Editing Pomp and Circumstance Marches (section)

===March No. 4 in G===
March No. 4 is as upbeat and ceremonial as No. 1, containing another big tune in the central ''Trio'' section.

====Dedication====
March No. 4 was completed on 7 June 1907, and dedicated "To my friend [[George Robertson Sinclair|Dr. G. Robertson Sinclair]], Hereford".<ref name="GRS">Dr. George Robertson Sinclair was then the energetic organist of [[Hereford Cathedral]] and "G.R.S." of the [[Enigma Variations#Variation XI (Allegro di molto) "G.R.S."|''Enigma Variations'', Variation XI]]</ref> It was first performed on 24 August 1907, in the [[Queen's Hall]], London, conducted by the composer.

====Instrumentation====
The instrumentation is: [[piccolo]] (with 3rd [[Western concert flute|flute]]), 2 flutes, 2 [[oboe]]s, [[cor anglais]], 2 [[clarinet]]s in [[soprano clarinet|B{{music |flat}}]], [[bass clarinet]] in B{{music|flat}}, 2 [[bassoon]]s, [[contrabassoon]], 4 [[French horn|horn]]s in F, 3 [[trumpet]]s in A, 3 [[trombone]]s, [[tuba]], [[timpani]] (3), [[percussion]] ([[snare drum|side drum]], [[bass drum]] & [[cymbal]]s), 2 [[harp]]s, and [[string section|strings]].

====History====
The ''Trio'' was used by Elgar in a song called "[[The King's Way (song)|The King's Way]]" which he wrote, to [[Alice Elgar|his wife's]] words, in celebration of the opening of an important new London street called [[Kingsway, London|Kingsway]] in 1909.<ref>{{harvnb|McVeagh|2007|p=156}}: "In 'The King's Way' Elgar set Alice's words to the trio theme of ''Pomp and Circumstance'' No. 4, to celebrate the thoroughfare recently opened in London."</ref>

During [[World War II]], No. 4 also acquired words: a patriotic poem by [[A. P. Herbert]] with the refrain beginning "All men must be free" was used as "[[Song of Liberty]]".<ref>{{Cite web | url= http://www.elgar.org/3pomp.htm | work= Elgar – His Music | access-date = 20 May 2007| title = Pomp and Circumstance Marches nos.&nbsp;1–5, Op.&nbsp;39 | author = Elgar Foundation}}</ref>

During the [[wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer]] on 29 July 1981, ''Pomp and Circumstance'' No. 4 served as the [[Recessional hymn|recessional]]. As Diana's veil was lifted and the couple bowed and curtsied to Queen [[Elizabeth II]], the opening notes sounded and continued as they walked down the aisle of [[St Paul's Cathedral]] out to the portico and the waiting crowds.<ref>Deborah McCoy, ''The World's Most Unforgettable Weddings: Love, Lust, Money, and Madness'' (London: Kensington, 2001), 62. {{ISBN|0806521856}}</ref>

March No. 4 was the first piece in the recessional music for the [[coronation of Charles III and Camilla|coronation of Charles III]] on 6 May 2023.
<ref>{{cite web
 | title = Order of Service the Coronation of Their Majesties King Charles III and Queen Camilla
 | publisher = Westminster Abbey
 | url = https://www.westminster-abbey.org/media/15941/order-of-service-the-coronation-of-their-majesties-king-charles-iii-and-queen-camilla.pdf
 | access-date = 30 August 2023
 | archive-date = 4 August 2023
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230804133600/http://www.westminster-abbey.org/media/15941/order-of-service-the-coronation-of-their-majesties-king-charles-iii-and-queen-camilla.pdf
 | url-status = dead
 }}</ref>

====Description====
The march has an opening section consisting mainly of two-bar rhythmic phrases which are repeated in various forms, and a lyrical ''Trio'' constructed like the famous "Land of Hope and Glory" trio of March No. 1.

The first eight bars of the march is played by the full orchestra with the melody played by the violas<ref>One might expect the tune from the violins, with the violas playing a lower part</ref> and upper woodwind. Both harps play from the beginning, while the cellos, double basses and timpani contribute a simple bass figure. The bass clarinet, contrabassoon, trombones and tuba are held "in reserve" for the repeat, when the first violins join the violas with the tune. There are subdued fanfares from the brass interrupted by little flourishes from the strings before the opening march is repeated. There is pause, then a little section which starts forcefully but quietens, leading into the ''Trio''. The ''Trio'' follows the pattern of March No. 1, with the melody (in the [[subdominant]] key of C) played by clarinet, horn and violins. The violins start the ''Trio'' tune on the lowest note they can play, an open G-string, which gives a recognisable "twang" to this one note, and they are directed to play the passage ''sul G'' on the same string, for the sake of the tone-colour, and the accompaniment is from the harps, low strings and bassoons. The grand tune is repeated, as we expect, by the full orchestra; the opening march section returns; the grand tune is repeated once more, in the "home" key of G major; and the last word is had by a re-statement of the opening rhythmic patterns. The march prepares the audience for its end as surely as a train pulling into a station, with the violins, violas, and cellos ending on their resonant open G.