Editing My Lai massacre (section)

==Cultural representations==
===Music===
* Over 100 songs were released about the My Lai massacre and Lt. William Calley, identified by the [[Vietnam War Song Project]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brummer |first1=Justin |title=The Vietnam War: A History in Song |url=https://www.historytoday.com/miscellanies/vietnam-war-history-song |website=History Today |access-date=21 August 2020}}</ref> During the war years (from 1969 to 1973), pro-Calley songs outnumbered anti-Calley songs 2–1, according to the research collected by Justin Brummer, the founding editor of the Vietnam War Song Project.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brosnahan |first1=Cori |title=Music of My Lai |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/my-lai-music-of-my-lai/ |website=PBS |access-date=21 August 2020}}</ref> All the songs in the post-war era were critical of the actions of Calley and his platoon. Commercially, the most successful song was "[[The Battle Hymn of Lt. Calley]]" by [[Terry Nelson (musician)|Terry Nelson]], which peaked at No. 37 in the [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']] Hot 100 on 1 May 1971, selling over 1&nbsp;million records.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Billboard Hot 100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-wgEAAAAMBAJ&q=terry+nelson+battle+hymn+of+lt+calley&pg=RA1-PA56 |magazine=Billboard |date = May 1971|access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> Despite its success, [[Tex Ritter]] cancelled his cover of the song because his record label, [[Capitol Records|Capitol]], viewed it as controversial.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Cap Nixes Disk; Seeks Not to Glorify Calley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rggEAAAAMBAJ&q=william+calley&pg=PA38 |magazine=Billboard |date = June 19, 1971|access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> John Deer's cover of the song bubbled under the [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']] Hot 100 on 1 May 1971, at No. 114.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Bubbling Under the Hot 100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-wgEAAAAMBAJ&q=john+deere+the+battle+hymn+of+lt+calley&pg=RA1-PA47 |magazine=Billboard |date = May 1971|access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref>
* In 1971 American composer [[Arnold Rosner]] wrote an extended symphonic work entitled ''A My Lai Elegy''. It received its premiere by the [[Colorado Symphony]] under the direction of Carl Topilow in 1974. The work was recorded by [[Toccata Classics]] in 2024, in a performance by the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] under the direction of [[Nick Palmer]]. 
* In 2016, ''Mỹ Lai'', an operatic account about the massacre was created by composer [[Jonathan Berger]] and libretto by [[Harriet Scott Chessman]] and performed by the [[Kronos Quartet]], along with tenor Rinde Eckert and {{lang|vi|[[đàn tranh]]}} instrumentalist [[Vanessa Vo|Vân-Ánh Vanessa Võ]]; centering on the experiences of the helicopter pilot Hugh Thompson's intervention in stopping further bloodshed on the civilians.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kronosquartet.org/recordings/detail/my-lai/|title=Kronos Quartet: Mỹ Lai|website= kronosquartet.org|date= August 16, 2023}}</ref> The opera made its world premiere at the [[Harris Theater (Chicago)|Harris Theater]] in Chicago on January 29, 2016 and received wide critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Oestreich |first1=James R. |title=Review: Kronos Quartet Revisits Vietnam Horror in 'My Lai'|work=The New York Times |date=28 September 2017 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/28/arts/music/my-lai-review-vietnam-kronos-quartet.html|access-date=28 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Swed |first1=Mark |title= Review: My Lai massacre, 50 years later: Jonathan Berger's opera captures the madness |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-et-cm-kronos-my-lai-review-20180312-story.html|website= [[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=von Rhein |first1=John |title= Gripping monodrama 'My Lai' evokes dark moment of Vietnam War |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/ct-my-lai-review-ent-0201-20160130-column.html|website= chicagotribune.com|date=February 2016 |access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref> The album recording was released on March 16, 2022 on the fifty-fourth anniversary of the massacre, including the fiftieth anniversary founding of the Kronos Quartet.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://folkways.si.edu/news-and-press/kronos-quartet-my-lai/|title=On Opera 'Mỹ Lai,' Kronos Quartet Present a Dramatic Score Emphasizing the Bleakness and Horror of the Vietnam War |website= folkways.si.edu|date= March 16, 2022}}</ref>

