Editing Octopus (section)

===Intelligence===
{{Main |Cephalopod intelligence}}

[[File:Oktopus opening a container with screw cap 02 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Octopus opening a container by unscrewing its cap|alt=A captive octopus with two arms wrapped around the cap of a plastic container]]

Octopuses are highly [[intelligence|intelligent]].<ref name="doug">{{cite journal |url=https://www.nwf.org/Magazines/National-Wildlife/1997/Armed-But-Not-Dangerous |title=Armed but not dangerous: Is the octopus really the invertebrate intellect of the sea |first=Doug |last=Stewart |journal=National Wildlife |year=1997 |volume=35 |issue=2}}</ref> [[Maze]] and [[problem solving|problem-solving]] experiments have shown evidence of a memory system that can store both [[short-term memory|short-]] and [[long-term memory]].<ref name="Zarrella Ponte Baldascino Fiorito 2015">{{cite journal |last1=Zarrella |first1=Ilaria |last2=Ponte |first2=Giovanna |last3=Baldascino |first3=Elena |last4=Fiorito |first4=Graziano |title=Learning and memory in Octopus vulgaris: a case of biological plasticity |journal=Current Opinion in Neurobiology |volume=35 |year=2015 |issn=0959-4388 |doi=10.1016/j.conb.2015.06.012 |pages=74–79|pmid=26186237 |s2cid=31682363 }}</ref> In laboratory experiments, octopuses can readily be trained to distinguish between different shapes and patterns. They have been reported to practise [[observational learning]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2796607.stm |title=Octopus intelligence: Jar opening |work=BBC News |date=25 February 2003 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> although the validity of these findings is contested.<ref name="doug"/>  The [[veined octopus]] collects discarded [[coconut]] shells, then uses them to build a shelter, an example of [[tool use by animals|tool use]].<ref name=Finn>{{Cite journal |pmid=20064403 |year=2009 |last1=Finn |first1=J. K. |title=Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus |journal=Current Biology |volume=19 |issue=23 |pages=R1069–70 |last2=Tregenza |first2=T. |last3=Norman |first3=M. D. |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2009.10.052|s2cid=26835945 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2009CBio...19R1069F }}</ref> Octopuses have also been observed in what has been described as [[play (animal behaviour)|play]]: including moving around a bottle by jetting water at it.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mather |first1=J. A. |last2=Anderson |first2=R. C. |year=1998 |title=What behavior can we expect of octopuses? |website=The Cephalopod Page |editor1-last=Wood |editor1-first=J. B. |url=http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/behavior.php |access-date=22 October 2006 |archive-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005135515/http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/behavior.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Octopuses often break out of aquariums and sometimes into others in search of food.<ref name="Wood Anderson">{{cite journal |url=http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/_pdf/2004Escape.pdf |title=Interspecific Evaluation of Octopus Escape Behavior |date=2004 |journal=Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |pages=95–106 |volume=7 |number=2 |access-date=11 September 2015 |doi=10.1207/s15327604jaws0702_2 |pmid=15234886 |last1=Wood |first1=J. B |last2=Anderson |first2=R. C |citeseerx=10.1.1.552.5888 |s2cid=16639444 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |chapter-url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=lD8DAAAAQAAJ |page=38}} |title=Aquarium Notes – The Octopus; or, the "devil-fish" of fiction and of fact |last=Lee |first=Henry |chapter=V: The octopus out of water |date=1875 |publisher=Chapman and Hall |oclc=1544491 |location=London |access-date=11 September 2015 |pages=38–39 |quote=The marauding rascal had occasionally issued from the water in his tank, and clambered up the rocks, and over the wall into the next one; there he had helped himself to a young lump-fish, and, having devoured it, returned demurely to his own quarters by the same route, with well-filled stomach and contented mind.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/13/the-great-escape-inky-the-octopus-legs-it-to-freedom-from-new-zealand-aquarium?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other |title=The great escape: Inky the octopus legs it to freedom from aquarium |last=Ainge Roy |first=Eleanor |date=14 April 2016 |work=The Guardian (Australia)}}</ref> Evidence indicates that octopuses have [[sentience]] and can feel [[Pain in animals|pain]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Henriques |first=Martha |date=25 July 2022 |title=The mysterious inner life of the octopus |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20220720-do-octopuses-feel-pain |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref>