Editing Moors murders (section)

==Incarceration==

===Brady===
[[File:Ashworth Hospital - geograph.org.uk - 90341.jpg|thumb|[[Ashworth Hospital]], where Brady was incarcerated from 1985]]
Following his conviction Brady was moved to HM Prison Durham, where he asked to live in [[solitary confinement]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Brady chooses to remain alone |work=The Times |publisher=Times Digital Archive |date=13 June 1966 |page=1 |issue=56656 |url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/535/223/73522511w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS18180813&dyn=22!xrn_30_0_CS18180813&hst_1?sw_aep=mclib |url-access=subscription |access-date=25 September 2009 |mode=cs2}}</ref> He spent nineteen years in mainstream prisons before being [[PCLR|diagnosed]] as a [[psychopathy|psychopath]] in November 1985 and sent to the high-security Park Lane Hospital, now [[Ashworth Hospital]], in [[Maghull]], [[Merseyside]];<ref>{{cite news |title=Ian Brady: A fight to die |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/672028.stm |work=BBC News |date=3 October 2000 |access-date=12 June 2007 |mode=cs2}}</ref> he made it clear that he never wanted to be released.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ian Brady seeks public hearing |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2306777.stm |work=BBC News |date=October 2002 |access-date=12 June 2007 |first=Peter |last=Gould |mode=cs2}}</ref>

The trial judge recommended that Brady's life sentence should mean life, and successive Home Secretaries agreed with that decision. In 1982, the [[Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales|Lord Chief Justice]] [[Geoffrey Lane, Baron Lane|Lord Lane]] said of Brady: "this is the case if ever there is to be one when a man should stay in prison till he dies".<ref name="bbcsummary"/> The November 2007 death of [[John Straffen]], who had spent 55 years in prison for murdering three children, meant that Brady became the longest-serving prisoner in England and Wales.<ref>{{cite news|title=UK's longest-serving prisoner, Straffen, dies|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=20 November 2007|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1569929/UK%27s-longest-serving-prisoner,-Straffen,-dies.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523175741/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1569929/UK%27s-longest-serving-prisoner%2C-Straffen%2C-dies.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 May 2008|access-date=22 September 2009|mode=cs2}}</ref>

Although Brady refused to work with Ashworth's psychiatrists, he occasionally corresponded with people outside the hospital{{mdashb}}subject to prison authorities' censorship{{sfnp|Cowley|2011|p=17|ps=none}}{{mdashb}} including Lord Longford, writer [[Colin Wilson]], and various journalists.{{sfnp|Cowley|2011|p=16|ps=none}} In one letter, written in 2005, Brady claimed that the murders were "merely an [[existential nihilism|existential]] exercise of just over a year, which was concluded in December 1964". By then, he claimed, he and Hindley had turned their attention to armed robbery, for which they had begun to prepare by acquiring guns and vehicles.{{efn|[[Forensic psychologist]] Chris Cowley writes, "So there was a gap in the murder cycle, this is not unusual with [[serial killer]]s, but in most cases the gaps between murders get shorter, not longer. The so-called "cooling-off" periods diminish on a timeline. In Brady's case, this did not happen: it went the other way. So their next killing [i.e. Evans] was out of sequence and it went badly wrong for pretty much everyone concerned, not least their victim.{{sfnp|Cowley|2011|p=41|ps=none}}}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Gould|first=Peter|title=Brady claims murders 'had ended'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4382600.stm|work=BBC News|date=27 October 2005|access-date=11 August 2009|mode=cs2}}</ref>

