Editing Sheffield (section)

==Economy==
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+ Labour profile
|- 
! scope="col" | Jobs
! scope="col" | Number
! scope="col" | %
|-
||'''Total employee jobs'''||'''255,700'''||{{n/a}}
|-
||Full-time||168,000||65.7%
|-
||Part-time||87,700||34.3%
|-
||'''Manufact. & Construct.'''||'''40,300'''||'''15.7%'''
|-
||Manufacturing||31,800||12.4%
|-
||Construction||8,500||3.3%
|-
||'''Services'''||'''214,900'''||'''84.1%'''
|-
| style="left-padding: 20pt" |Distribution, hotels & restaurants||58,800||23.0%
|-
| style="left-padding: 20pt" |Transport & communications||14,200||5.5%
|-
| style="left-padding: 20pt" |Finance, IT, other business activities||51,800||20.2%
|-
| style="left-padding: 20pt" |Public admin, education & health||77,500||30.3%
|-
| style="left-padding: 20pt" |Other services||12,700||5.0%
|-
| style="left-padding: 20pt" |Tourism-related||18,400||7.2%
|}

{{Main|Economy of Sheffield}}

{{See also|List of companies in Sheffield}}

[[File:St Pauls Place Sheffield.png|thumb|left|alt=St Paul's Tower, a new, mixed use development which forms part of the St Paul's Place development. In the top left corner is the Main St Paul's tower itself. Below it is the Tower 2, connected to the main tower but half the height. To the right is another office building in the same development. All have been completed within the last 5 years and represent some of the newest architecture in the city.|[[St Paul's Place]], 2010. [[St Pauls Tower|St Paul's Tower]], the tallest building in Sheffield, is in the centre. The St Paul's Place development constitutes a major redevelopment of the area and has attracted numerous large companies to the complex, such as [[DLA Piper]], [[PwC]] and [[Barclays]]. The [[Department for Education]] and the [[Department for Business, Innovation & Skills]] have also established a presence within St Paul's Place.]]

After many years of decline, the Sheffield economy is going through a strong revival. The 2004 [[Barclays Bank]] Financial Planning study<ref>{{cite news |title=Wealth hotspots 'outside London' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3871857.stm |work=BBC News |date=7 July 2004 |access-date=4 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711214408/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3871857.stm |archive-date=11 July 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> revealed that, in 2003, the Sheffield district of Hallam was the highest ranking area outside London for overall wealth, the proportion of people earning over £60,000 a year standing at almost 12%. A survey by [[Knight Frank]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Sheffield 'hotbed' for investment |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/south_yorkshire/4314628.stm |work=BBC News |date=6 November 2005 |access-date=4 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110306074300/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/south_yorkshire/4314628.stm |archive-date=6 March 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> revealed that Sheffield was the fastest-growing city outside London for office and residential space and rents during the second half of 2004. This can be seen in a surge of redevelopments, including the [[St Pauls Tower|City Lofts Tower]] and accompanying [[St Paul's Place]], Velocity Living and the Moor redevelopment,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheffieldtelegraph.co.uk/commercial/Metamorphosis-of-The-Moor.3637645.jp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130114045148/http://www.sheffieldtelegraph.co.uk/commercial/Metamorphosis-of-The-Moor.3637645.jp |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 January 2013 |title=Metamorphosis of The Moor |work=Sheffield Telegraph |access-date=22 June 2009}}</ref> the forthcoming [[New Retail Quarter|NRQ]] and the [[Sheffield Winter Gardens|Winter Gardens]], [[Peace Gardens]], [[Millennium Galleries]] and many projects completed under the [[Sheffield One]] redevelopment agency. The Sheffield economy grew from £5.6&nbsp;billion in 1997 (1997 [[Gross value added|GVA]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/gva1208.pdf |title=Office for National Statistics GVA figures 2006, released 2008 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=13 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326083726/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/gva1208.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2009}}</ref> to £9.2&nbsp;billion in 2007 (2007 GVA).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/gva1209.pdf |title=Office for National Statistics GVA figures 2007, released 2009 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=December 2009 |access-date=18 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703022257/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/gva1209.pdf |archive-date=3 July 2010}}</ref>