===On television, film and video===
* In the third season of ''[[Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)|Hawaii Five-O]]'', the episode "[[Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series, season 3)|To Kill or Be Killed]]", aired on January 13, 1971, has a highly decorated army officer relate events alluding to the massacre just prior to committing suicide.
* The 1971 documentary short ''[[Interviews with My Lai Veterans]]'' won the [[43rd Academy Awards|Academy Award for Best Documentary, Short Subjects]]. In it, five American soldiers discussed their participation in the massacres.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0065894 ''Interviews with My Lai Veterans'' (1971)], IMDb; accessed 21 May 2023.</ref>{{better source needed|reason=IMDb is [[WP:RS/P|not a reliable source]]|date=May 2024}}
* In 1971, CBS ''[[60 Minutes]]'' correspondent Morley Safer visits the village for a segment "My Lai Revisited" broadcast on April 13, 1971.<ref name="CBS-News-2016a">{{cite news |title=My Lai Revisited |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/my-lai-revisited/ |work=CBS News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506012731/http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/my-lai-revisited/ |archive-date=2016-05-06}}</ref>
* In 1975, [[Stanley Kramer]] and Lee Bernhard directed a docudrama, ''Judgment: The Court Martial of Lieutenant William Calley'', with [[Tony Musante]] as Lieutenant Calley, and [[Harrison Ford]] as Frank Crowder.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0145012/|title=Judgment: The Court Martial of Lieutenant William Calley (TV Movie 1975) |website=IMDb}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=IMDb is [[WP:RS/P|not a reliable source]]|date=May 2024}}
* On 2 May 1989, the British television station [[ITV Yorkshire|Yorkshire Television]] broadcast the documentary ''[[Four Hours in My Lai]]'', directed by Kevin Sim, as part of the networked series ''[[First Tuesday (documentary strand)|First Tuesday]]''. Using eyewitness statements from both Vietnamese and Americans, the programme revealed new evidence about the massacre. The program was subsequently aired by PBS in the United States on 23 May as ''Remember My Lai'' (''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]'', Season 7).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/programs/transcripts/714.html|title=Remember My Lai|website=[[PBS]] |access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=6 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506072757/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/programs/transcripts/714.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* In 1994, a video film ''My Lai Revisited'' was aired on ''[[60 Minutes]]'' by CBS.<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7423030n "My Lai Revisited"]. ''60 Minutes''. CBS. Accessed 23 February 2018.</ref>
* Photography of the massacre is shown on screen and discussed in a philosophical context in Abel Ferrara's 1995 horror film ''[[The Addiction]]''.
* On 15 March 2008, the [[BBC]] broadcast the documentary ''The My Lai Tapes''<ref>{{cite AV media|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/1968/mylai.shtml|title=The My Lai Tapes, 1968 Myth or Reality|publisher=BBC Radio 4|date=15 March 2008|access-date=18 June 2011}}</ref> on Radio 4 and subsequently on the [[BBC World Service]], in both English<ref>{{cite AV media|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/documentaries/2008/04/080327_mylai_partone.shtml|title=The My Lai Tapes (audio file in English) |publisher=BBC|access-date=18 June 2011}}</ref> and Vietnamese,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/vietnam/story/2008/05/080502_mylaitapes.shtml|title=The My Lai Tapes (audio file and transcript in Vietnamese)|publisher=BBC|access-date=18 June 2011}}</ref> that used never-before-heard audio recordings of testimony taken at [[The Pentagon]] during the 1969–70 Peers's Inquiry.
* On 26 April 2010, the American [[PBS]] broadcast a documentary as part of its ''[[American Experience]]'' series, entitled ''[[My Lai (film)|The American Experience: My Lai]]''.<ref name="AmEx">{{cite episode|title=My Lai|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/mylai|series= American Experience|network=PBS|station=WGBH|location= Boston|airdate=26 April 2010}}</ref>
* On 10 December 2010, Italian producer Gianni Paolucci released a movie entitled ''My Lai Four'',<ref>{{YouTube|a8H-CBjeXns|My Lai Four 2009}}</ref> directed by Paolo Bertola, starring American actor Beau Ballinger as Calley, and adapted from the [[Pulitzer Prize]]–winning book by Seymour Hersh.<ref>Cigognini, Carla, [http://www.cineblog.it/post/25943/my-lai-four-foto-trailer-e-locandina-del-film-di-paolo-bertola "My Lai Four – Foto, trailer e locandina del film di Paolo Bertola"], cineblog.it, 9 December 2010.</ref>
* Episode 8 of Ken Burns' 2017 documentary series ''[[The Vietnam War (TV series)|The Vietnam War]]'' relates to these events.
*In 2018, ''My Lai Inside'', a documentary by Christoph Felder was released<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mylai-film.jimdofree.com/english-version-vod/|title=My Lai Inside|access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref>
* The video game ''[[Mafia III]]'' has a post-ending cutscene where one of the main character, John Donovan, mentions his time in the Vietnam war, and that he had to mutilate a woman for someone to speak, possibly a reference to the massacre as the year the game takesplace is the same as the massacre.

