Editing Persian language (section)

==Varieties==
There are three standard varieties of modern Persian:
*''[[Iranian Persian]]'' (''Persian'', ''Western Persian'', or ''Farsi'') is spoken in [[Iran]], and by minorities in [[Iraq]] and the [[Persian Gulf]] states.
*''[[Dari|Eastern Persian]]'' (''Dari Persian'', ''Afghan Persian'', or ''Dari'') is spoken in [[Afghanistan]].
*''[[Tajik language|Tajiki]]'' (''Tajik Persian'') is spoken in [[Tajikistan]] and [[Uzbekistan]]. It is written in the [[Cyrillic script]].

All these three varieties are based on the classic Persian literature and its literary tradition. There are also several local dialects from Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan which slightly differ from the standard Persian. The [[Hazaragi dialect]] (in Central Afghanistan and Pakistan), [[Herat]]i (in Western Afghanistan), Darwazi (in Afghanistan and Tajikistan), [[Basseri dialect|Basseri]] (in Southern Iran), and the [[Tehrani accent]] (in Iran, the basis of standard Iranian Persian) are examples of these dialects. Persian-speaking peoples of Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan can understand one another with a relatively high degree of [[mutual intelligibility]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2005_817_17g_Beeman.pdf |title=Persian, Dari and Tajik |first=William |last=Beeman |work=[[Brown University]] |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025210857/http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2005_817_17g_Beeman.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nevertheless, the ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]'' notes that the Iranian, Afghan, and Tajiki varieties comprise distinct branches of the Persian language, and within each branch a wide variety of local dialects exist.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=TAJIK iii. COLLOQUIAL TAJIKI IN COMPARISON WITH PERSIAN OF IRAN |last1=Aliev |first1=Bahriddin |last2=Okawa |first2=Aya |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/tajik-iii-colloquial |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica |year=2010 |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225005554/https://iranicaonline.org/articles/tajik-iii-colloquial |url-status=live}}</ref>

The following are some languages closely related to Persian, or in some cases are considered dialects:
*[[Luri language|Luri]] (or ''Lori''), spoken mainly in the southwestern Iranian provinces of [[Lorestan province|Lorestan]], [[Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province|Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad]], [[Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province|Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari]] some western parts of [[Fars province]], and some parts of [[Khuzestan province]].
*[[Achomi language|Achomi]] (or ''Lari''), spoken mainly in southern Iranian provinces of [[Fars province|Fars]] and [[Hormozgan province|Hormozgan]], unlike [[New Persian]] and its variants like [[Dari]], [[Standard Persian]], and [[Iranian Persian]], this is a branch of [[Middle Persian]].<ref name=":62">{{Cite journal |last=Talei |first=Maryam |last2=Rovshan |first2=Belghis |date=2024-10-24 |title=Semantic Network in Lari Language |url=https://zaban.guilan.ac.ir/article_8091.html?lang=en |url-status=live |journal=Persian Language and Iranian Dialects |language=en |doi=10.22124/plid.2024.27553.1673 |issn=2476-6585 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241128033018/https://zaban.guilan.ac.ir/article_8091.html?lang=en |archive-date=2024-11-28 |quote=This descriptive-analytical research examines sense relations between the lexemes of the Lari language, the continuation of the [[Middle Persian]] and one of the endangered Iranian languages spoken in Lar, Fars province}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-16 |title=Western Iranian languages History |url=https://www.destinationiran.com/western-iranian-languages.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241128034127/https://www.destinationiran.com/western-iranian-languages.htm |archive-date=2024-11-28 |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Destination Iran |language=en-US |quote=Achomi or Khodmooni (Larestani) is a southwestern Iranian language spoken in southern Fars province and the Ajam (non-arab) population in Persian Gulf countries such as UAE, Bahrain, and Kuwait. It is a descendant of Middle Persian and has several dialects including Lari, Evazi, Khoni, Bastaki, and more.}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Taherkhani |first=Neda |last2=Ourang |first2=Muhammed |year=2013 |title=A Study of Derivational Morphemes in Lari & Tati as Two Endangered Iranian Languages: An Analytical Contrastive Examination with Persian |url=https://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0911s/008_21547am0911s_38_45.pdf |journal=Journal of American Science |issn=1545-1003 |quote=Lari is of the SW branch of Middle Iranian languages, Pahlavi, in the Middle period of Persian Language Evolution and consists of nine dialects, which are prominently different in pronunciation (Geravand, 2010).  Being a branch of Pahlavi language, Lari has several common features with it as its mother language. The ergative structure (the difference between the conjugation of transitive and intransitive verbs) existing in Lari can be mentioned as such an example. The speech community of this language includes Fars province, Hormozgan Province and some of the Arabic-speaking countries like the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Oman (Khonji, 2010, p. 15).}}</ref>
*[[Tat language (Caucasus)|Tat]], spoken in parts of Azerbaijan, Russia, and Transcaucasia. It is classified as a variety of Persian.<ref>{{harvnb|Windfuhr|1979|p=4}}: "Tat-Persian spoken in the East Caucasus"</ref><ref>V. Minorsky, "Tat" in M. Th. Houtsma et al., eds., The Encyclopædia of Islam: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples, 4 vols. and Suppl., Leiden: Late E.J. Brill and London: Luzac, 1913–38.</ref><ref>V. Minorsky, "Tat" in M. Th. Houtsma et al., eds., The Encyclopædia of Islam: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples, 4 vols. and Suppl., Leiden: Late E.J. Brill and London: Luzac, 1913–38. Excerpt: "Like most Persian dialects, Tati is not very regular in its characteristic features"</ref><ref>C Kerslake, Journal of Islamic Studies (2010) 21 (1): 147–151. excerpt: "It is a comparison of the verbal systems of three varieties of Persian—standard Persian, Tat, and Tajik—in terms of the 'innovations' that the latter two have developed for expressing finer differentiations of tense, aspect, and modality..." [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=+It+is+a+comparison+of+the+verbal+systems+of+three+varieties+of+Persian%E2%80%94standard+Persian%2C+tat%2C+tajik&as_sdt=80000000000000&as_ylo=&as_vis=0] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917055925/http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=+It+is+a+comparison+of+the+verbal+systems+of+three+varieties+of+Persian%E2%80%94standard+Persian%2C+tat%2C+tajik&as_sdt=80000000000000&as_ylo=&as_vis=0|date=17 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Borjian |first1=Habib |title=Tabari Language Materials from Il'ya Berezin's Recherches sur les dialectes persans |journal=Iran & the Caucasus |date=2006 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=243–258 |doi=10.1163/157338406780346005|quote=It embraces Gilani, Talysh, Tabari, Kurdish, Gabri, and the Tati Persian of the Caucasus, all but the last belonging to the north-western group of Iranian language.}}</ref> (This dialect is not to be confused with the [[Tati language (Iran)|Tati language]] of northwestern Iran, which is a member of a different branch of the Iranian languages.)
*[[Judeo-Tat]]. Part of the Tat-Persian continuum, spoken in Azerbaijan, Russia, as well as by immigrant communities in Israel and New York.

More distantly related branches of the [[Iranian languages|Iranian language family]] include Kurdish and [[Balochi language|Balochi]].

The [[Glottolog]] database proposes the following phylogenetic classification:
{{Tree list}}
* Farsic–Caucasian Tat
** Caucasian Tat
*** [[Judeo-Tat]]
*** [[Tat language (Caucasus)|Muslim Tat]] (including Armeno-Tat)
** Farsic
*** Eastern Farsic
**** [[Aimaq dialect|Aimaq]]
**** [[Dari]]
**** [[Dehwari language|Dehwari]]
**** [[Hazaragi dialect|Hazaragi]]
**** [[Pahlavani language|Pahlavani]]
**** Tajikic
***** [[Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)|Bukharic]]
***** [[Tajik language|Tajik]]
*** [[Judeo-Persian]]
*** [[Iranian Persian|Western Farsi]]
{{Tree list/end}}