The "UK Cities Monitor 2008" placed Sheffield among the top ten "best cities to locate a business today", the city occupying third and fourth places, respectively, for best office location and best new [[call centre]] location. The same report places Sheffield in third place regarding "greenest reputation" and second in terms of the availability of financial incentives.<ref>{{cite book |title=UK Cities Monitor 2008 |publisher=Cushman & Wakefield |year=2008}}</ref>

=== Heavy industries and metallurgy ===
[[File:Harry Brearley.jpg|thumb|right|Monument to [[Harry Brearley]] and the birthplace of [[stainless steel]] at the former [[Firth Brown Steels|Brown Firth Research Laboratories]] ]]
Sheffield has an international reputation for metallurgy and steel-making.<ref>There are numerous sources showing the international reputation of Sheffield for metallurgy, and in particular steel and cutlery manufacture. Some examples are: the [[Oxford English Dictionary]], which begins its entry for ''Sheffield'', "The name of a manufacturing city of Yorkshire, famous for cutlery"; and the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', which in its entry for "Sheffield" states that by 1830 Sheffield had earned "recognition as the world centre of high-grade steel manufacture". [[David Hey]] in the preface to his 1997 book ''Mesters to Masters: A History of the Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire.'' ([[Oxford University Press]], {{ISBN|0-19-828997-9}}) states "It (Sheffield) was known for its cutlery wares long before the incorporation of the [[Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire|Cutlers' Company]] in 1624, and long before it acquired an international reputation as the steel capital of the world."</ref> The earliest official record of cutlery production, for which Sheffield is particularly well known, is from 1297 when a tax return for 'Robert the Cutler' was submitted.<ref name="welcometosheffield.co.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.welcometosheffield.co.uk/invest/engineering-and-manufacturing/made-in-sheffield |title=Welcome to Sheffield &#124; Made In Sheffield |website=welcometosheffield.co.uk |access-date=2 November 2020 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026165456/http://www.welcometosheffield.co.uk/invest/engineering-and-manufacturing/made-in-sheffield |url-status=live }}</ref> A key reason for Sheffield's success in the production of cutlery lies in its geographic makeup. The abundance of streams in the area provided water power and the geological formations in the [[Hope Valley, Derbyshire|Hope Valley]], in particular, provided sufficient grit stones for grinding wheels.<ref name="welcometosheffield.co.uk"/> In the 17th century, the [[Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire]], which oversaw the booming cutlery industry in the area and remains to this day, was established and focused on markets outside the Sheffield area, leading to the gradual establishment of Sheffield as a respected producer of cutlery.<ref name="welcometosheffield.co.uk"/> this gradually developed from a national reputation into an international one.<ref name="welcometosheffield.co.uk"/>

Playing a crucial role in the [[Industrial Revolution]], the city became an industrial powerhouse in the 18th century, and was dubbed "[[Steel City]]".<ref name="Steel BBC">{{cite news |title=Made in Great Britain, Series 1, Steel |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0bpz4ks |access-date=28 March 2019 |agency=BBC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328125550/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0bpz4ks |archive-date=28 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Many innovations in these fields have been made in Sheffield, for example [[Benjamin Huntsman]] discovered the [[crucible technique]] in the 1740s at his workshop in [[Handsworth, South Yorkshire|Handsworth]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mezenin |first=N. |year=1972 |title=Huntsman |journal=Metallurgist |publisher=Springer |volume=16 |issue=7 |pages=510–512 |doi=10.1007/BF00731738}}</ref> This process was rendered obsolete in 1856 by [[Henry Bessemer]]'s invention of the [[Bessemer converter]]. [[Thomas Boulsover]] invented [[Sheffield plate]] (silver-plated copper) in the early 18th&nbsp;century.

