkoreanwave">{{cite web |title=Full text of Park's inauguration speech |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2013/02/25/95/0301000000AEN20130225001500315F.HTML |publisher=[[Yonhap]] |access-date=24 March 2013 |archive-date=31 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331083109/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2013/02/25/95/0301000000AEN20130225001500315F.HTML |url-status=live}}</ref>}}

In 2012, the [[BBC]]'s country rating poll revealed that public opinion of [[South Korea]] has been improving every year since the first rating poll for the country was conducted in 2009. In several countries such as [[Taiwan]], [[India]], [[France]] and [[Japan]], public opinion about South Korea is generally positive. The report cited culture and tradition as among the most important factors contributing to positive perceptions of South Korea.<ref>{{cite web |title=2012 BBC Country Ratings |url=http://www.globescan.com/images/images/pressreleases/bbc2012_country_ratings/2012_bbc_country%20rating%20final%20080512.pdf |publisher=Globescan/[[BBC World Service]] |access-date=29 December 2012 |archive-date=13 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513141936/https://globescan.com/images/images/pressreleases/bbc2012_country_ratings/2012_bbc_country%20rating%20final%20080512.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> This comes alongside a rapid growth in the total value of cultural exports which rose to US$4.2 billion in 2011.<ref>{{cite news |last=Oliver |first=Christian |title=South Korea's K-pop takes off in the west |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/ddf11662-53c7-11e1-9eac-00144feabdc0.html |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |access-date=30 July 2013 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112141820/https://www.ft.com/content/ddf11662-53c7-11e1-9eac-00144feabdc0 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-04-27 |title=Korean wave spreads overseas |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13204533 |access-date=2021-10-05 |archive-date=2021-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005201602/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13204533 |url-status=live}}</ref> And as of 2021, South Korea's cultural content industry has exports of $12.45 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cultural Content |url=https://www.investkorea.org/ik-en/cntnts/i-326/web.do |website=Invest Korea}}</ref>

First driven by the spread of [[Korean drama]]s televised across [[East Asia|East]], [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]] during its initial stages, the ''Korean Wave'' evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon due to the proliferation of Korean pop ([[K-pop]]) music videos on [[YouTube]].<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite magazine |last=Yoon |first=Lina |date=26 August 2010 |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2013227,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829073951/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2013227,00.html |archive-date=29 August 2010 |title=K-Pop Online: Korean Stars Go Global with Social Media |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]] |access-date=20 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-06-19 |title=K-wave: How fans are supporting their favorite idols |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-57489720 |first1=Sophie |last1=Williams |access-date=2021-10-05 |archive-date=2021-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005201729/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-57489720 |url-status=live}}</ref> Developed far beyond YouTube, the most successful K-pop band, [[BTS]], is valued to be worth US$5 billion, generating impressive revenue for South Korea.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Doobo |first1=Shim |date=2018 |title=2) Efficacy of Korean Wave: beyond industry, beyond superpower |journal=Hallyu White Paper, 2018 |publisher=KOFICE |via=TradeNAVI |url=http://tradenavi.or.kr/CmsWeb/resource/attach/report/[520][KOFICE]%20Hallyu%20White%20Paper%202018(1).pdf#page=58 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625090714/http://tradenavi.or.kr/CmsWeb/resource/attach/report/[520][KOFICE]%20Hallyu%20White%20Paper%202018(1).pdf#page=58 |archive-date= Jun 25, 2023 }}</ref> Currently, the spread of the ''Korean Wave'' to other regions of the world is most visibly seen among teenagers and young adults in East Asia, the [[Middle East]], Latin America, and [[immigrant]] [[Ethnic enclave|enclaves]] of the Western world.