Editing Nigger (section)

===Denotational extension===
{{Anchor|Sand nigger}}
[[File:02 05 03 Die Arab Sand.jpg|thumb|"Die Arab sand-niggers", graffiti by far-right Israeli [[Kach]] activists on a [[State of Palestine|Palestinian]] home in [[Hebron]]  in 2002<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-08-22 |title=CPTnet May Releases: HEBRON UPDATE: April 29-May 3, 2002 |url=http://www.prairienet.org/cpt/archives/2002/may02/0009.html |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020822104737/http://www.prairienet.org/cpt/archives/2002/may02/0009.html |archive-date=August 22, 2002 }}</ref>]]

The [[denotation]]s of ''nigger'' also include non-black/non-white and other disadvantaged people. Some of these terms are self-chosen, to identify with the oppression and resistance of black Americans; others are [[ethnic slur]]s used by outsiders.

[[Jerry Farber]]'s 1967 essay collection, ''[[The Student as Nigger]]'', used the word as a metaphor for what he saw as the role forced on students. Farber had been, at the time, frequently arrested as a civil rights activist while beginning his career as a literature professor.

In his 1968 autobiography ''[[White Niggers of America]]: The Precocious Autobiography of a Quebec "Terrorist"'', [[Pierre Vallières]], a {{lang|fr|italic=no|[[Front de libération du Québec]]}} leader, refers to the oppression of the [[Québécois (word)|Québécois people]] in North America.

In 1969, in the course of being interviewed by the British magazine ''[[Nova (UK magazine)|Nova]]'', artist [[Yoko Ono]] said "woman is the nigger of the world"; three years later, her husband, [[John Lennon]], published the song [[Woman Is the Nigger of the World|of the same name]]—about the worldwide phenomenon of discrimination against women—which was socially and politically controversial to US sensibilities.

''Sand nigger'', an ethnic slur against Arabs, and ''timber nigger'' and ''prairie nigger'', ethnic slurs against Native Americans, are examples of the racist extension of ''nigger'' upon other non-white peoples.<ref name="Kennedy">{{Cite journal |title=Who Can Say 'Nigger'? And Other Considerations |first=Randall L. |last=Kennedy |author-link=Randall Kennedy |journal=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education |issue=26 |date=Winter 1999–2000 |pages=86–96 [87] |jstor=2999172 |doi=10.2307/2999172}}</ref>

In 1978, singer [[Patti Smith]] used the word in "[[Rock N Roll Nigger]]". One year later in 1979, English singer [[Elvis Costello]] used the phrase "[[white nigger]]" in his song "[[Oliver's Army]]". The slur usually remains uncensored on radio stations, but Costello's usage of the word came under scrutiny, particularly after he used racial slurs during a drunken argument with [[Stephen Stills]] and [[Bonnie Bramlett]] in 1979. In the same year, Costello's father published a letter in ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' defending his son against accusations of racism, stating "Nothing could be further from the truth. My own background has meant that I am passionately opposed to any form of prejudice based on religion or race&nbsp;... His mother comes from the tough multiracial area of [[Liverpool]], and I think she would still beat the tar out of him if his orthodoxy were in doubt".<ref name="McManus">{{cite magazine |last=McManus |first=Ross |date=June 14, 1979 |title=Elvis Costello |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |location=New York City}}</ref> 

Historian [[Eugene Genovese]], noted for bringing a [[Marxist]] perspective to the study of power, class and relations between planters and slaves in the South, uses the word pointedly in ''The World the Slaveholders Made'' (1988).
{{blockquote|For reasons common to the slave condition all slave classes displayed a lack of industrial initiative and produced the famous Lazy Nigger, who under Russian serfdom and elsewhere was white. Just as not all Blacks, even under the most degrading forms of slavery, consented to become niggers, so by no means all or even most of the niggers in history have been Black.}}

[[Oberon Zell-Ravenheart#Green Egg|The editor]] of ''[[Green Egg]]'', a magazine described in ''The [[Encyclopedia of American Religions]]'' as a significant periodical, published an essay entitled "Niggers of the New Age". This argued that [[Neopaganism|Neo-Pagans]] were treated badly by other parts of the [[New Age]] movement.<ref>{{cite book |last1=G'Zell |first1=Otter |title=Green Egg Omelette: An Anthology of Art and Articles from the Legendary Pagan Journal |date=2009 |page=209 |publisher=New Page Books |isbn=978-1601630469}}</ref>