During several years of interactions with [[forensic psychologist]] Chris Cowley, including face-to-face meetings,{{sfnp|Cowley|2011|pp=51,&nbsp;74|ps=none}} Brady told him of an "aesthetic fascination [he had] with guns",{{sfnp|Cowley|2011|p=61|ps=none}} despite his never having used one to kill. He complained bitterly about conditions at Ashworth, which he hated.{{sfnp|Cowley|2011|p=124|ps=none}} In 1999, his right<!--"right" cited to BMJ, "wrist" to Cowley--> wrist was broken in what he claimed was an "hour-long, unprovoked attack" by staff.{{sfnp|Cowley|2011|p=177|ps=none}} Brady subsequently went on [[hunger strike]], but while English law allows patients to refuse treatment, those being treated for mental disorders under the [[Mental Health Act 1983]] have no such right if the treatment is for their mental disorder.<ref name="BMJ2000">{{cite journal|title=Force feeding of Ian Brady declared lawful|pmc=1117753|volume=320|issue=7237|page=731|date=18 March 2000|pmid=10720341|journal=BMJ|last1=Dyer|first1=C.|doi=10.1136/bmj.320.7237.731/a|mode=cs2}}</ref> He was therefore [[force-feeding|force-fed]] and transferred to another hospital for tests after he fell ill.<ref>{{cite news|last=Finn|first=Gary|title=Ian Brady force-fed in secure hospital|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/ian-brady-force-fed-in-secure-hospital-739610.html|work=The Independent|date=30 October 1999|access-date=25 September 2009|mode=cs2}}</ref> Brady recovered and in March 2000 asked for a [[judicial review]] of the legality of the decision to force-feed him, but was refused permission.<ref name="BMJ2000"/><ref name="GuardianBrady">{{cite news|last=Tran|first=Mark|title=Brady loses bid to die|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/mar/10/marktran|work=The Guardian|date=10 March 2000 |access-date=29 September 2009 |mode=cs2}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|Myra gets the potentially fatal brain condition, whilst I have to fight simply to die. I have had enough. I want nothing, my objective is to die and release myself from this once and for all. So you see my death strike is rational and pragmatic. I'm only sorry I didn't do it decades ago, and I'm eager to leave this cesspit in a coffin.<ref name="GuardianBrady"/>}}

In 2001, Brady wrote ''The Gates of Janus'', which was published by the US underground publisher [[Feral House]]. The book, Brady's analysis of serial murder and specific [[serial killer]]s, sparked outrage when announced in the UK.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1605638.stm|work=BBC News|date=18 October 2001|title=US publisher defends Brady book|access-date=22 September 2009|mode=cs2}}</ref> In the book, Brady recounted his friendship in prison with the "teacup poisoner" [[Graham Young]], who shared Brady's admiration for [[Nazi Germany]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Gates of Janus|author=Brady, Ian|isbn=978-1627310109|publisher=Feral House|year=2001|pages=135–144}}</ref>

According to Cowley, Brady regretted Hindley's imprisonment and the consequences of their actions, but not necessarily the crimes themselves. He saw no point in making any kind of public apology; instead, he "expresse[d] remorse through actions".{{sfnp|Cowley|2011|pp=256–257|ps=none}} Twenty years of transcribing classical texts into [[braille]] came to an end when the authorities confiscated Brady's translation machine, for fear it might be used as a weapon. He once offered to donate one of his kidneys to "someone, anyone who needed one",{{sfnp|Cowley|2011|p=256|ps=none}} but was blocked from doing so. According to Wilson, "it was because these attempts to express remorse were thrown back at him that he began to contemplate suicide".<ref name="LetBradyDie">{{cite news|last=Chancellor|first=Alexander|title=Let Ian Brady die|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2006/feb/04/prisonsandprobation.weekend|newspaper=The Guardian|date=4 February 2006|access-date=29 August 2012|mode=cs2}}</ref> In 2006 officials intercepted 50&nbsp;[[paracetamol]] pills hidden inside a hollowed-out crime novel sent to Brady by a female friend.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brady drugs smuggling bid foiled|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/merseyside/4657436.stm|work=BBC News|date=28 January 2006|access-date=12 June 2007|mode=cs2}}</ref>

The mother of the remaining undiscovered victim, Keith Bennett, received a letter from Brady at the end of 2005 in which, she said, he claimed that he could take police to within {{convert|20|yd}} of her son's body but the authorities would not allow it. He did not refer directly to Bennett by name and did not claim he could take investigators directly to the grave, but spoke of the "clarity" of his recollections.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/manchester/4735068.stm|work=BBC News|title=Brady writes to victim's mother|date=21 February 2006|access-date=22 September 2009|mode=cs2}}</ref>

