Editing Nuremberg trials (section)

==Legacy==
[[File:Benjamin Ferencz - Chief Prosecutor in 1947 Einsatzgruppen Trial - In Courtroom 600 Where Nuremberg Trials Were Held - Palace of Justice - Nuremberg-Nurnberg - Germany - 01.jpg|thumb|[[Ben Ferencz|Benjamin Ferencz]], chief prosecutor of the [[Einsatzgruppen trial|''Einsatzgruppen'' trial]], in the [[Palace of Justice, Nuremberg|Palace of Justice]] courtroom, 2012|upright]]
The International Military Tribunal, and its charter, "marked the true beginning of [[international criminal law]]".{{sfn|Sayapin|2014|p=148}} The trial has met a mixed reception ranging from glorification to condemnation.{{sfn|Priemel|2016|p=vi}} The reaction was initially predominantly negative, but has become more positive over time.{{sfn|Sellars|2010|p=1091}}

The selective prosecution exclusively of the defeated Axis and hypocrisy of all four Allied powers has garnered the most persistent criticism. Such actions as the German–Soviet pact,{{sfn|Sellars|2013|p=172}}{{sfn|Priemel|2016|pp=148, 343, 402}} the [[expulsion of Germans|expulsion of millions of Germans from central and eastern Europe]],{{sfn|Tomuschat|2006|pp=833–834}} deportation of civilians for forced labor,{{sfn|Hirsch|2020|pp=205, 348}} and violent suppression of anti-colonial uprisings would have been deemed illegal according to the definitions of international crimes in the Nuremberg charter.{{sfn|Priemel|2016|p=343}} Another controversy resulted from trying defendants for acts that were not criminal at the time,{{sfn|Sellars|2010|p=1089}} particularly crimes against peace.{{sfn|Sellars|2010|p=1089}}{{sfn|Tomuschat|2006|p=834}} Equally novel but less controversial were crimes against humanity, the conspiracy charge, and criminal penalties on individuals for breaches of international law.{{sfn|Sellars|2013|p=137}} Besides these criticisms, the trials have been taken to task for the distortion that comes from fitting historical events into legal categories.{{sfn|Priemel|2016|pp=402, 417}}

The [[International Military Tribunal for the Far East]] (Tokyo Trial) borrowed many of its ideas from the IMT, including all four charges, and was intended by the [[Truman Administration]] to shore up the IMT's legal legacy.{{sfn|Sellars|2013|p=172}}{{sfn|Priemel|2016|p=412}} On 11 December 1946, the [[United Nations General Assembly]] unanimously passed a resolution affirming "the principles of international law recognized by the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and the judgment of the Tribunal".{{sfn|Tomuschat|2006|p=837}} In 1950, the [[International Law Commission]] drafted the [[Nuremberg principles]] to codify international criminal law, although the Cold War prevented the adoption of these principles until the 1990s.{{sfn|Sellars|2013|p=175}}{{sfn|Weinke|2006|p=117}} The 1948 [[Genocide Convention]] was much more restricted than Lemkin's original concept and its effectiveness was further limited by Cold War politics.{{sfn|Weinke|2006|p=117}}{{sfn|Priemel|2016|p=411}} In the 1990s, a revival of international criminal law included the establishment of [[ad hoc international criminal tribunals|''ad hoc'' international criminal tribunals]] for [[International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] (ICTY) and [[International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda|Rwanda]] (ICTR), which were widely viewed as part of the legacy of the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials. A permanent [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC), proposed in 1953, was established in 2002.{{sfn|Priemel|2016|p=7}}{{sfn|Mouralis|2019|p=207}}{{sfn|Sellars|2013|p=290}}

The trials were the first use of [[simultaneous interpretation]], which stimulated technical advances in translation methods.{{sfn|Acquaviva|2011|p=896}}{{sfn|Hirsch|2020|p=114}} The Palace of Justice houses a museum on the trial and the courtroom became a tourist attraction, drawing 13,138 visitors in 2005.{{sfn|Sharples|2013|p=31}} The IMT is one of the most well-studied trials in history, and it has also been the subject of an abundance of books and scholarly publications, along with motion pictures such as ''[[Judgment at Nuremberg]]'' (1961) and ''[[The Memory of Justice]]'' (1976).{{sfn|Priemel|2016|p=16}}{{sfn|Sharples|2013|pp=31–32}}
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