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== References == {{reflist |refs= <ref name="CODATA2018">{{cite web| url = https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html| title = "2018 CODATA recommended values"| access-date = 2019-05-31| archive-date = 2018-01-22| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180122130230/https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html| url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name="Mass">{{cite web |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/mass-common-quark-finally-nailed-down |title=Mass of the Common Quark Finally Nailed Down |last1=Cho |first1=Adrian |date=2 April 2010 |website=Science Magazine |publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] |access-date=27 September 2014 |archive-date=27 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827120227/http://news.sciencemag.org/physics/2010/04/mass-common-quark-finally-nailed-down |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="PSI">{{Cite web |publisher=[[Paul Shearer Institute]] |url=http://www.psi.ch/media/proton-size-puzzle-reinforced |title=Proton size puzzle reinforced! |date=25 January 2013 |access-date=6 July 2014 |archive-date=4 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004105018/https://www.psi.ch/media/proton-size-puzzle-reinforced |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Cottingham1986">{{cite book |last1=Cottingham |first1=W. 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K. |year=1989 |title=The Great Design: Particles, Fields, and Creation |page=214 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |bibcode=1988gdpf.book.....A}}</ref> <ref name="Wien1904">{{cite journal |last=Wien |first=Wilhelm |year=1904 |title=Über positive Elektronen und die Existenz hoher Atomgewichte |journal=[[Annalen der Physik]] |volume=318 |issue=4 |pages=669–677 |doi=10.1002/andp.18943180404 |bibcode=1904AnP...318..669W |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2190505 |access-date=2020-07-13 |archive-date=2020-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713133516/https://zenodo.org/record/2190505 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Petrucci2002">{{cite book |last1=Petrucci |first1=R. H. |last2=Harwood |first2=W. S. |last3=Herring |first3=F. 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Rutherford and the depths of the atom |bibcode=1997AmJPh..65..707R |doi=10.1119/1.18640 |issue=8}}</ref> <ref name="Footnote">Rutherford reported acceptance by the ''British Association'' in a footnote to {{Cite journal |doi=10.1080/14786442108636219 |title=XXIV. The constitution of atoms |journal=[[Philosophical Magazine]] |series=Series 6 |volume=41 |issue=242 |pages=281–285 |year=1921 |last1=Masson |first1=O. |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1430963 |access-date=2019-06-21 |archive-date=2019-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621193214/https://zenodo.org/record/1430963 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Pais1986">{{cite book |last=Pais |first=A. |year=1986 |title=Inward Bound |url=https://archive.org/details/inwardboundofmat00pais_0 |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=0-19-851997-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/inwardboundofmat00pais_0/page/296 296]}} Pais believed the first science literature use of the word ''proton'' occurs in {{Cite journal |doi=10.1038/106357a0 |title=Physics at the British Association |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=106 |issue=2663 |pages=357–358 |year=1920 |bibcode=1920Natur.106..357.|doi-access=free }}</ref> <!