In 2012, Brady applied to be returned to prison, reiterating his desire to starve himself to death.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ian Brady will not necessarily kill himself if moved to jail, tribunal hears|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jun/25/ian-brady-move-jail-tribunal|publisher=guardian.co.uk|date=25 June 2013|access-date=29 June 2013|mode=cs2}}</ref> At a [[Mental Health Review Tribunal (England and Wales)|mental health tribunal]] in June the following year, he claimed that he suffered not from [[paranoid schizophrenia]], as his doctors at Ashworth maintained, but a [[personality disorder]]. Brady's application was rejected and the judge stated that he "continues to suffer from a mental disorder which is of a nature and degree which makes it appropriate for him to continue to receive medical treatment".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jun/28/ian-brady-tribunal-ruling |title=Ian Brady should stay in psychiatric hospital, tribunal rules |last=Pidd |first=Helen |date=28 June 2013 |work=The Guardian |access-date=20 July 2018 |mode=cs2}}</ref>

After receiving [[end-of-life care]], Brady died of [[restrictive pulmonary disease]] at Ashworth Hospital on 15 May 2017;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-39940080 |title=Ian Brady's ashes "not to be scattered at Saddleworth Moor" |date=16 May 2017 |work=BBC News |access-date=16 May 2017 |mode=cs2}}</ref> the [[inquest]] found that he died of natural causes and that his hunger strike had not been a contributory factor.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-41345128 |title=Ian Brady: Moors Murderer "would remove feeding tube" |date=21 September 2017 |work=BBC News |access-date=23 September 2017 |mode=cs2}}</ref> Brady had refused food and fluids for more than forty-eight hours on various occasions, causing him to be fitted with a [[Nasogastric intubation|nasogastric tube]], although his inquest noted that his [[body mass index]] was not a cause for concern.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/news/15549600.Moors_Murderer_Ian_Brady_s_cause_of_death_revealed_by_coroner |title=Moors Murderer Ian Brady died of natural causes, coroner confirms |date=21 September 2017 |work=Glasgow Evening Times |access-date=23 September 2017 |mode=cs2}}</ref> He was cremated without a ceremony, and his ashes were disposed of at sea during the night.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-41609522|title=Moors Murders: Judge rules on Ian Brady body disposal|work=BBC News|date=13 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-41855180 |title=Moors Murders: Ian Brady's ashes disposed of at sea |date=3 November 2017 |work=BBC News |access-date=3 November 2017|mode=cs2}}</ref>

===Hindley===
Hindley lodged an unsuccessful appeal against her conviction immediately after the trial.<ref>{{cite news |title=Myra Hindley Loses Murder Appeal |newspaper=The Times |publisher=Times Digital Archive |date=18 October 1966 |page=1 |issue=56765 |url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/535/223/73522511w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS18443090&dyn=29!xrn_2_0_CS18443090&hst_1?sw_aep=mclib |access-date=25 September 2009 |mode=cs2 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> She corresponded with Brady by letter until 1971, when she ended their relationship. The two remained in sporadic contact for several months,{{sfnp|Ritchie|1988|p=162|ps=none}} but Hindley had fallen in love with one of her prison warders, Patricia Cairns. A former assistant governor claimed that such relationships were not unusual in Holloway at that time, as "many of the officers were [[lesbianism|gay]], and involved in relationships either with one another or with inmates".{{sfnp|Staff|2007|p=250|ps=none}} Hindley successfully petitioned to have her status as a [[Prisoner security categories in the United Kingdom|Category A]] prisoner changed to Category B, which enabled Governor Dorothy Wing to take her on a walk round [[Hampstead Heath]], part of her unofficial policy of reintroducing her charges to the outside world when she felt they were ready. The excursion caused a furore in the national press and earned Wing an official rebuke from the then-Home Secretary [[Robert Carr]].{{sfnp|Ritchie|1988|pp=164–166|ps=none}} With help from Cairns, and the outside contacts of another prisoner, Maxine Croft, Hindley planned a prison escape, but it was thwarted when impressions of the prison keys were intercepted by an off-duty policeman. Cairns was sentenced to six years in jail for her part in the plot.{{sfnp|Staff|2007|pp=250–253|ps=none}}

