Editing Monarchy of Ireland (section)

==Proposed Irish monarchy==
In 1906, [[Patrick Pearse]], writing in the newspaper ''[[An Claidheamh Soluis]]'', envisioned the Ireland of 2006 as an independent Irish-speaking kingdom with an "Ard Rí" or "High King" as head of state.<ref>[https://issuu.com/cnag/docs/1906b/40 In My Garden], ''[[An Claidheamh Soluis]]'', 4 August 1906</ref><ref>[https://www.drb.ie/essays/patrick-pearse-predicts-the-future Patrick Pearse Predicts the Future], ''[[Dublin Review of Books]]'', Bryan Fanning, 20 May 2013</ref>

During the [[Easter Rising]] in [[Dublin]] in 1916, some [[Irish republicanism|Republican]] leaders, including Pearse and [[Joseph Plunkett]], contemplated giving the throne of an independent [[Ireland]] to [[Prince Joachim of Prussia]].<ref>''Memoirs of Desmond FitzGerald, 1913–1916'', [[Desmond FitzGerald (politician)|Desmond FitzGerald]]; Routledge & K. Paul, 1968, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ELcuAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA141 141]</ref><ref>''Irish nationalism: a history of its roots and ideology'', Seán Cronin, Continuum, 1981, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=45BnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA255 255]</ref> While they were not in favour of a monarchy in itself, Pearse and Plunkett thought that if the uprising were successful and Germany won the First World War, they would insist on an independent Ireland being a monarchy with a German prince as king, in the same way as [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] and [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]].<ref>''The Irish Factor, 1899–1919: Ireland's Strategic and Diplomatic Importance for Foreign Powers'', Jérôme aan De Wiel, Irish Academic Press, 2008, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RxMTAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA66 66]</ref> The fact that Joachim did not speak [[English language|English]] was also considered an advantage, as he might be more disposed to learning and promoting the use of the [[Irish language]].<ref>''Abject Loyalty: Nationalism and Monarchy in Ireland During the Reign of Queen Victoria'', James H. Murphy, CUA Press, 2001, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=nnh22zBI5uAC&pg=PA301 301]</ref> In his memoirs, [[Desmond FitzGerald (politician)|Desmond FitzGerald]] wrote: 
{{Blockquote|That would have certain advantages for us. It would mean that a movement for [[Linguistic imperialism#Response|de-anglicisation]] would flow from the head of the state downwards, for what was English would be foreign to the head of the state. He would naturally turn to those who were more Irish and Gaelic, as to his friends, for the non-nationalist element in our country had shown themselves to be so bitterly anti-German ... For the first generation or so it would be an advantage, in view of our natural weakness, to have a ruler who linked us with a dominant European power, and thereafter, when we were better prepared to stand alone, or when it might be undesirable that our ruler should turn by personal choice to one power rather than be guided by what was most natural and beneficial for our country, the ruler of that time would have become completely Irish.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 March 2016 |title=Inside the GPO in 1916: Desmond FitzGerald's eyewitness account |work=The Irish Times |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/inside-the-gpo-in-1916-desmond-fitzgerald-s-eyewitness-account-1.2580371 |access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref>}}

[[Ernest Blythe]] recalls that in January 1915 he heard Plunkett and [[Thomas MacDonagh]] express support for the idea at an [[Irish Volunteers]] meeting. No objections were made by anyone and [[Bulmer Hobson]] was among the attendees. Blythe himself said he found the idea "immensely attractive".<ref>An Irish Monarchy, [[The Irish Times]], 15 April 1966</ref>

[[Sinn Féin]] was established in 1905 by [[Arthur Griffith]] as a monarchist party inspired by the [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise]] which sought to create an Anglo-Irish [[dual monarchy]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Feeney |first=Brian |title=Sinn Féin: a Hundred Turbulent Years |publisher=The O'Brien Press |date=2002 |location=Dublin |pages=32–33}}</ref> During the party's 1917 Ard Fheis, disputes between monarchists and republicans resulted in an agreement that the question of a republic versus a monarchy would be settled by public referendum after independence was achieved provided that no member of the [[House of Windsor]] could become king.<ref>The new nationalism, 1916–18, F S L Lyons, in ''A New History of Ireland: Ireland under the Union, II, 1870–1921'', William Edward Vaughan, Clarendon Press, 1976, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pYNeAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA233 233]</ref><ref>Michael Laffan, ''The Resurrection of Ireland: The Sinn Féin Party, 1916–1923'', p. 241</ref> As a result, the [[Irish Republic]] had no head of state during the [[Irish War of Independence]] until the [[Anglo-Irish Treaty]] negotiations when [[Éamon de Valera]] raised his status to [[President of the Irish Republic]] in order to grant himself equal status to George V.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

In the 1930s, an organisation known as the [[Irish Monarchist Society]], whose members included [[Francis Stuart]] and [[Sir Osmond Esmonde, 12th Baronet|Osmonde Esmonde]], plotted to overthrow the Irish Free State and establish an independent Irish Catholic monarchy under a member of the [[O'Neill dynasty]].<ref>''Francis Stuart: A life'', Geoffrey Elborn, Raven Arts Press, 1990, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=41xbAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA101 101]</ref><ref>Kevin Kieley, ''Francis Stuart: Artist and Outcast'', p. 98</ref>

According to [[Hugo O'Donnell, 7th Duke of Tetuan]], de Valera raised the idea of an Irish monarchy with his great-grandfather Juan O'Donnell.<ref>''Ireland in the 20th Century'', Tim Pat Coogan, Random House, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=zWgfwHuOCHYC&pg=PA175 175]</ref>

[[Raymond Moulton O'Brien]], the self-styled "Prince of Thomond", and the [[United Christian Nationalist Party]], of which O'Brien was the leader, wanted to reestablish the monarchy with O'Brien as king.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aan de Wiel |first=Jérôme |date=2007 |title=The Principality of Thomond and His Royal Highness Raymond Moulton Seághan O'Brien, 1936–1963; Ireland's Greatest Diplomatic Farce |url=http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/NMAJ%20vol%2047%2008%20The%20Principality%20of%20Thomond%20and%20His%20Royal%20Highness%20Raymond%20Moulton%20Se%C3%A1ghan%20O%20Brien,%201936-63;%20Irelands%20greatest%20diplomatic%20farce,%20by%20Jerome%20aan%20de%20Wiel.pdf |journal=North Munster Antiquarian Journal |volume=47 |pages=95–109 |access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref>