Editing Parasitism (section)

==== Sexual parasitism ====

{{main|Sexual parasitism}}

A unique approach is seen in some species of [[anglerfish]], such as ''[[Ceratias holboelli]]'', where the males are reduced to tiny [[sexual parasite]]s, wholly dependent on females of their own species for survival, permanently attached below the female's body, and unable to fend for themselves. The female nourishes the male and protects him from predators, while the male gives nothing back except the sperm that the female needs to produce the next generation.<ref name=Pietsch2005>{{cite journal |last=Pietsch |first=Theodore W. |title=Dimorphism, parasitism, and sex revisited: modes of reproduction among deep-sea ceratioid anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes) |journal=Ichthyological Research |date=25 August 2005 |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=207–236 |doi=10.1007/s10228-005-0286-2|bibcode=2005IchtR..52..207P |s2cid=24768783 }}</ref>