Hindley was told that she should spend twenty-five years in prison before being considered for parole. The [[Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales|Lord Chief Justice]] agreed with that recommendation in 1982, but in January 1985 Home Secretary [[Leon Brittan]] increased her tariff to thirty years.<ref name="bbcsummary">{{cite news|title=What will Hindley's lawyers argue?|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1997/myra_hindley/37335.stm|work=BBC News|date=7 December 1997|access-date=12 June 2007|mode=cs2}}</ref> By that time Hindley claimed to be a reformed Catholic. Downey's mother was at the centre of a campaign to ensure that Hindley was never released from prison, and until her death in February 1999, she regularly gave television and newspaper interviews whenever Hindley's release was rumoured.<ref>{{cite news|title=Last wish of Moors murder mother|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/277440.stm|date=11 February 1999|work=BBC News|access-date=5 July 2009|mode=cs2}}</ref> In February 1985, [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Margaret Thatcher]] told Brittan that his proposed minimum sentences of thirty years for Hindley and forty years for Brady were too short, saying, "I do not think that either of these prisoners should ever be released from custody. Their crime was the most hideous and cruel in modern times."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jul/20/margaret-thatcher-moors-murderers-ian-brady-myra-hindley|title=Thatcher overruled minister to keep Moors murderers locked up for life|last=Travis|first=Alan|date=20 July 2017|work=The Guardian |access-date=20 July 2017|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-39938520|title=Ian Brady: How the Moors Murderer came to symbolise pure evil|last=Easton|first=Mark|date=20 May 2017|work=BBC News |access-date=14 February 2018|quote=Margaret Thatcher described their crimes as "the most hideous and evil in modern times".|mode=cs2}}</ref>

In 1987, Hindley admitted that the plea for parole she had submitted to the Home Secretary eight years earlier was "on the whole&nbsp;... a pack of lies",{{sfnp|Topping|1989|p=140|ps=none}} and to some reporters her co-operation in the searches on Saddleworth Moor "appeared a cynical gesture aimed at ingratiating herself to the parole authorities".<ref name="GuardianObit" /> Then-Home Secretary [[David Waddington, Baron Waddington|David Waddington]] imposed a [[whole life tariff]] on Hindley in July 1990, after she confessed to having been more involved in the murders than she had admitted.<ref name="bbcsummary"/> Hindley was not informed of the decision until 1994, when a [[Law Lords]] ruling obliged the [[Her Majesty's Prison Service|Prison Service]] to inform all life sentence prisoners of the minimum period they must serve in prison before being considered for parole.<ref name="gtl">{{cite news|title=Timetable of Moors murders case|url=https://www.theguardian.com/crime/article/0,2763,841020,00.html|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 November 2002|access-date=12 June 2007|mode=cs2}}</ref> In 1996, the [[Parole Board for England and Wales|Parole Board]] recommended that Hindley be moved to an [[open prison]].<ref name="IT96">{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/howard-considers-moving-hindley-to-open-prison-1.29391|title=Howard considers moving Hindley to open prison|last=Borrill|first=Rachel|date=10 February 1996|newspaper=The Irish Times |access-date=22 August 2019|mode=cs2}}</ref> She rejected the idea and in early 1998 was moved to the medium-security [[HM Prison Highpoint North|HM Prison Highpoint]];{{sfnp|Lee|2010|p=354|ps=none}} the House of Lords ruling left open the possibility of later freedom. Between December 1997 and March 2000, Hindley made three separate appeals against her life tariff, claiming she was a reformed woman and no longer a danger to society, but each was rejected by the courts.<ref>{{cite news|title=Regina v. Secretary of State For The Home Department, Ex Parte Hindley|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199900/ldjudgmt/jd000330/hind.htm|publisher=House of Lords|date=30 March 2000|access-date=16 March 2007|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=1966: Moors murderers jailed for life|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/6/newsid_2512000/2512119.stm|work=BBC News|access-date=12 June 2007|date=6 May 1966|mode=cs2}}</ref>

