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==== Coronaviruses ==== {{Further|2002–2004 SARS outbreak|COVID-19 pandemic}} [[File:Coronavirus virion.jpg|thumb|A generic coronavirus illustration]] [[Coronavirus]] diseases are a family of usually mild illnesses in humans, including those such as the [[common cold]], that have resulted in outbreaks and pandemics such as the [[1889–1890 pandemic|1889-1890 pandemic]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Berche P | title = The enigma of the 1889 Russian flu pandemic: A coronavirus? | journal = Presse Médicale | volume = 51 | issue = 3 | pages = 104111 | date = September 2022 | pmid = 35124103 | pmc = 8813723 | doi = 10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104111 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-02-14 |title=An Undiscovered Coronavirus? The Mystery of the 'Russian Flu' (Published 2022) |work=The New York Times |language=en |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/14/health/russian-flu-coronavirus.html |access-date=2023-07-29 |last1=Kolata |first1=Gina }}</ref> the [[2002–2004 SARS outbreak]], ''[[Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus]]'' and the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. There is widespread concern that members of the coronavirus family, particularly [[SARS]] and MERS have the potential to cause future pandemics.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Heymann D, Ross E, Wallace J |date=23 February 2022 |title=The next pandemic – when could it be? |url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/2022/02/next-pandemic-when-could-it-be |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=Chatham House, The Royal Institute of International Affairs}}</ref> Many human coronaviruses have zoonotic origins, their with natural reservoir in bats or rodents,<ref name=":82">{{cite journal | vauthors = Forni D, Cagliani R, Clerici M, Sironi M | title = Molecular Evolution of Human Coronavirus Genomes | journal = Trends in Microbiology | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 35–48 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 27743750 | pmc = 7111218 | doi = 10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.001 | quote = Specifically, all HCoVs are thought to have a bat origin, with the exception of lineage A beta-CoVs, which may have reservoirs in rodents [2]. }}</ref> leading to concerns for future [[Spillover infection|spillover]] events.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Holmes EC | title = COVID-19-lessons for zoonotic disease | journal = Science | volume = 375 | issue = 6585 | pages = 1114–1115 | date = March 2022 | pmid = 35271309 | doi = 10.1126/science.abn2222 | bibcode = 2022Sci...375.1114H | s2cid = 247384213 }}</ref> Following the end of the COVID-19 pandemic Public Health Emergency of International Concern deceleration by WHO, WHO Director General [[Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus|Tedros Ghebreyesus]] stated he would not hesitate to re-declare COVID-19 a PHEIC should the global situation worsen in the coming months or years.
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