Editing Short-term memory (section)

=== Alzheimer's disease ===
Memory distortion in [[Alzheimer's disease]] is a disorder common in older adults. One study compared patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease versus age matched healthy adults.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=MaDuffie |first1=K. |last2=Atkins |first2=A. |last3=Flegal |first3=K. |last4=Clark |first4=C. |last5=Reuter-Lorenz |first5=P. |year=2012 |title=Memory distortion in alzheimer's disease: deficient monitoring of short-term and long-term memory |journal=Neuropsychology |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=509–516 |doi=10.1037/a0028684 |pmc=3389800 |pmid=22746309}}</ref> Alzheimer's patients had more severely reduced short-term memory. Visual short-term memory is also impaired in sporadic, late-onset as well as familial Alzheimer's disease, when assessed using delayed reproduction tasks.<ref name="Zokaei 41–50"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liang |first1=Yuying |last2=Pertzov |first2=Yoni |last3=Nicholas |first3=Jennifer M. |last4=Henley |first4=Susie M. D. |last5=Crutch |first5=Sebastian |last6=Woodward |first6=Felix |last7=Leung |first7=Kelvin |last8=Fox |first8=Nick C. |last9=Husain |first9=Masud |date=May 2016 |title=Visual short-term memory binding deficit in familial Alzheimer's disease |journal=Cortex |volume=78 |pages=150–164 |doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2016.01.015 |pmc=4865502 |pmid=27085491 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/7854_2019_103 |chapter=Working Memory in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease |title=Processes of Visuospatial Attention and Working Memory |series=Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences |year=2019 |last1=Zokaei |first1=Nahid |last2=Husain |first2=Masud |volume=41 |pages=325–344 |pmid=31347008 |isbn=978-3-030-31025-7 |s2cid=198912072 }}</ref> These studies point to a deficit in visual feature binding as an important component of the deficit. [[Episodic memory]] and semantic abilities deteriorate early in Alzheimer's disease. Since the cognitive system includes interconnected and reciprocally influenced neuronal networks, one study hypothesized that stimulation of lexical-semantic abilities may benefit semantically structured episodic memory.  They found that Lexical-Semantic stimulation treatment could improve episodic memory.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jelicic |first1=N. |last2=Cagnin |first2=A. |last3=Meneghello |first3=F. |last4=Turolla |first4=A. |last5=Ermani |first5=M. |last6=Dam |first6=M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of Lexical-Semantic treatments on memory in early alzheimers disease |journal=Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair |volume=26 |issue=8 |pages=949–956 |doi=10.1177/1545968312440146 |pmid=22460609 |s2cid=206759948}}</ref>