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===Diet=== Most millipedes are [[detritivore]]s and feed on decomposing vegetation, feces, or organic matter mixed with soil. They often play important roles in the breakdown and [[decomposition]] of [[plant litter]]: estimates of consumption rates for individual species range from 1 to 11 percent of all leaf litter, depending on species and region, and collectively millipedes may consume nearly all the leaf litter in a region. The leaf litter is fragmented in the millipede gut and excreted as pellets of leaf fragments, algae, fungi, and bacteria, which facilitates decomposition by the microorganisms.<ref name=Hopkin&Read/><!--160--> Where [[earthworm]] populations are low in tropical forests, millipedes play an important role in facilitating microbial decomposition of the leaf litter.<ref name=Ruppert/> Some millipedes are herbivorous, feeding on living plants, and some species can become serious pests of crops. Millipedes in the order [[Polyxenida]] graze algae from bark, and [[Platydesmida]] feed on fungi.<ref name=SierwaldBond2007 /> A few species are [[Omnivore|omnivorous]] or in [[Callipodida]] and [[Chordeumatida]] occasionally carnivorous,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bqW8CgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Very+few+species+semi-carnivorous%22&pg=PA364|title=Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda, Volume 2|first=Alessandro|last=Minelli|date=September 29, 2015|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004188273|via=Google Books|access-date=October 6, 2020|archive-date=October 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009024620/https://books.google.no/books?id=bqW8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA364&dq=%22Very+few+species+semi-carnivorous%22&hl=no&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjLuoPYtJ_sAhWJxosKHZ53CTwQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=%22Very+few+species+semi-carnivorous%22&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> feeding on insects, centipedes, earthworms, or [[Pulmonata|snails]].<ref name=IZ/><ref name=Baker2004>{{cite book |last=Barker |first=G. M. |editor-last=Barker |editor-first=G. M. |title=Natural Enemies of Terrestrial Molluscs |year=2004 |publisher=[[CAB International]] |isbn=978-0-85199-061-3 |pages=405β426 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bjAh_Gszsy8C&pg=PA405 |chapter=Millipedes (Diplopoda) and Centipedes (Chilopoda) (Myriapoda) as predators of terrestrial gastropods}}</ref> Some species have piercing mouth parts that allow them to suck up plant juices.<ref name="Shelley 1999"/> Cave dwelling species in [[Julidae]], [[Blaniulidae]], and [[Polydesmidae]] have specialized mouthparts and appears to be filter feeders, filtering small particles from running water inside caves.<ref>[https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2448&context=ijs Worldwide distribution of cave-dwelling Chelodesmidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)]</ref>
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