-- ♦♦♦ not used<ref name="Popkin2017">{{cite news |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/surprise-proton-lighter-we-thought |title=Surprise! The proton is lighter than we thought |first=Gabriel |last=Popkin |date=20 July 2017 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]}}</ref> <ref name="Heisse2017">{{cite journal |title=High-Precision Measurement of the Proton's Atomic Mass |first1=F. |last1=Heiße |first2=F. |last2=Köhler-Langes |first3=S. |last3=Rau |first4=J. |last4=Hou |first5=S. |last5=Junck |first6=A. |last6=Kracke |first7=A. |last7=Mooser |first8=W. |last8=Quint |first9=S. |last9=Ulmer |first10=G. |last10=Werth |first11=K. |last11=Blaum |first12=S. |last12=Sturm |s2cid=31683973 |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |volume=119 |issue=3 |page=033001 |date=18 July 2017 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.033001 |pmid=28777624 |arxiv=1706.06780 |bibcode=2017PhRvL.119c3001H}}</ref> ♦♦♦ --> <ref name="Bucella1989">{{Cite journal |doi=10.1016/0370-2693(89)90637-0 |title=An upper limit for the proton lifetime in SO(10) |journal=[[Physics Letters B]] |volume=233 |issue=1–2 |pages=178–182 |year=1989 |last1=Buccella |first1=F. |last2=Miele |first2=G. |last3=Rosa |first3=L. |last4=Santorelli |first4=P. |last5=Tuzi |first5=T. |bibcode=1989PhLB..233..178B}}</ref> <ref name="Lee1995">{{Cite journal |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.51.229 |pmid=10018289 |arxiv=hep-ph/9404238 |title=Predictions for the proton lifetime in minimal nonsupersymmetric SO(10) models: An update |journal=[[Physical Review D]] |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=229–235 |year=1995 |last1=Lee |first1=D.G. |last2=Mohapatra |first2=R. |last3=Parida |first3=M. |last4=Rani |first4=M. |bibcode=1995PhRvD..51..229L|s2cid=119341478 }}</ref> <ref name="Kamioka">{{cite web |title=Proton lifetime is longer than 10<sup>34</sup> years |publisher=[[Kamioka Observatory]] |date=November 2009 |url=http://www-sk.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/whatsnew/new-20091125-e.html |access-date=2014-08-31 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716144726/http://www-sk.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/whatsnew/new-20091125-e.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Nishino2009">{{Cite journal |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.141801 |pmid=19392425 |arxiv=0903.0676 |bibcode=2009PhRvL.102n1801N |title=Search for Proton Decay via p→e<sup>+</sup>π<sup>0</sup> and p→μ<sup>+</sup>π<sup>0</sup> in a Large Water Cherenkov Detector |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |volume=102 |issue=14 |pages=141801 |year=2009 |last1=Nishino |first1=H. |last2=Clark |first2=S. |last3=Abe |first3=K. |last4=Hayato |first4=Y. |last5=Iida |first5=T. |last6=Ikeda |first6=M. |last7=Kameda |first7=J. |last8=Kobayashi |first8=K. |last9=Koshio |first9=Y. |last10=Miura |first10=M. |last11=Moriyama |first11=S. |last12=Nakahata |first12=M. |last13=Nakayama |first13=S. |last14=Obayashi |first14=Y. |last15=Ogawa |first15=H. |last16=Sekiya |first16=H. |last17=Shiozawa |first17=M. |last18=Suzuki |first18=Y. |last19=Takeda |first19=A. |last20=Takenaga |first20=Y. |last21=Takeuchi |first21=Y. |last22=Ueno |first22=K. |last23=Ueshima |first23=K. |last24=Watanabe |first24=H. |last25=Yamada |first25=S. |last26=Hazama |first26=S. |last27=Higuchi |first27=I. |last28=Ishihara |first28=C. |last29=Kajita |first29=T. |last30=Kaneyuki |first30=K. |s2cid=32385768 |display-authors=1}}</ref> <ref name="Ahmed2004">{{Cite journal |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.102004 |pmid=15089201 |bibcode=2004PhRvL..92j2004A |arxiv=hep-ex/0310030 |title=Constraints on Nucleon Decay via Invisible Modes from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |volume=92 |issue=10 |pages=102004 |year=2004 |last1=Ahmed |first1=S. |last2=Anthony |first2=A. |last3=Beier |first3=E. |last4=Bellerive |first4=A. |last5=Biller |first5=S. |last6=Boger |first6=J. |last7=Boulay |first7=M. |last8=Bowler |first8=M. |last9=Bowles |first9=T. |last10=Brice |first10=S. |last11=Bullard |first11=T. |last12=Chan |first12=Y. |last13=Chen |first13=M. |last14=Chen |first14=X. |last15=Cleveland |first15=B. |last16=Cox |first16=G. |last17=Dai |first17=X. |last18=Dalnoki-Veress |first18=F. |last19=Doe |first19=P. |last20=Dosanjh |first20=R. |last21=Doucas |first21=G. |last22=Dragowsky |first22=M. |last23=Duba |first23=C. |last24=Duncan |first24=F. |last25=Dunford |first25=M. |last26=Dunmore |first26=J. |last27=Earle |first27=E. |last28=Elliott |first28=S. |last29=Evans |first29=H. |last30=Ewan |first30=G. |s2cid=119336775 |display-authors=1}}</ref> <ref name="Waston2004">{{cite book |last=Watson |first=A. |title=The Quantum Quark |pages=285–286 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-521-82907-6}}</ref> <!