===In theater===
''[[The Lieutenant (musical)|The Lieutenant]]'' is a 1975 Broadway rock opera that concerns the Mỹ Lai massacre and resulting courts martial. It was nominated for four Tony Awards including Best Musical and Best Book of a Musical.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/tonyawardsshowinfo.php?showname=The%20Lieutenant|title=The Lieutenant|website=Broadway World|access-date=22 February 2019}}</ref>

===Photography===
The Mỹ Lai massacre, like many other events in Vietnam, was captured on camera by U.S.&nbsp;Army personnel. The most published and graphic images were taken by [[Ronald Haeberle]], a U.S. Army Public Information Detachment photographer who accompanied the men of Charlie Company that day.<ref>Frascina, Francis, ''Art, Politics, and Dissent: Aspects of the Art Left in Sixties America'', pp. 175–86.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>

In 2009, Haeberle said that he destroyed a number of photographs he took during the massacre. Unlike the photographs of the dead bodies, the destroyed photographs depicted Americans in the actual process of murdering Vietnamese civilians.<ref>{{cite web|title=Photographic Evidence of the Massacre at My Lai|website=[[PBS]]|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/photo-gallery/mylai-massacre-evidence|access-date=23 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=My Lai photographer Ron Haeberle admits he destroyed pictures of soldiers in the act of killing|url=http://blog.cleveland.com/pdextra/2009/11/post_25.html|work=Cleveland Plain Dealer Extra|date=20 November 2009|access-date=23 February 2018}}</ref> According to M.&nbsp;Paul Holsinger, the ''[[And babies]]'' poster, which used a Haeberle photo, was "easily the most successful poster to vent the outrage that so many felt about the human cost of the conflict in Southeast Asia. Copies are still frequently seen in retrospectives dealing with the popular culture of the Vietnam War era or in collections of art from the period."<ref name=holsinger>{{cite book |author=M. Paul Holsinger |chapter=And Babies |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oe4AOVHkJ9oC&pg=PA363 |title=War and American Popular Culture |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1999 |page=363|isbn=9780313299087 }}</ref>

Another soldier, John Henry Smail of the 3rd Platoon, took at least 16 color photographs depicting U.S.&nbsp;Army personnel, helicopters, and aerial views of Mỹ Lai.<ref>Bilton, Michael, and Kevin Sim. ''Four Hours in My Lai: A War Crime and Its Aftermath''. London: Viking, 1992.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/cats/mylai/xf60-01-.htm |title=LHCMA Catalogue: Papers of ''Four Hours in My Lai'' television documentary archive, 1964–1992 |publisher=King's College, London|access-date=18 June 2011}}</ref> These, along with Haeberle's photographs, were included in the "Report of the Department of the Army review of the Preliminary Investigations into the My Lai Incident".<ref>{{cite report |last=Peers |first=William R. |author-link=William R. Peers |date=14 March 1970 |title=Report of the Department of the Army Review of the Preliminary Investigations into the My Lai Incident |volume=I |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/llmlp/RDAR-Vol-I/RDAR-Vol-I.pdf |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |lccn=97042604}}</ref> Former First Lieutenant (1LT) Roger L. Alaux Jr., a forward artillery observer, who was assigned to Charlie Company during the combat assault on Mỹ Lai 4,<ref>
{{cite news |agency=United Press International |date=12 January 1971 |title=Psychiatrist backs Hutto defense |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Y8VWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9EENAAAAIBAJ&pg=2034,639101 |work=The News-Dispatch |location=Fort McPherson}}</ref> also took some photographs from a helicopter that day, including aerial views of Mỹ Lai, and of the Charlie Company's landing zone.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}
<gallery>
File:Dead woman from the My Lai massacre.jpg|Mrs. Nguyễn Thị Tẩu (chín Tẩu), killed by U.S. soldiers
File:Dead man from the My Lai massacre.jpg|Unidentified dead Vietnamese man
File:MyLai Haeberle P37 BodyInWell.jpg|The corpse of Mr. Truong Tho (72) thrown down a well<!--source for victim's name: photo of a plaque at the memorial according to a photo on Google maps https://www.google.de/maps/place/Son+My+Vestige+Site/@15.1768507,108.872822,3a,48.1y/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipPZXN-onSSnObX4-y39Er57TTkzWmuTB8PMEUK0!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPZXN-onSSnObX4-y39Er57TTkzWmuTB8PMEUK0%3Dw203-h135-k-no!7i1620!8i1080!4m7!3m6!1s0x31684dbdd5ce14ef:0x327510b46ba7eca2!8m2!3d15.1768507!4d108.8728156!10e5!16s%2Fg%2F11b7f_9xtp -->
File:Burningdwelling2.jpg|SP5 Capezza burning a dwelling
File:Haeberlewounded.jpg|PFC Mauro, PFC Carter, and SP4 Widmer (Carter shot himself in the foot with a .45 pistol during the My Lai massacre.)
File:Haeberlehutonfire.jpg|SP4 Dustin setting fire to a dwelling
File:Mylaiman.jpg|Unidentified Vietnamese man
File:Deadwoman2.jpg|Victims at Mỹ Lai
</gallery>