<ref>{{cite news |last=James Russell |first=Mark |title=The Gangnam Phenom |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/27/the_gangnam_phenom |date=September 27, 2012 |work=[[Foreign Policy]] |quote=First taking off in China and Southeast Asia in the late 1990s, but really spiking after 2002, Korean TV dramas and pop music have since moved to the Middle East and Eastern Europe, and now even parts of South America. |access-date=11 October 2012 |postscript=none |archive-date=1 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001015846/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/27/the_gangnam_phenom |url-status=dead }}; {{cite web |title=Korean pop culture spreads in Cairo |date=19 July 2011 |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/korean-pop-culture-spreads-cairo |first1=Steven |last1=Viney |publisher=Egypt Independent |access-date=14 April 2013 |postscript=none |archive-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004214335/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/korean-pop-culture-spreads-cairo |url-status=live}}; {{cite news |last=Kember |first=Findlay |title=Remote Indian state hooked on Korean pop culture |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hWpuw95RkyRy8xw4qHfkhko9GcIA?docId=CNG.18f3ac3daa0d8f95aa693b397f54d476.c1 |via=Google News|date= 2011 |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |access-date=24 February 2013 |postscript=none |archive-date=15 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515000422/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hWpuw95RkyRy8xw4qHfkhko9GcIA?docId=CNG.18f3ac3daa0d8f95aa693b397f54d476.c1 |url-status=dead }}; {{cite news |title=South Korea's K-pop spreads to Latin America |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gxOWILlKeDQpqipMWx9fIFnKMVEA?docId=CNG.2675b7fded96e2e3c9f9668042c6fbc4.551 |via=Google News |author1=Jung Ha-Won |date=Jun 19, 2012   |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |access-date=28 March 2013 |postscript=none |archive-date=2 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302233351/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gxOWILlKeDQpqipMWx9fIFnKMVEA?docId=CNG.2675b7fded96e2e3c9f9668042c6fbc4.551 |url-status=dead }}; {{cite news |title=K-pop enters American pop consciousness |url=https://articles.latimes.com/2012/apr/29/entertainment/la-ca-kpop-20120429/2 |work=[[The Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=24 March 2013 |quote=The fan scene in America has been largely centered on major immigrant hubs like Los Angeles and New York, where Girls' Generation sold out Madison Square Garden with a crop of rising K-pop acts including BoA and Super Junior |first=August |last=Brown |date=29 April 2012 |postscript=none |archive-date=5 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105164619/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/apr/29/entertainment/la-ca-kpop-20120429/2 |url-status=dead}}; {{cite magazine |last=Seabrook |first=John |title=Cultural technology and the making of K-pop: Factory Girls |url-access=limited |date= October 8, 2012 |url=https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/10/08/121008fa_fact_seabrook?currentPage=all |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=4 March 2013 |quote=The crowd was older than I'd expected, and the ambience felt more like a video-game convention than like a pop concert. About three out of four people were Asian-American, but there were also Caucasians of all ages, and a number of black women |postscript=none |archive-date=25 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025125809/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/10/08/121008fa_fact_seabrook?currentPage=all |url-status=live}}; {{cite news |last=Chen |first=Peter |title='Gangnam Style': How One Teen Immigrant Fell For K-Pop Music |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/09/going-gangnam-how-one-tee_n_2529142.html |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |access-date=4 March 2013 |quote=It is common for Chinese teens in the U.S. to be fans of K-pop, too |date=9 February 2013 |postscript=none |archive-date=18 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218052550/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/09/going-gangnam-how-one-tee_n_2529142.html |url-status=live}}; {{cite web |title=Black is the New K-Pop: Interview With 'Black K-Pop Fans' |url=http://www.theoneshots.com/2013/02/black-is-the-new-k-pop-interview-with-black-k-pop-fans/ |publisher=The One Shots |last1=Salima  |date=February 27, 2013  |access-date=4 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303024949/http://www.theoneshots.com/2013/02/black-is-the-new-k-pop-interview-with-black-k-pop-fans/ |archive-date=3 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ro |first=Christine |title=BTS and EXO: The soft power roots of K-pop |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200309-the-soft-power-roots-of-k-pop |date=9 March 2020 |access-date=2021-10-05 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en |archive-date=2021-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005203233/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200309-the-soft-power-roots-of-k-pop|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-05 |title=Why 26 Korean words have been added to Oxford English Dictionary |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-58749976|access-date=2021-10-05 |archive-date=2021-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005114628/https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-58749976 |url-status=live}}</ref>