Editing Orange Group (section)

== Subsidiaries, joint ventures and holdings ==
[[File:France Telecom Marine Rene Descartes p1150247.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|[[Orange Marine]] operates [[cable-laying ship]]s]]

Orange is a communications access provider offering customers access through multiple platforms. The four key platforms Orange operates are:
#fixed line telephone, mainly in France and Poland.
#broadband access.
#mobile phone telephony.
#most recently, [[IPTV]], though currently only in France, Spain, Poland and Slovakia, known as Orange TV.

France Télécom merged the different internal divisions managing each platform and now all operate under the Orange brand.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4635097.stm|title=Wanadoo is to make way for Orange|date=29 June 2005|publisher=BBC News|access-date=6 April 2009}}</ref>

=== Orange Business ===
{{Main|Orange Business}}

Orange is present in the U.S. through its Orange Business division and its venture capital historical partner [[Innovacom]] as well as two R&D labs: one in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] and the other in [[South San Francisco, California]].

[[File:France Telecom Wellington NZ.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|As a result of [[deregulation]], Orange operates phone booths in Wellington, New Zealand.]]

''OpenTransit'' is Orange's backbone network. It covers Europe, the United States, Japan, Hong Kong, and loops back to Paris.

=== BT Group ===
{{Main|BT Group}}

Orange and [[Deutsche Telekom]] merged their UK businesses in 2010 to form a joint venture branded as [[EE (telecommunications)|EE]].<ref name="creation everything everywhere"/> In December 2014, Orange were in talks with BT Group regarding the acquisition of EE for an estimated £12.5&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|author=Simon Goodley and Juliette Garside|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/dec/15/bt-talks-mobile-phone-ee |title=BT in talks to buy mobile phone operator EE for £12.5bn|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> On 5 February 2015, it was announced that BT would be acquiring EE in a £12.5&nbsp;billion deal, in which Orange S.A would take a 4% stake in the BT Group.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/bt-returns-to-mobile-phones-with-125bn-takeover-of-ee-10024907.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/bt-returns-to-mobile-phones-with-125bn-takeover-of-ee-10024907.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |location=London|newspaper=The Independent|first=Simon|last=Neville|title=BT returns to mobile phones with £12.5bn takeover of EE|date=5 February 2015}}</ref> The acquisition of EE was completed on 29 January 2016.

=== Globecast ===
[[Globecast]] is a provider of managed services for the media and broadcast industry, such as TV channel distribution via satellite and Internet, live event production, contribution and distribution services, channel content preparation and playout. [[GlobeCast World TV]] was a brand by Globecast for its north-american direct-to-home satellite broadcast of international channels. In 2012, Globecast also began launching a direct-to-consumer [[Over-the-top content|OTT]] IPTV service called MyGlobeTV in the United States using NetGem set top boxes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globecast.com/globecast-announces-commercial-launch-of-myglobetv-832enp.html |title=GlobeCast Announces Commercial Launch of MyGlobeTV |publisher=GlobeCast |date=1 July 2012 |access-date=21 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311125001/http://www.globecast.com/globecast-announces-commercial-launch-of-myglobetv-832enp.html |archive-date=11 March 2013  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Hunter |first=Philip |url=http://broadcastengineering.com/news/myglobetv-closed-ott-service-launches-us |title=MyGlobeTV 'closed OTT' service launches in U.S. |publisher=Broadcast Engineering |date=9 July 2012 |access-date=21 June 2013}}</ref> The MyGlobeTV service was discontinued In December 2013.<ref>{{cite web<!-- |Extended data for schema purposes --> |url=http://www.rapidtvnews.com/index.php/2013110430635/globecast-to-pull-plug-on-myglobetv-iptv-service.html |title=GlobeCast to pull plug on MyGlobeTV IPTV service |publisher=Rapid TV News |access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref>

===Viaccess Orca===
[[Viaccess Orca]] is a provider of IPTV and OTT TV service platforms and security services. It is headquartered in Paris La Defense. Viaccess-orca acquired Squadeo company in 2017 and is able to supply video secured player. [[Viaccess Orca]] is also involved in content tracking over internet, providing anti-piracy services.