===Historical memorials===
[[File: Vietnam - Hanoi - War Remnants Museum - Haeberle.JPG |thumb|upright 1.2|Visitors to the War Remnants Museum view enlarged photos of the massacre by Ronald Haeberle.]]

====Ho Chi Minh City====
The massacre is memorialized at two locations within Vietnam. The first is in Ho Chi Minh City at the [[War Remnants Museum]], which contains exhibits relating to the [[First Indochina War]] and the [[Second Indochina War]] (the Vietnam War in the United States). This museum is the most popular museum in the city, attracting approximately half a million visitors every year.<ref>{{cite web |title=When the Whole Village Died – My Lai Massacre |url=https://www.roughguides.com/vietnam/ho-chi-minh-city-and-around/?redirect_ng |date=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Rough Guides |access-date=2023-06-18 |quote=This museum is the city's most popular attraction but not for the faint-hearted. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Introduction general |url=https://warremnantsmuseum.com/posts/introduction-general |date=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=War Remnants Museum |access-date=2023-06-18 }}</ref> A number of Haeberle's photos are displayed in the museum along with other artifacts and information about the massacre.

====Sơn Mỹ====
[[File:Monument of the My Lai Massacre (2).jpg|thumb|left|Monument of the My Lai Massacre in Sơn Mỹ, Vietnam]]
The second is the Sơn Mỹ Memorial Museum which is located at the site of the massacre and includes the remains of the village of Sơn Mỹ in Quảng Ngãi Province.<ref>{{cite web |title=My Lai: Ghosts in another Vietnam wall |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/my-lai-massacre-vietnam-memorial-intl-hnk/index.html |first=Brad |last=Lendon |date=2021-03-21 |publisher=CNN Travel |access-date=2023-06-18 |quote=The pictures, taken by a US Army combat photographer, were horrifying. Piles of bodies, looks of terror on Vietnamese faces as they stared at certain death, a man shoved down a well, homes set ablaze. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=When the Whole Village Died – My Lai Massacre |url= https://whattawowworld.com/en/feelings/my-lai-massacre-mass-slaughter-vietnamese-civilians/ |date=<!--Not stated--> |website=What a Wow World |access-date=2023-06-18 }}</ref> A large black marble plaque just inside the entrance to the museum lists the names of all 504 civilians killed by the American troops, including "17 pregnant women and 210 children under the age of 13."<ref name="SmithsonianMag">{{cite magazine |title=The Ghosts of My Lai |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/ghosts-my-lai-180967497/ |first=Shaun |last=Raviv |date=January 2018 |magazine=Smithsonian Magazine |access-date=2023-06-26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Bearing Witness to the Inhuman at Mỹ Lai: Museum, Ritual, Pilgrimage  |url=https://www.asianetworkexchange.org/article/id/7847/ |first=R |last=Tamashiro |date=2018 |publisher=ASIANetwork Exchange |journal=ASIANetwork Exchange: A Journal for Asian Studies in the Liberal Arts |volume=25 |pages=60–79 |doi=10.16995/ane.267 |access-date=2023-06-18 |doi-access=free }}</ref> A number of enlarged versions of Haeberle's photos are shown inside the museum.<ref name="SaigonNews">{{cite news |title=Photos of Son My massacre to be displayed again |url=https://en.sggp.org.vn/photos-of-son-my-massacre-to-be-displayed-again-post100796.html |date=2023-03-11 |work=Saigon News |access-date=2023-06-18 }}</ref> The images are dramatically backlit in color and share the central back wall with a life-size recreation of American soldiers "rounding up and shooting cowering villagers."<ref>{{cite web |title=Remembering the Unforgettable: The Memorial at My Lai |url=https://castle.eiu.edu/studiesonasia/documents/seriesIII/Vol%204%20No%201/s3v4n1_Kucera.pdf |first=Karil |last=Kucera |date=2008 |publisher=Studies on Asia |website=castle.eiu.edu |access-date=2023-06-18 }}</ref> The museum also celebrates American heroes, including [[Ronald Ridenhour]] who first exposed the killings, as well as [[Hugh Thompson Jr.|Hugh Thompson]] and [[Lawrence Colburn]] who intervened to save a number of villagers.<ref name="SmithsonianMag"/>

{{multiple image
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 | image1 = My Lai massacre - two children on a trail - close up 01.jpg

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 | header = Duc Tran Van protecting his sister Thu Ha Tran in photo and statue
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At the center of the museum grounds, which is at the heart of the destroyed village, is a large stone monument. The two children to the lower right in the sculpture are modeled on the two children in one of Haeberle's photos, often called "Two Children on a Trail".<ref>{{cite web |title=Tale of children who survived My Lai massacre falls on deaf ears |url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/life/culture/tale-of-children-who-survived-my-lai-massacre-falls-on-deaf-ears-3925046.html |author=Sen |date=2019-05-17 |publisher=VN Express |website=e.vnexpress.net |access-date=2023-06-18 |quote=As Tran Van Duc and his sister Tran Thi Ha escaped from the armed men carrying out a grisly massacre, a helicopter flew low over them. Duc threw himself on his sister to protect her. Ronald L. Haeberle, a combat photographer on duty Vietnam, captured that moment. }}</ref> The two siblings were shot and wounded, but survived.

Some American veterans choose to go on pilgrimage to the site of the massacre to heal and reconcile.<ref>Becker, Carol. [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3558488?uid=3739864&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21102588830241 "Pilgrimage to My Lai: Social Memory and the Making of Art"], ''Art Journal'', Vol. 62, No. 4, Winter, 2003.</ref>

====Mỹ Lai Peace Park====
On the 30th anniversary of the massacre, 16 March 1998, a groundbreaking ceremony for the Mỹ Lai Peace Park was held {{convert|1|mi|km|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} away from the site of the massacre. Veterans, including [[Hugh Thompson Jr.]] and [[Lawrence Colburn]] from the helicopter rescue crew, attended the ceremony. Mike Boehm,<ref>Westfall, Marilyn. [http://thehumanist.org/march-april-2009/the-humanitarian-impulse-not-%E2%80%9Cgod%E2%80%99s-work%E2%80%9D-for-this-veteran "The Humanitarian Impulse: Not 'God's Work' for this Veteran"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829215439/http://thehumanist.org/march-april-2009/the-humanitarian-impulse-not-%E2%80%9Cgod%E2%80%99s-work%E2%80%9D-for-this-veteran|date=29 August 2013}} ''The Humanist: A Magazine of Critical Inquiry and Social Concern'', March/April 2009.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref> a veteran who was instrumental in the peace park effort, said, "We cannot forget the past, but we cannot live with anger and hatred either. With this park of peace, we have created a green, rolling, living monument to peace."<ref name="CNN, March 16, 1998"/>

On 16 March 2001, the Mỹ Lai Peace Park was dedicated, a joint venture of the Quảng Ngãi Province Women's Union, the Madison Quakers' charitable organization, and the Vietnamese government.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120426132721/http://www.mylaipeacepark.org/peace-parks Our Projects: Mỹ Lai Peace Park], Mylaipeacepark.org; accessed 23 February 2018.</ref>