-- <ref name="Weise1984">{{cite book |last1=Weise |first1=W. |last2=Green |first2=A. M. |title=Quarks and Nuclei |pages=65–66 |publisher=[[World Scientific]] |year=1984 |isbn=978-9971-966-61-4}}</ref> --> <!-- <ref name="Ball2014">{{Cite journal |last=Ball |first=Philip |title=Nuclear masses calculated from scratch |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |date=Nov 20, 2008 |url=http://www.nature.com/news/2008/081120/full/news.2008.1246.html |access-date=Aug 27, 2014 |doi=10.1038/news.2008.1246}}</ref> --> <!-- <ref name="Reynolds2009">{{cite journal |last=Reynolds |first=Mark |title=Calculating the Mass of a Proton |journal=[[CNRS International Magazine]] |issue=13 |date=Apr 2009 |url=http://www2.cnrs.fr/en/1410.htm |issn=2270-5317 |access-date=Aug 27, 2014}}</ref> --> <ref name="SMAnswers">See [http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/38788/title/Standard_model_gets_right_answer_for_proton,_neutron_masses this news report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416132731/http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/38788/title/Standard_model_gets_right_answer_for_proton,_neutron_masses |date=2009-04-16 }} and links</ref> <ref name="Erlich2008">{{cite conference |first=Erlich |last=Joshua |title=Recent Results in AdS/QCD |book-title=Proceedings, 8th Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum, September 1–6, 2008, Mainz, Germany |date=December 2008 |arxiv=0812.4976 |bibcode=2008arXiv0812.4976E}}</ref> <ref name="Calangelo2000">{{Cite book |first1=Colangelo |last1=Pietro |first2=Khodjamirian |last2=Alex |s2cid=16053543 |chapter=QCD Sum Rules, a Modern Perspective |title=At the Frontier of Particle Physics: Handbook of QCD |publisher=[[World Scientific Publishing]] |pages=1495–1576 |editor-first=Shifman |editor-last=M. |date=October 2000 |arxiv=hep-ph/0010175 |bibcode=2001afpp.book.1495C |doi=10.1142/9789812810458_0033 |isbn=978-981-02-4445-3 |citeseerx=10.1.1.346.9301}}</ref> <!-- ♦♦♦ not used <ref name="Photonics.com">{{cite news |title=The Proton Just Got Smaller |url=http://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=42905 |work=Photonics.Com |date=12 July 2010 |access-date=2010-07-19}}</ref> ♦♦♦ --> <ref name="Burkert2018">{{cite journal |title=The pressure distribution inside the proton |last1=Burkert |first1=V. D. |last2=Elouadrhiri |first2=L. |last3=Girod |first3=F. X. |s2cid=21724781 |pages=396–399 |date=16 May 2018 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=557 |issue=7705 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0060-z |pmid=29769668 |bibcode=2018Natur.557..396B|osti=1438388 }}</ref> <ref name="Green2006">{{cite journal |last1=Green |first1=N. W. |last2=Frederickson |first2=A. R. |title=A Study of Spacecraft Charging due to Exposure to Interplanetary Protons |journal=[[AIP Conference Proceedings]] |volume=813 |pages=694–700 |url=http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/39501/1/05-0657.pdf |access-date=2009-06-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527113425/http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/39501/1/05-0657.pdf |archive-date=2010-05-27 |bibcode=2006AIPC..813..694G |year=2006 |doi=10.1063/1.2169250 |citeseerx=10.1.1.541.4495}}</ref> <ref name="Gabrielse2006">{{cite journal |last=Gabrielse |first=G. |year=2006 |title=Antiproton mass measurements |journal=[[International Journal of Mass Spectrometry]] |volume=251 |issue=2–3 |pages=273–280 |doi=10.1016/j.ijms.2006.02.013 |bibcode=2006IJMSp.251..273G}}</ref> }}
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