===Orange Labs===
Orange Labs (formerly France Télécom R&D) is the research and development division of Orange.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnet.fr/  |title=Bienvenue au CNET – centre de R&D de France Télécom (archived website) |year=1996 |access-date=3 August 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/19961222130140/http://www.cnet.fr/ |archive-date = 22 December 1996}}</ref><ref name="ebu">{{citation |url=http://tech.ebu.ch/docs/techreview/trev_273-tdf.pdf |title=R&D management, TDF Customer- and product-oriented expertise |year=1997 |author=C. Schwartz, D. Frossard |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref> This division was derived from different previous entities, such as CNET ([[Centre national d'études des télécommunications]]) created in 1944, the [[Centre commun d'études de télévision et télécommunications|CCETT]] created in 1972, as well as other entities.<ref name="cnet2008">{{cite web |url=http://www.cnet.fr/accueil_a.html |title=CNET – a half century of innovation (archived website) |year=2008 |access-date=3 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612081852/http://www.cnet.fr/accueil_a.html |archive-date=12 June 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ccett.fr/eng/01a.htm  |title=Expanding the offer of France Telecom and TDF (archived website) |date=20 April 2001 |access-date=1 August 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010420003358/http://www.ccett.fr/eng/01a.htm |archive-date = 20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ccett.fr/welcome.htm |title=CCETT – Joint Research Center for Broadcast and Telecommunications (archived website) |year=1997 |access-date=1 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970703215943/http://www.ccett.fr/welcome.htm |archive-date=3 July 1997 |url-status=dead  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ebu.ch/fr/technical/trev/trev_287-bookshelf.html |title=EBU Technical Review – Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) |year=2001 |access-date=1 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120053658/http://www.ebu.ch/fr/technical/trev/trev_287-bookshelf.html |archive-date=20 January 2012  }}</ref> In 2007, France Télécom R&D became known as Orange Labs, a global network of R&D entities.<ref name="svc">{{citation |url=http://www.ebu.ch/fr/technical/trev/trev_2008-Q2_svc-kouadio.pdf |title=SVC – a highly-scalable version of H.264/AVC |year=2008 |access-date=1 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120053811/http://www.ebu.ch/fr/technical/trev/trev_2008-Q2_svc-kouadio.pdf |archive-date=20 January 2012  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lemondeinformatique.fr/actualites/lire-france-telecom-retd-devient-orange-labs-21870.html |title=France Telecom R&D devient Orange Labs |author=Olivier Corredo |date=19 January 2007 |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref>

CCETT/France Télécom R&D contributed to various international standards, such as [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]/[[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] [[Moving Picture Experts Group|MPEG]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ccett.fr/audio/c7_audio.htm |title=CCETT – Welcome to the CCETT's MPEG Audio Web Site (archived website) |year=1997 |access-date=1 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970414035829/http://www.ccett.fr/audio/c7_audio.htm |archive-date=14 April 1997 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> and [[Joint Photographic Experts Group|JPEG]] standards or [[Digital Audio Broadcasting|DAB]] and [[Digital Video Broadcasting|DVB]] standards.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.annales.org/ri/2006/fevrier/rannou.pdf |title=Des élaborations collectives – Le pôle de compétitivité – Images & Réseaux |year=2006 |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ride.chiariglione.org/faultline.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122013656/http://ride.chiariglione.org/faultline.htm |title=Riding the Media Bits – MPEG's third steps |author=Leonardo Chiariglione |archive-date=22 January 2011 |date=6 September 2009 |access-date=11 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leonardo.chiariglione.org/projects/vadis/index.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725163747/http://leonardo.chiariglione.org/projects/vadis/index.htm |title=VADIS FINAL PROJECT REPORT |author=Leonardo Chiariglione |archive-date=25 July 2011 |date=17 March 2005 |access-date=11 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T0KSa6w3qH4C&q=ccett%20dab&pg=PA6 |title=Digital audio broadcasting: principles and applications of DAB, DAB+ and DMB |author= Wolfgang Hoeg, Thomas Lauterbach |access-date=1 August 2010|isbn=9780470746196 |date=3 June 2009 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel3/1195/4203/00160472.pdf%3Farnumber%3D160472&authDecision=-203 |title=STERNE: the CCETT proposal for digital television broadcasting |year=1992 |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dvb.org/membership/list_of_members/50237/index.xml?id= |title=DVB Project – List of Members – TDF |access-date=1 August 2010 |archive-date=23 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623165557/https://www.dvb.org/members/list |url-status=dead }}</ref> CCETT, [[Institut für Rundfunktechnik|IRT]] and [[Philips]] developed a digital audio two-channel compression system known as Musicam or [[MPEG-1 Audio Layer II|MPEG Audio Layer II]] ([[Emmy Award]] in Engineering 2000).<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.emmyonline.tv/tech/applications/engineering_award_winners_rev3.pdf |title=National Academey<!--sic--> of Television Arts and Sciences, Outstanding Achievement in Technical/Engineering Development Awards |access-date=1 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414233617/http://www.emmyonline.tv/tech/applications/engineering_award_winners_rev3.pdf |archive-date=14 April 2010  }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Monitoring research 11 September 97 – Analysis; What's new on the DAB front?|date=11 September 1997|publisher=BBC Monitoring|quote=experiments aimed at mobile receivers were first carried out by France's Centre Commun d'Etudes de Telediffusion et Telecommunications (CCETT) in 1984.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ccett.fr/eng/03b2.htm  |title=CCETT – DAB : Digital Audio Broadcasting (archived website) |date=11 February 2001 |access-date=1 August 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010211120613/http://www.ccett.fr/eng/03b2.htm |archive-date = 11 February 2001}}</ref>