[[Stainless steel]] was invented by [[Harry Brearley]] in 1912, bringing affordable [[cutlery]] to the masses.<ref name="Steel BBC"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tilthammer.com/bio/brear.html |title=Harry Brearley 1871–1948 |access-date=30 December 2006 |work=Tilt Hammer |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061121041226/http://www.tilthammer.com/bio/brear.html |archive-date=21 November 2006}}</ref> The work of [[Frederick Brian Pickering|F. B. Pickering]] and T. Gladman throughout the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s was fundamental to the development of modern high-strength low-alloy steels.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Llewellyn |first1=D.&nbsp;T. |last2=Hudd |first2=Roger&nbsp;C. |title=Steels: metallurgy and applications |url=https://archive.org/details/steelsmetallurgy00scie_222 |url-access=limited |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |year=1998 |isbn=0-7506-3757-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/steelsmetallurgy00scie_222/page/n208 196]–290}}</ref> Further innovations continue, with new advanced manufacturing technologies and techniques being developed on the [[Advanced Manufacturing Park]], situated just over the boundary in the borough of Rotherham, by Sheffield's universities and other independent research organisations.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thestar.co.uk/business/Hitech-centre-celebrates-a-year.3710800.jp |title=Hi-tech centre celebrates a year of success |last=Rae |first=Bob |work=The Star |date=25 January 2008 |access-date=21 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417061059/http://www.thestar.co.uk/business/Hitech-centre-celebrates-a-year.3710800.jp |archive-date=17 April 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Organisations located on the AMP include the Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC, a research partnership between the [[Boeing Company]] and the [[University of Sheffield]]), Castings Technology International (CTI), [[The Welding Institute]] (TWI),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.attheamp.com/the-amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502185232/http://www.attheamp.com/the-amp |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 May 2009 |title=The AMP |work=Advanced Manufacturing Park website |publisher=Advanced Manufacturing Park |access-date=13 October 2013}}</ref> [[Rolls-Royce plc]] and [[McLaren Automotive]].

[[File:Sheffield Forgemasters - geograph.org.uk - 517979.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Photo of the Forgemasters steel works, Sheffield|[[Forgemasters]] steel works in Sheffield. The site was formerly run by [[Vickers Limited]] which was founded in Sheffield in 1828 and became one of the most prominent engineering companies in the world.]] [[Sheffield Forgemasters|Forgemasters]], founded in 1805, is the sole remaining independent [[steel works]] in the world and dominates the north-east of Sheffield around the [[Lower Don Valley]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheffieldforgemasters.com/sfm/history/1800s |title=History: 19th&nbsp;century |publisher=Sheffield Forgemasters International |access-date=26 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823040943/http://www.sheffieldforgemasters.com/sfm/history/1800s |archive-date=23 August 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The firm has a global reputation for producing the largest and most complex steel forgings and castings and is certified to produce critical nuclear components, with recent projects including the [[Royal Navy]]'s {{sclass|Astute|submarine|0}} submarines.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheffieldforgemasters.com/sfm/overview |title=Overview – Sheffield Forgemasters International Ltd. |publisher=Sheffield Forgemasters International |access-date=26 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823033426/http://www.sheffieldforgemasters.com/sfm/overview |archive-date=23 August 2010}}</ref> The firm also has the capacity for pouring the largest single ingot (570 tonnes) in Europe and is currently in the process of expanding its capabilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheffieldforgemasters.com/sfm/overview |publisher=Sheffield Forgemasters International |title=Steel forgings, steel castings and engineering solutions |access-date=24 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823033426/http://www.sheffieldforgemasters.com/sfm/overview |archive-date=23 August 2010}}</ref> In July 2021 Forgemasters was bought outright by the UK [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] for £2.56&nbsp;million, with the intention of investing a further £400&nbsp;million over the next decade.<ref name="theguardian1">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/jul/28/sheffield-forgemasters-nationalised-after-takeover-ministry-of-defence |title=Sheffield Forgemasters nationalised after £2.6m takeover by MoD |first=Jasper |last=Jolly |date=28 July 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |issn=0261-3077 |access-date=19 June 2022 |archive-date=18 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618211638/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/jul/28/sheffield-forgemasters-nationalised-after-takeover-ministry-of-defence |url-status=live }}</ref> The decision was based on the important role Forgemasters plays in the construction of the UK nuclear submarine fleet as well other vessels for the [[Royal Navy]].<ref name="theguardian1"/>

