Editing Music (section)

== Art and entertainment ==
[[File:Khatia Buniatishvilli08 (48467004567).jpg|thumb|[[Khatia Buniatishvili]] playing a [[grand piano]]]]
Music is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment product for the marketplace. When music was only available through [[sheet music]] scores, such as during the Classical and Romantic eras, music lovers would buy the sheet music of their favourite pieces and songs so that they could perform them at home on the piano. With the advent of the [[phonograph]], records of popular songs, rather than sheet music became the dominant way that music lovers would enjoy their favourite songs. With the advent of home [[tape recorder]]s in the 1980s and [[digital music]] in the 1990s, music lovers could make tapes or [[playlist]]s of favourite songs and take them with them on a portable [[cassette player]] or MP3 player. Some music lovers create [[mix tape]]s of favourite songs, which serve as a "self-portrait, a gesture of friendship, prescription for an ideal party... [and] an environment consisting solely of what is most ardently loved".<ref>Kirszner, Laurie G. (January 2012). ''Patterns for College Writing''. Bedford/St. Martin's. p. 520. {{ISBN|978-0-312-67684-1}}</ref>

Amateur musicians can compose or perform music for their own pleasure and derive income elsewhere. [[Professional musician]]s are employed by institutions and organisations, including armed forces (in [[marching band]]s, [[concert band]]s and popular music groups), religious institutions, symphony orchestras, broadcasting or [[filmmaking|film production]] companies, and [[music school]]s. Professional musicians sometimes work as freelancers or [[session musician]]s, seeking contracts and engagements in a variety of settings. There are often many links between amateur and professional musicians. Beginning amateur musicians take [[music lesson|lessons]] with professional musicians. In community settings, advanced amateur musicians perform with professional musicians in a variety of ensembles such as community [[concert band]]s and community orchestras.

A distinction is often made between music performed for a live audience and music that is performed in a studio so that it can be recorded and distributed through the music retail system or the broadcasting system. However, there are also many cases where a live performance in front of an audience is also recorded and distributed. Live concert recordings are popular in both classical music and in [[popular music]] forms such as rock, where [[Bootleg recording|illegally taped live concerts]] are prized by music lovers. In the [[jam band]] scene, live, improvised [[jam session]]s are preferred to studio recordings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.meiea.org/resources/Journal/html_ver/Vol07_No01/2007_Vol_7_No_1_A10.htm|title=Improvisation and Reciprocity: An Analysis of the Jam Band Community and Its Unique Business Model|date=20 November 2007|website=www.meiea.org}}</ref>

=== Notation ===
{{Main|Musical notation}}
[[File:Adeste Fideles sheet music sample.svg|thumb|center|Sheet music is a written representation of music. [[Homorhythm]]ic (i.e., [[hymn]]-style) arrangement of the traditional "[[Adeste Fideles]]" in standard two-staff format for mixed voices. {{audio|Adeste Fideles sheet music sample.mid|play}}|upright=1.9]]
Music notation typically means the written expression of music notes and rhythms on paper using symbols. When music is written down, the pitches and rhythm of the music, such as the notes of a [[melody]], are notated. Music notation often provides instructions on how to perform the music. For example, the sheet music for a song may state the song is a "slow blues" or a "fast swing", which indicates the tempo and the genre. To read notation, a person must have an understanding of [[music theory]], [[harmony]] and the [[performance practice]] associated with a particular song or piece's genre.

Written notation varies with the style and period of music. Nowadays, notated music is produced as [[sheet music]] or, for individuals with computer [[scorewriter]] programs, as an image on a [[computer screen]]. In ancient times, music notation was put onto stone or clay tablets.<ref name="auto"/> To perform music from notation, a singer or instrumentalist requires an understanding of the rhythmic and pitch elements embodied in the symbols and the performance practice that is associated with a piece of music or genre. In genres requiring [[musical improvisation]], the performer often plays from music where only the [[Chord progression|chord changes]] and form of the song are written, requiring the performer to have a great understanding of the music's structure, harmony and the styles of a particular genre e.g., jazz or [[country music]].

In Western art music, the most common types of written notation are scores, which include all the music parts of an ensemble piece, and parts, which are the music notation for the individual performers or singers. In popular music, jazz, and blues, the standard musical notation is the [[lead sheet]], which notates the melody, chords, [[lyrics]] (if it is a vocal piece), and structure of the music. Fake books are also used in jazz; they may consist of lead sheets or simply chord charts, which permit [[rhythm section]] members to improvise an [[accompaniment]] part to jazz songs. Scores and parts are also used in popular music and jazz, particularly in large ensembles such as jazz "[[big band]]s." In popular music, guitarists and electric bass players often read music notated in [[tablature]] (often abbreviated as "tab"), which indicates the location of the notes to be played on the instrument using a diagram of the guitar or bass fingerboard. Tablature was used in the Baroque era to notate music for the [[lute]], a stringed, fretted instrument.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uniguitar.com/post/how-to-read-tablature|title=How to Read Renaissance and Baroque Tablature|first=Bruno|last=Ferreira|date=26 July 2021|website=UniGuitar}}</ref>

=== Oral and aural tradition ===
Many types of music, such as traditional [[blues]] and [[folk music]] were not written down in [[sheet music]]; instead, they were originally preserved in the memory of performers, and the songs were handed down [[Oral tradition|orally]], from one musician or singer to another, or aurally, in which a performer learns a song "[[Playing by ear (music)|by ear]]". When the composer of a song or piece is no longer known, this music is often classified as "traditional" or as a "folk song". Different musical traditions have different attitudes towards how and where to make changes to the original source material, from quite strict, to those that demand improvisation or modification to the music. A culture's history and stories may also be passed on by ear through song.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26662729|title=Exploring Cultures Through Song|author=Junda, Mary Ellen|year=2019|journal=The Choral Journal|volume=59|issue=9|pages=30–41|jstor=26662729 }}</ref>