Editing Roe v. Wade (section)

==== 1960s–1970s ====
In the 1960s, there was an alliance between the [[population control movement]] and the [[abortion-rights movement in the United States]].<ref name=ziegler98/> [[Abortion rights]] were especially supported by younger women within the [[population control]] movement.<ref>{{harvnb|Ziegler|2015|p=103}}</ref> The cooperation was mostly due to [[feminists]] who wanted some of the popularity already enjoyed by the population control movement.{{citationneeded|date=May 2024}} In addition, population control advocates thought that legalizing abortion would help solve the coming population crisis that demographers had projected.<ref name=ziegler98/>

In 1973, [[Hugh Moore (businessman)|Hugh Moore]]'s [[Population Crisis Committee]] and [[John D. Rockefeller III]]'s [[Population Council]] both publicly supported abortion rights following ''Roe''.<ref name=ziegler117>{{harvnb|Ziegler|2015|p=117}}</ref> Previously, public support for abortion rights within the population control movement instead came from less established organizations such as [[Zero Population Growth]].<ref>{{harvnb|Ziegler|2013|p=19}}</ref> An exception was [[Planned Parenthood-World Population]], which supported repealing all laws against abortion in 1969.<ref>In 1969, Planned Parenthood-World Population took a position in favor of repealing all laws against abortion; see [https://books.google.com/books?id=-3J_3pDNZlkC&pg=PA744 Gender and Women's Leadership: A Reference Handbook] by Karen O'Connor, London: SAGE Publications, 2010, page 744; the Planned Parenthood organization had merged with the World Population Emergency Campaign organization in 1961 to create Planned Parenthood-World Population; see [https://books.google.com/books?id=rwU3AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA916 Population Crisis], Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Foreign Aid Expenditures of the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate, Eighty-Ninth Congress, First Session on S. 1676, June 29; July 9–24, 1965, Part 2-A, page 916; the merger occurred during a shift within the birth control movement away from individual health and towards population control; see [https://books.google.com/books?id=SNs1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA6742 Competitive Problems in the Drug Industry], Hearings before the Subcommittee on Monopoly of the Select Committee on Small Business. United States Senate, Ninety-First Congress, First session on Present Status of Competition in the Pharmaceutical Industry, February 24 – March 4, 1970, Part 16, Oral Contraceptives (Volume Two), page 6742</ref> Together, population control and abortion rights advocates voiced the benefits of legalized abortion such as smaller welfare costs, fewer illegitimate births, and slower population growth.<ref name=ziegler98/> At the same time, the use of these arguments put them at odds with [[civil-rights movement]] leaders and [[Black Power]] activists who were concerned that abortion would be used to eliminate non-whites.<ref name=ziegler98>{{harvnb|Ziegler|2015|p=98}}</ref> [[H. Rap Brown]] denounced abortion as "black genocide",<ref name=ziegler115>{{harvnb|Ziegler|2015|p=115}}</ref> and [[Dick Gregory]] said that his "answer to genocide, quite simply, is eight Black kids and another one on the way."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dS4eA77qau0C&pg=PA215|title=Black Maverick: T.R.M. Howard's Fight for Civil Rights and Economic Power|first1=David T.|last1=Beito|first2=Linda Royster|last2=Beito|location=Urbana, Illinois|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2009|page=215|isbn=978-0-252-03420-6 }}</ref>

Soon after ''Roe'', the population control movement suffered setbacks, which caused the movement to lose political support and instead appear divisive.<ref>{{harvnb|Ziegler|2013|p=35}}</ref> On June 27, 1973, a lawsuit was filed concerning [[the Relf sisters]], 14-year-old Minnie Lee and her 12-year-old sister Alice Lee. A worker at a federally-funded family planning clinic lied to their illiterate mother, saying they would get birth control shots. Instead, the Relf sisters were sterilized without their knowledge or consent.<ref>[https://voicesofthecivilrightsmovement.com/video-collection/2015/12/04/relf-sisters-sue-for-involuntary-sterilization Relf Sisters Sue for Involuntary Sterilization], Moments in the Civil Rights Movement, ''Voices of the Civil Rights Movement'', ''Comcast/NBC Universal'', April 4, 2015</ref> During the next fifteen months, 80 additional women came forward about their forced sterilizations, all belonging to minority races. Concerns rose that abortions would also become compulsory.<ref name="ziegler117"/> During the 1974 [[World Population Conference]] in [[Bucharest]], Romania, most developing nations argued that the developed nations' focus on population growth was an attempt to avoid solving the deeper causes of underdevelopment, such as the unequal structure of international relations.<ref name=dobos/> Instead, they wanted more favorable terms under the [[New International Economic Order]]. A draft plan with fertility targets was strongly opposed by the developing countries, which surprised the delegations from the United States, Canada, and Great Britain.<ref name=dobos>{{cite journal|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/eceu/45/2-3/article-p215_215.xml?language=en|title=Global Challenges, Local Knowledges: Politics and Expertise at the World Population Conference in Bucharest|first=Corina|last=Doboș|journal=East Central Europe|volume=45|date=November 29, 2018|pages=219–220|doi=10.1163/18763308-04502004 |s2cid=195477022 }}</ref> The final plan omitted fertility targets and instead stated, "A population policy may have a certain success if it constitutes an integral part of socio-economic development."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=C11EAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22A+population+policy+may%22&pg=RA5-PA15 Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa], United States Joint Publications Research Service circular #72986, issue number 2074 March 13, 1979, page 15</ref>

As members questioned the political benefits of population control rhetoric, the abortion-rights movement distanced itself from the population control movement.<ref name=ziegler36>{{harvnb|Ziegler|2013|p=36}}</ref> In October 1973, Robin Elliott circulated a memo to other Planned Parenthood members concerning opposition to "Planned Parenthood's credibility in its reference to the population problem".<ref name=ziegler36/> Instead, she thought they should use ''Roe'' inspired rhetoric about "the reaffirmation of commitment to freedom of choice in parenthood."<ref name=ziegler36/> By 1978, a NARAL handbook denounced population control.<ref>{{harvnb|Ziegler|2013|p=28}}</ref>