In 2010, Orange devoted 1.9% of its revenue, or €845&nbsp;million, to research and development. Since January 2007 Orange has unified its research laboratories and technocentres in the Orange Labs network. {{As of|2010|12|31}} Orange held a portfolio of 7,892 patents, 327 which were filed in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amf-france.org/DocDoif/txtint/RAPOSTPdf/2011/2011-022700.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217013759/http://www.amf-france.org/DocDoif/txtint/RAPOSTPdf/2011/2011-022700.pdf |title=Document de Référence 2010 - p.286 |publisher=France Télécom |archive-date=17 February 2012 |access-date=11 August 2013}}</ref> Orange employs 3,700 people in research and development per year throughout the organisation,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orange.com/fr_FR/innovation/creer/recherche_developpement/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328022826/http://www.orange.com/fr_FR/innovation/creer/recherche_developpement/ |title=La force de la recherche et du développement |language=fr |publisher=Orange |archive-date=28 March 2012 |access-date=11 August 2013}}</ref> including more than 200 doctoral candidates and post-doctorates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orange.com/fr_FR/innovation/partenariats/meilleurs_universites/index.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328163021/http://www.orange.com/fr_FR/innovation/partenariats/meilleurs_universites/index.jsp |title=Une étroite collaboration avec le monde académique |language=fr |publisher=Orange |archive-date=28 March 2012 |access-date=11 August 2013}}</ref> Orange's research and development is based on partnerships with industry, suppliers and operators, universities and schools, academic institutes and research programs such as the following:

{| class="wikitable centre"
|-
! Partner !! Type
|-
| [[China Telecom]] || Supplier and operator
|-
| [[Deutsche Telekom]] || Supplier and operator
|-
| [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] || Academic institute
|-
| [[French National Centre for Scientific Research|CNRS]] || Academic institute
|-
| [[National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control|INRIA]] ||Academic institute
|-
| [[Supélec]] || University/School
|-
| [[IMT Atlantique]]|| University/School
|- 
| [[École Normale Supérieure]] || University/School
|- 
| [[ESSEC Business School|ESSEC]] - Chaire Media & Entertainment || University/School
|- 
| École Normale Supérieure - chaire de cryptologie || University/School
|- 
| [[Paris Descartes University]] - chaire pluridisciplinaire || University/School
|- 
| [[École polytechnique (France)|École polytechnique]] - chaire Innovation et Régulation ||University/School
|-
| [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] || University/School
|-
| Beijing University of Post and Telecom ||  University/School
|- 
| [[Imperial College London]] ||  University/School
|-
| [[Agence Nationale de la Recherche]] || Research program
|}

Two types of infrastructure coexist in Orange's research and development: the research laboratories and the technocentres. The latter are responsible for Orange innovations<ref name="L'Expansion sur la RetD d'Orange"/> and consist of multidisciplinary teams of researchers, engineers, and marketing and sales personnel.

{| class="wikitable sortable centre"
|-
! Type !! City !! Country
|-
| Technocentre || Chatillon || France
|-
| Technocentre || London ||United Kingdom
|-
| Technocentre || Warsaw || Poland
|-
| Technocentre || Amman || Jordan
|-
| R&D || - || Spain
|-
| R&D || San Francisco || United States
|-
| R&D || Beijing || China
|-
| R&D || Cairo || Egypt
|-
| R&D || Tokyo || Japan
|-
| R&D || Issy les Moulineaux || France
|-
| R&D || Caen || France
|-
| R&D || Grenoble || France
|-
| R&D || Rennes || France
|-
| R&D || Lannion || France
|-
| R&D || Sophia Antipolis || France
|-
| R&D || La Turbie || France
|-
| R&D || Belfort || France
|}

===Cityvox===
Cityvox is a network of websites with local content (restaurants, cultural happenings, etc.) created in 1999. Orange purchased the network site in 2008.<ref name="France Telecom achete Cityvox" />

===Deezer===
{{Main|Deezer}}
In late August 2010 Orange acquired an 11% share in the streaming site [[Deezer]]. With this acquisition, the operator offered its subscribers a new "Deezer Premium" option: paid streaming music service with no advertising and 7 million titles.<ref name="Orange entre au capital de Deezer" /> In 2016 Orange sold Deezer to [[Access Industries]], the parent of [[Warner Music Group]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Flanagan |first=Andrew |date=2016-09-08 |title=Warner Music's Parent Company Now In Control of Deezer Following French Approval |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/deezer-access-industries-french-approval-len-blavatnik/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Dailymotion===
{{Main|Dailymotion}}
On 25 January 2011 Orange announced the acquisition of 49% of [[Dailymotion]], a French online video platform, at a cost of €58.8&nbsp;million. The group also secured an option to acquire all of the shares in the platform in 2013.<ref name="Orange prend 49 % de Dailymotion">{{cite web |title=Orange prend 49 % de Dailymotion |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/technologies/article/2011/01/25/orange-prend-49-de-dailymotion_1470100_651865.html |work=lemonde.fr |date=25 January 2011}}</ref> This is indicative of a new strategy by Orange, which seeks to offer a full range of [[multi-screen video]] to its subscribers.<ref name="Orange prend 49 % de Dailymotion"/> In 2015 [[Vivendi]] acquired 90% of Dailymotion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-05 |title=Vivendi raises its stake in Dailymotion « Dailymotion Press |url=http://press.dailymotion.com/?p=1307 |access-date=2024-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905105016/http://press.dailymotion.com/?p=1307 |archive-date=5 September 2015 }}</ref>

===Studio 37===
Created in 2007 {{Interlanguage link|Studio 37|fr|3=Orange studio}} co-produces and acquires films, unlike the [[Canal+ Group]]'s [[StudioCanal]]. The producer [[Frédérique Dumas]] starts the studio, which has an initial budget of 30 million Euros. For its growth, Orange negotiates exclusivity agreements with [[Warner Bros.|Warner]], [[HBO]], Fidélité Films and [[Gaumont Film Company|Gaumont]], ensuring a stream of films for its TV Orange Cinema Series package.<ref name="Partenariat Orange Warner Bros. HBO" /> In 2011, Studio 37 co-produced [[The Artist (film)|The Artist]] which went on to win best picture and four further awards at the 84th Academy Awards. This makes it the first silent film to win an award since the original ceremony in 1929.

===Cloudwatt===
[[Cloudwatt]] is a cloud services provider set up in 2012 by Orange (44%), the French government through [[Caisse des Dépôts]] (33%) and [[Thales Group|Thales]] (22%). In March 2015, Orange acquired all remaining shares of Cloudwatt to strengthen its enterprise cloud services offering.<ref>{{cite press release|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Orange acquires the totality of Cloudwatt|url=http://www.orange.com/en/press/press-releases/press-releases-2015/Orange-acquires-the-totality-of-Cloudwatt|location=Paris|publisher=Orange|date=20 March 2015|access-date=24 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326060158/http://www.orange.com/en/press/press-releases/press-releases-2015/Orange-acquires-the-totality-of-Cloudwatt|archive-date=26 March 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Aire===
In January 2019 Orange acquired a minority shareholding in [[Aire Labs (company)|Aire Labs]], a credit data platform in the [[UK]].<ref>{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= Orange invests in Aire, an innovative fintech company |url= https://telecomdrive.com/orange-digital-ventures-invests-in-aire-an-innovative-fintech-company |location= Paris |publisher= Orange |date= 8 February 2019 |access-date= 8 February 2019}}</ref>

