Editing Palestinian Christians (section)

===Arab Orthodox Movement===
{{Main|Arab Orthodox Movement}}
[[File:Second Orthodox Conference in Jaffa, 1931.png|thumb|right|The Second Arab Orthodox Conference held in [[Jaffa]], [[Mandatory Palestine]], on 28 October 1931, with delegates from various Palestinian and Transjordanian cities.]]

The Arab Orthodox Movement is a political and [[social movement]] aiming for the [[Arabization]] of the [[Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem]], the church overseeing [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] communities in Palestine, Israel and Jordan; to which the majority of the Christian population there belongs to.<ref name="jstor1">{{cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879643 |title=The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem and Its Congregation: Dissent over Real Estate |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |accessdate=10 January 2023 |date=4 November 2005 |jstor=3879643 |last1=Katz |first1=Itamar |last2=Kark |first2=Ruth |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=509–534 |doi=10.1017/S0020743805052189 |s2cid=159569868 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326040226/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879643 |url-status=live |issn = 0020-7438 }}</ref>

Within the context of rising [[Arab nationalism]] in the 19th century, the movement was inspired by the successful precedent of the Arabization of Syria and Lebanon's [[Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch|Antioch Patriarchate]] in [[Meletius II of Antioch|1899]]. The movement seeks the appointment of an Arab patriarch, Arab laity control over Jerusalem patriarchate's properties for social and educational purposes, and the use of [[Arabic language|Arabic]] as a [[liturgical language]].{{sfn|Robson|2011|p=77}} Initially a church movement among [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] and [[Transjordan (region)|Transjordan]]'s Orthodox [[Arab Christians]] in the late 19th century, it was later supported as a Palestinian and Arab nationalist cause and championed by some Arab Muslims, owing to the Greek-dominated patriarchate's early support to [[Zionism]].{{sfn|Robson|2011|p=77}}

The Orthodox laity, which is mostly Arab, maintains that the patriarchate was forcibly Hellenized in 1543, while the Greek clergy says that the patriarchate was historically Greek.{{sfn|Robson|2011|p=77}} Opposition to the Greek clergy turned violent in the late 19th century, when they came under physical attack by the Arab laity in the streets. The movement was subsequently focused on holding Arab Orthodox conferences, the first of which was held in [[Jaffa]] in 1923, and most recently in [[Amman]] in 2014. One outcome of the 1923 conference was the laity's establishment of tens of Orthodox churches, clubs and schools in Palestine and Jordan over the decades.<ref name="ACBMP">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KW75wAEACAAJ|title=Arab Christians in British Mandate Palestine: Communalism and Nationalism, 1917-1948|year=2013|page=174|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|first1=Noah|last1=Haiduc-Dale|isbn=9780748676033|accessdate=13 January 2023|doi=10.3366/edinburgh/9780748676033.001.0001|archive-date=14 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114120914/https://books.google.com/books?id=KW75wAEACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> There were historically also several interventions to solve the conflict by the [[Mutassarifate of Jerusalem|Ottoman]], [[Mandatory Palestine|British]] (1920–1948), and [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|Jordanian]] (1948–1967) authorities, owing to the patriarchate's headquarters being located in [[East Jerusalem]].<ref name="SPR">{{cite book|url=|title=European Cultural Diplomacy and Arab Christians in Palestine, 1918–1948: Between Contention and Connection|chapter=Orthodox Clubs and Associations: Cultural, Educational and Religious Networks Between Palestine and Transjordan, 1925–1950|editor-first1=Karène|editor-last1= Sanchez Summerer|editor-first2= Sary|editor-last2= Zananiri|year=2021|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-55540-5_3 |last1=Neveu |first1=Norig |pages=37–62 |isbn=978-3-030-55539-9 |s2cid=229454185|doi-access=free|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan Cham }}</ref>