While iron and steel have long been the main industries of Sheffield, [[coal mining]] has also been a major industry, particularly in the outlying areas, and the [[Palace of Westminster]] in London was built using [[limestone]] from [[quarry|quarries]] in the nearby village of [[Anston]].

=== Public sector ===
[[File:Diamond UoS 2 26 May 2017.jpg|thumb|right|alt=University of Sheffield Diamond|''The Diamond'', at the University of Sheffield. The university is a major public sector employer in the city]]
Sheffield has a large public sector workforce, numbering 77,500 workers. During the period 1995–2008 (a period of growth for the city and many others in the UK), the number of jobs in the city increased by 22% and 50% of these were in the public sector.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.centreforcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/11-10-17_Sheffield_Appendix.pdf |title=Appendix: Sheffield data analysis |website=centreforcities.org |access-date=26 July 2021 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815043253/https://www.centreforcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/11-10-17_Sheffield_Appendix.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Major public sector employers include the [[National Health Service]], The University of Sheffield, [[Sheffield Hallam University]], and numerous government departments and agencies including the [[Home Office]] (Visas & Immigration), [[Department for Education]] & [[Department for Business, Innovation & Skills]]. Recently developed offices in St Paul's Place and [[Riverside Exchange]] play host to the aforementioned government departments.

[[Sheffield City Council]], which is also a major public sector employer in the city, employs over 8,000 people, spread across four different sections (known as portfolios). Sheffield City Council is also the [[Local Education Authority]] (LEA) and as such manages all states schools and their associated staff. As part of its mandate to provide public services, Sheffield City Council maintains contracts with three private contractors—[[Amey plc|Amey]], [[Veolia]] and [[Capita]] (contract ending in 2020). Together, these contractors provide additional employment in the city.

=== Leisure and retail ===

==== City centre ====
[[File:SheffieldCitySkyline.jpg|thumb|right|alt=An aerial view of Sheffield City Centre|A view of [[Sheffield City Centre]]. Some of the major shopping precincts can be seen in the left and centre of the image.]]
[[File:The Moor, Sheffield.jpg|thumb|left|The Moor]]