=== SecureData ===
In February 2019 Orange acquired [[UK]] [[cybersecurity]] provider SecureData for an undisclosed sum, merging it with Orange Cyberdefense Division.<ref>{{cite web|title=Orange acquires UK's SecureData|url=https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252456891/Orange-acquires-UKs-SecureData|access-date=29 August 2020|website=ComputerWeekly.com|language=en}}</ref>

=== SecureLink ===
Orange acquired [[SecureLink]], a [[Netherlands]]-based cybersecurity company, in 2019 for [[€]]515 million.<ref>{{cite web|last=Osborne|first=Charlie|title=Orange acquires SecureLink in European enterprise security push|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/orange-acquires-securelink-in-european-enterprise-security-push/|access-date=29 August 2020|website=ZDNet|language=en}}</ref>

=== SUMA Movil ===
In November 2019 [[Orange España]], a subsidiary of Orange, acquired SUMA Móvil Spain from Grupo-Ingenium for an undisclosed sum.<ref>{{cite web|title=Orange España acquires Spanish unit of SUMA Mobile|url=https://www.capacitymedia.com/articles/3824546/orange-espa-a-acquires-spanish-unit-of-suma-mobile|access-date=29 August 2020|website=www.capacitymedia.com|date=21 November 2019|language=en}}</ref>

=== Telekom Romania ===
In early August 2020 Orange reached an agreement with the [[Ministry of Communications and Information Society (Romania)|Ministry of Communications and Information Society]] (MCSI) to purchase [[Telekom Romania]] and establish a new telecommunications entity. As part of this agreement, the Romanian government would own a 20% stake in the new entity, and Orange would take over fixed operations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Orange reaches agreement to take over Deutsche Telekom's fixed operations in Romania|url=https://www.romania-insider.com/orange-agreement-deutsche-telekom-romania|access-date=29 August 2020|website=Romania Insider|date=17 August 2020|language=en}}</ref> The MCSI had first entered talks to sell Telekom Romania in September 2019, when [[Deutsche Telekom]] announced that it was prepared to sell its stake in Telekom Romania to Orange.<ref>{{cite web|title=Orange poised to acquire Telekom Romania stake from OTE|url=https://www.capacitymedia.com/articles/3824289/orange-poised-to-acquire-telekom-romania-stake-from-ote|access-date=29 August 2020|website=www.capacitymedia.com|date=26 September 2019|language=en}}</ref>

=== Future4care ===
In June 2021, Orange partners with [[Sanofi]], [[Capgemini]] and [[Generali Italia|Generali]] to launch Future4care.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tazrout|first=Zacharie|title=Orange, Generali, Sanofi and Capgemini launch Future4care, a start-up accelerator|url=https://www.actuia.com/english/orange-generali-sanofi-and-capgemini-launch-future4care-a-start-up-accelerator/|access-date=7 July 2021|website=Actu IA|date=11 June 2021 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> This all-European start-up accelerator will help develop upcoming companies focused on digital health.<ref>{{cite web|last=Schenker|first=Jennifer L.|date=11 June 2021|title=Future4Care: Four Corporates Team To Make Europe A Global Leader In E-Health|url=https://theinnovator.news/future4care-four-corporates-team-to-make-europe-a-global-leader-in-e-health/|access-date=7 July 2021|website=The Innovator|language=en}}</ref>

=== OpenAI ===
In November, 2024, Orange announced its multi-year partnership with [[OpenAI]] in Europe which will give the French Telecoms access to the pre-release AI models. Orange signed an agreement with both Meta and OpenAI for the purposes of translating regional African languages for the telecom groups. <ref>{{Cite news |date=November 27, 2024 |title=Orange signs deal with OpenAI to get access to pre-release AI models |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/orange-signs-deal-with-openai-get-access-pre-release-ai-models-2024-11-27/}}</ref>