Editing Miscarriage (section)

===Immune status===
Autoimmunity is a possible cause of recurrent or late-term miscarriages. In the case of an autoimmune-induced miscarriage, the woman's body attacks the growing fetus or prevents normal pregnancy progression.<ref name="CarpSelmi2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Carp HJ, Selmi C, Shoenfeld Y | title = The autoimmune bases of infertility and pregnancy loss | journal = Journal of Autoimmunity | volume = 38 | issue = 2–3 | pages = J266-74 | date = May 2012 | pmid = 22284905 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.11.016 | type = Review }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite journal|year=2007|title=Female infertility due to abnormal autoimmunity: Frequently overlooked and greatly underappreciated. Part II|journal=Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology|volume=2|issue=4|pages=465–75|doi=10.1586/17474108.2.4.465|vauthors=Gleicher N, Weghofer A, Barad D}}</ref> Autoimmune disease may cause abnormalities in embryos, which in turn may lead to miscarriage. As an example, [[coeliac disease]] increases the risk of miscarriage by an [[odds ratio]] of approximately 1.4.<ref name="TersigniCastellani2014"/>{{sfn|Hoffman|page = 172}} A disruption in normal immune function can lead to the formation of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. This will affect the ability to continue the pregnancy, and if a woman has repeated miscarriages, she can be tested for it.{{sfn|Hoffman|page=272}} Approximately 15% of recurrent miscarriages are related to immunologic factors.{{sfn|Hoffman|page=182}} The presence of [[Antithyroid autoantibodies|anti-thyroid autoantibodies]] is associated with an increased risk with an [[odds ratio]] of 3.73 and 95% [[confidence interval]] 1.8–7.6.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = van den Boogaard E, Vissenberg R, Land JA, van Wely M, van der Post JA, Goddijn M, Bisschop PH | title = Significance of (sub)clinical thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity before conception and in early pregnancy: a systematic review | journal = Human Reproduction Update | volume = 17 | issue = 5 | pages = 605–19 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21622978 | doi = 10.1093/humupd/dmr024 | doi-access =  }}</ref> Having lupus also increases the risk of miscarriage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/lupus/pregnancy-and-lupus|title=Pregnancy and lupus|website=womenshealth.gov|access-date=2017-09-11|date=April 20, 2017}}</ref> Immunohistochemical studies on decidual basalis and chorionic villi found that the imbalance of the immunological environment could be associated with recurrent pregnancy loss.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Kavvadas | first1=Dimitrios | last2=Karachrysafi | first2=Sofia | last3=Anastasiadou | first3=Pinelopi | last4=Kavvada | first4=Asimoula | last5=Fotiadou | first5=Stella | last6=Papachristodoulou | first6=Angeliki | last7=Papamitsou | first7=Theodora | last8=Sioga | first8=Antonia | title=Immunohistochemical Evaluation of CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD20 in Decidual and Trophoblastic Tissue Specimens of Patients with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss | journal=Clinics and Practice | publisher=MDPI AG | volume=12 | issue=2 | date=2022-02-28 | issn=2039-7283 | doi=10.3390/clinpract12020022 | pages=177–193 |pmid=35314592 |pmc=8938768 | doi-access=free }}</ref>