Sheffield is a major retail centre, and is home to many [[high street]] and [[department store]]s as well as designer boutiques.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Ian&nbsp;R. |last2=Evans |first2=Karen |last3=Fraser |first3=Penny |title=A tale of two cities: global change, local feeling and everyday life in the North of England: a study in Manchester and Sheffield |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=1996 |pages=115–162 |chapter=Shop 'Til You Drop: The 'Nice Shops' and the Markets in Manchester and Sheffield |isbn=0-415-13829-9}}</ref> The main shopping areas in the city centre are on [[The Moor Quarter|The Moor]] precinct, [[Fargate]], [[Orchard Square]] and the [[Devonshire Quarter]]. Department stores in the city centre include [[Marks and Spencer]] and [[Atkinsons]]. Sheffield's main market was once [[Castle Market]], built above the remains of the castle. This has since been demolished.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/old-market-site-to-come-down-by-end-of-the-year-1-6515878 |title=Old market site to come down by end of the year |access-date=26 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326025013/http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/old-market-site-to-come-down-by-end-of-the-year-1-6515878 |archive-date=26 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[The Moor Quarter#Moor Market|Sheffield Moor Market]] opened in 2013 and became the main destination for fresh produce. The market has 196 stalls and includes local and organic produce, as well as international fusion cuisine such as Russian, Jamaican and Thai.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.welcometosheffield.co.uk/visit-searchresults/product/757061 |title=Welcome to Sheffield &#124; Results of product |website=welcometosheffield.co.uk |access-date=2 November 2020 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020113749/http://www.welcometosheffield.co.uk/visit-searchresults/product/757061 |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2021 it was announced that the Sheffield branch of [[John Lewis & Partners|John Lewis]] would close due to falling sales and a move to online shopping, which had increased because of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]]. John Lewis received £3&nbsp;million of public funding from Sheffield City Council in 2020 to keep the local store open.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=John Lewis to close eight more stores, putting 1,500 jobs at risk |url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/mar/24/john-lewis-to-close-eight-more-stores-putting-1500-jobs-at-risk |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |archive-date=28 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328010800/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/mar/24/john-lewis-to-close-eight-more-stores-putting-1500-jobs-at-risk |url-status=live }}</ref> The local [[Debenhams]] branches are expected to re-open after the lifting of the 2021 COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, but only to clear existing stock, after which it is expected the stores will close.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bent |first=Lloyd |date=1 December 2020 |title=Debenhams set to close historic Sheffield shop after JD Sports rescue bid collapses |url=https://www.thestar.co.uk/business/consumer/debenhams-set-close-historic-sheffield-shop-after-jd-sports-rescue-bid-collapses-3053310 |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=thestar.co.uk |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125133912/https://www.thestar.co.uk/business/consumer/debenhams-set-close-historic-sheffield-shop-after-jd-sports-rescue-bid-collapses-3053310 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hoare |first=Callum |date=24 March 2021 |title=Debenhams tipped for high street surge after lockdown: 'People love to shop!' |url=https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/life/1413579/debenhams-high-street-comeback-store-closure-online-shopping-asos-topshop-topman-spt |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=Express.co.uk |archive-date=27 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327125012/https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/life/1413579/debenhams-high-street-comeback-store-closure-online-shopping-asos-topshop-topman-spt |url-status=live }}</ref>

With the decline in high street shopping around the UK, efforts have been made to rejuvenate Sheffield City Centre and improve the retail and leisure offering. Major developments include [[Leopold Square]], [[The Moor Quarter|The Moor]], St Paul's Place (a mixed use development) and the [[Heart of the City, Sheffield|Heart of the City]] I & II projects. In March 2022 Sheffield City Council announced that a new leisure hub would be constructed at the southern end of Fargate. The £300,000 hub will feature cafes, shops and large-screen TVs for sports events.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.examinerlive.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/sheffield-city-centre-fargate-attraction-23417724 |title=Sheffield city centre's new cafes, shops and big screen to open in weeks |first=Molly |last=Williams |date=17 March 2022 |website=YorkshireLive |access-date=4 May 2022 |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514190548/https://www.examinerlive.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/sheffield-city-centre-fargate-attraction-23417724 |url-status=live }}</ref> The development is also related to other efforts to rejuvenate the Fargate area, such as a new mixed-use events and coworking hub at 20–26 Fargate, also overseen by Sheffield City Council.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/politics/sheffield-council-reveals-plans-for-events-central-city-centre-music-venue-with-exhibition-space-3661762 |title=Sheffield Council reveals plans for Events Central city centre music venue with exhibition space |website=thestar.co.uk |date=20 April 2022 |access-date=4 May 2022 |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422110217/https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/politics/sheffield-council-reveals-plans-for-events-central-city-centre-music-venue-with-exhibition-space-3661762 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Shopping centres ====
[[File:Meadowhall, Sheffield (geograph 1994609).jpg|thumb|right|225px|alt=Meadowhall (shopping centre)|[[Meadowhall (shopping centre)|Meadowhall]]]]

