Editing Pakistan (section)

=== Kashmir conflict ===
{{Main|Kashmir conflict}}
[[File:Kashmir map.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|The areas shown in green are the Pakistani-controlled areas.{{sfn|CIA|1988}}]]
[[Kashmir]], a Himalayan region at the northern tip of the [[Indian subcontinent]], was governed as the autonomous [[princely state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] during the [[British Raj]] before the [[Partition of India]] in August 1947. This sparked a [[Kashmir conflict|major territorial dispute]] between India and Pakistan, resulting in [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|several conflicts]] over the region. India controls about 45.1% of Kashmir, including [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]], while Pakistan controls roughly 38.2%, comprising [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan|Gilgit−Baltistan]]. Additionally, about 20% of the region, known as [[Aksai Chin]] and the [[Trans-Karakoram Tract|Shaksgam Valley]], is under Chinese control.{{sfn|Kudaisya|Yong|2004}} India claims the entire Kashmir region based on the [[Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)|Instrument of Accession]] signed by the princely state's ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh,{{sfn|Zahoor|Rumi|2020}} while Pakistan argues for its Muslim-majority population,{{sfn|Bhattacharyya|2023}} and geographical proximity to Pakistan.{{sfn|Raghavan|2012}} The United Nations was involved in resolving the conflict, leading to a ceasefire in 1949 and the establishment of the [[Line of Control]] (LoC) as a ''de facto'' border.{{sfn|Stone|2017}} India, fearing Kashmir's secession, did not hold the promised plebiscite, as it believed Kashmiris would vote to join Pakistan.{{R|Endrst-1965}}

Pakistan claims that its position is for the right of the [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri people]] to determine their future through impartial elections as mandated by the United Nations, while India has stated that Kashmir is an "[[Akhand Bharat|integral part]]" of India, referring to the [[Simla Agreement|1972 Simla Agreement]] and to the fact that [[Elections in Jammu and Kashmir|regional elections]] take place regularly.{{sfn|Khurshid|2016}} Certain Kashmiri independence groups believe that Kashmir should be independent of both India and Pakistan.{{sfn|Oldenburg|2019}}
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