When in 2002 another life sentence prisoner challenged the [[Powers of the home secretary|Home Secretary's power]] to set minimum terms, Hindley and hundreds of others, whose tariffs had been increased by politicians, looked likely to be released.<ref>{{cite news|title=Killer challenges "whole life" tariff|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/2345049.stm|work=BBC News|date=21 October 2002|access-date=12 June 2007|mode=cs2}}</ref> Hindley's release seemed imminent and plans were made by supporters for her to be given a new identity.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hindley could be freed 'in months'|newspaper=[[London Evening Standard]]|date=10 September 2002|mode=cs2}}</ref> Home Secretary [[David Blunkett]] ordered the GMP to find new charges against Hindley to prevent her release from prison. The investigation was headed by Superintendent Tony Brett, and initially looked at charging Hindley with the murders of Reade and Bennett, but the advice given by government lawyers was that because of the DPP's decision taken fifteen years earlier, a new trial would probably be considered an [[abuse of process]].{{sfnp|Staff|2007|pp=17–18|ps=none}}

On 25 November 2002, the Law Lords agreed that judges, not politicians, should decide how long a criminal spends behind bars, and stripped the Home Secretary of the power to set minimum sentences.<ref>{{cite news|title=Raising killers' hopes of freedom|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2511361.stm|work=BBC News|date=25 November 2002|access-date=12 June 2007|first=Peter|last=Gould|mode=cs2}}</ref> Just prior to this, on 15{{nbsp}}November 2002, Hindley, aged 60 and a [[chain smoking|chain smoker]], died from [[bronchial pneumonia]] at [[West Suffolk Hospital]].{{sfnp|Lee|2010|p=346|ps=none}} She had been diagnosed with [[angina]] in 1999 and hospitalised after suffering a [[brain aneurysm]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/3304454/Myra-Hindley-the-Moors-monster-dies-after-36-years-in-jail.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/3304454/Myra-Hindley-the-Moors-monster-dies-after-36-years-in-jail.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Myra Hindley, the Moors monster, dies after 36 years in jail|last1=Sapsted|first1=David|date=16 November 2002|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=20 September 2018|last2=Bunyan|first2=Nigel|mode=cs2}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Inquest tribute to Hindley's victims|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2489539.stm|work=BBC News|date=18 November 2002|access-date=1 October 2009|mode=cs2}}</ref> Camera crews "stood rank and file behind steel barriers" outside, but none of Hindley's relatives were among the small congregation of eight to ten people who attended a short service at [[Cambridge]] crematorium.{{sfnp|Lee|2010|p=10|ps=none}} Such was the strength of feeling more than thirty-five years after the murders that a reported twenty local undertakers refused to handle her cremation.<ref>{{cite news|last=Addley|first=Esther|title=Funeral pariah|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/nov/21/ukcrime.estheraddley|newspaper=The Guardian|date=21 November 2002|access-date=29 September 2009|mode=cs2}}</ref> Four months later, her ashes were scattered by her ex-partner, Patricia Cairns, less than {{convert|10|mi|km}} from Saddleworth Moor in Stalybridge Country Park.{{sfnp|Staff|2007|p=18|ps=none}}{{sfnp|Lee|2010|p=22|ps=none}} The ''[[Manchester Evening News]]'' reported on possible fears that this would result in visitors choosing to avoid or vandalise the park.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hindley's ashes "scattered in park"|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:MENB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0F9C7BC5D0C70968&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=1054640702C8DBC0|newspaper=Manchester Evening News|date=27 February 2003|access-date=8 August 2009 |mode=cs2 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>