[[Meadowhall (shopping centre)|Meadowhall]] shopping centre, located to the north-east of Sheffield close to the boundary with [[Rotherham]] and next to the [[M1 motorway]], is a major regional shopping destination and currently ranked [[List of shopping centres in the United Kingdom by size|eleventh largest]] in the UK with a floorspace of {{convert|1.5|e6ft2|abbr=unit}}. Attracting over 30&nbsp;million visitors a year (up from 19&nbsp;million in its first year), the centre hosts 270&nbsp;shops, 37&nbsp;restaurants and a cinema.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |url=http://www.welcometosheffield.co.uk/visit-searchresults/product/758621 |title=Welcome to Sheffield &#124; Results of product |website=welcometosheffield.co.uk |access-date=2 November 2020 |archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117212647/http://www.welcometosheffield.co.uk/visit-searchresults/product/758621 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geographypages.co.uk/meadow.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417183245/http://www.geographypages.co.uk/meadow.htm |archive-date=17 April 2013 |title=How Has Sheffield City Centre Changes Since the Development of Meadowhall? |website=geographypages.co.uk |url-status=dead}}</ref> Many nationally renowned brands have a presence at the centre including [[Marks & Spencer]], [[Hugo Boss]] and [[Jaeger (clothing)|Jaeger]]. The centre is connected to the city centre by rail, [[Supertram (Sheffield)|Supertram]] and bus services.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Prior to the opening of Meadowhall, the site was occupied for East Hecla (steel) works, a major employer in the north-east of the city. The opening of Meadowhall in 1990 marked the beginning of major rejuvenation in the [[Lower Don Valley]] as the steel industry contracted. In a 2010 survey of forecast expenditure at retail centres in the United Kingdom, Meadowhall was ranked 12th and [[Sheffield City Centre]] 19th.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caci.co.uk/492.aspx |title=Retail Footprint 2010 reveals Britain's shopping successes and strugglers |date=21 May 2010 |access-date=18 July 2010 |publisher=[[CACI|CACI Ltd]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618210926/http://www.caci.co.uk/492.aspx |archive-date=18 June 2010}}</ref>
[[File:Ikea, Sheffield.jpg|thumb|225px|left|IKEA, Sheffield]]
To the South of Meadowhall shopping centre is Meadowhall Retail Park, a {{convert|190500|ft2|adj=on}} retail park with 13 retail and food units.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://completelyretail.co.uk/scheme/3254 |title=Meadowhall Retail Park, Sheffield |publisher=Completely Retail |date= |access-date=25 June 2022 |archive-date=1 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801160133/https://completelyretail.co.uk/scheme/3254 |url-status=live }}</ref> Next to the retail park is the Sheffield [[IKEA]] store, opened in 2017. The opening ceremony was attended by dignitaries including the Swedish Ambassador to the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insightdiy.co.uk/news/ikea-opens-their-20th-uk-store-in-sheffield/5880.htm#:~:text=The%2035%2C000%20sqm%20store%20will,with%20around%201%2C000%20free%20spaces |title=IKEA opens their 20th UK store in Sheffield |publisher=Insightdiy.co.uk |date=17 June 2022 |access-date=25 June 2022 |archive-date=5 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805191312/https://www.insightdiy.co.uk/news/ikea-opens-their-20th-uk-store-in-sheffield/5880.htm#:~:text=The%2035%2C000%20sqm%20store%20will,with%20around%201%2C000%20free%20spaces |url-status=live }}</ref> The Sheffield store was the 20th opened in the UK and led to the creation of 480 new local jobs.

The second-largest shopping centre in Sheffield is [[Crystal Peaks]], located in the south-east of the city, alongside Drakehouse Retail Park. Both the shopping centre and the retail park opened in 1988 and now attract around 11&nbsp;million visitors a year.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thestar.co.uk/business/record-number-of-shoppers-pass-through-centre-s-doors-1-6363303 |title=Record number of shoppers pass through centre's doors |work=The Star |access-date=3 December 2016 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220032612/http://www.thestar.co.uk/business/record-number-of-shoppers-pass-through-centre-s-doors-1-6363303 |url-status=live }}</ref> In total there are 101 retailers (including eateries) at Crystal Peaks and Drakehouse, including a range of high street brands. Crystal Peaks also includes a travel interchange which serves as the hub for bus travel in the east and south-east of Sheffield.

==== Suburbs ====
[[File:Ecclesall Road, Sheffield (1).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Ecclesall Road, Sheffield|Ecclesall Road]]
[[File:Little Kelham buildings, Sheffield, UK.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Little Kelham in the Kelham Island Quarter|Little Kelham in the Kelham Island Quarter]]

Beyond the city centre there are numerous other leisure and shopping areas. To the south-west of the city centre is [[Ecclesall Road]], a major thoroughfare connecting the south-western suburbs to the city centre and lined with bars, restaurants and cafes, as well as housing.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thisissheffield.com/ecclesall/ |title=This Is Ecclesall – Your Guide To Ecclesall & Surrounding Areas |date=7 January 2020 |website=thisissheffield.com |access-date=18 June 2022 |archive-date=3 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803221050/https://www.thisissheffield.com/ecclesall/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref> The area has a large student community owing to the presence of the Sheffield Hallam University Collegiate Campus adjacent to Ecclesall Road. The leisure section of the road is approximately {{cvt|2.5|km|order=flip}} long, with the south-western end becoming Ecclesall Road South and a predominantly
residential area. Another popular shopping and leisure area is [[London Road (Sheffield)|London Road]], to the south of the city centre. The road is famous for its multicultural community which has led to an abundance of international cuisines being served at restaurants along the road. To the west of the city centre is [[Broomhill and Sharrow Vale|Broomhill]], a student-centric neighbourhood which also caters for school students as well local university students and NHS staff. To the north-west of the city centre are [[Hillsborough, Sheffield|Hillsborough]], a large retail and sports hub, and [[Stocksbridge]] Fox Valley, a modern leisure and retail centre built on a brownfield industrial site.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxvalleysheffield.co.uk/ |title=Welcome to Fox Valley, Sheffield – Retail shopping at Fox Valley, Sheffield |publisher=Foxvalleysheffield.co.uk |date= |access-date=19 June 2022 |archive-date=26 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626014747/https://www.foxvalleysheffield.co.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the late 2010s and early 2020s several new developments began to the north of the city centre in the [[Kelham Island Quarter]], an increasingly popular mixed-use development. The area has become known for its independent cafes, restaurants and pubs and has seen significant residential development in recent years.

=== Tourism ===
Tourism plays a major role in the city's economy on account of [[List of tourist attractions in Sheffield|numerous attractions]]—namely the Peak District, sports events (in particular, the [[Snooker World Championships]]) and musical festivals (such as [[Tramlines]]). In 2019, the tourism industry in Sheffield was valued at £1.36&nbsp;billion and supported 15,000 jobs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/politics/sheffield-facing-5000-tourism-and-hospitality-industry-job-losses-due-coronavirus-2934237 |title=Emergency help plea for Yorkshire's 'crown jewel' tourism sector as thousands of job losses forecast |work=Yorkshire Post |access-date=2 November 2020 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026215125/https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/politics/sheffield-facing-5000-tourism-and-hospitality-industry-job-losses-due-coronavirus-2934237 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2012, [[Sheffield City Region Enterprise Zone]] was launched to promote development in a number of sites in Sheffield and across the wider region. In March 2014 additional sites were added to the zone.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thebusinessdesk.com/yorkshire/news/588887-sheffield-city-region-enterprise-zone-reveals-expansion-plans.html# |title=Sheffield City Region Enterprise Zone announces expansion plans |last=Newton-Syms |first=Ellie |publisher=The Business Desk |date=11 March 2014 |access-date=12 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123938/http://www.thebusinessdesk.com/yorkshire/news/588887-sheffield-city-region-enterprise-zone-reveals-expansion-plans.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>