Editing Manitoba (section)

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Manitoba}}

=== Arts ===
[[File:Wpgconcerthall.jpg|thumb|[[Centennial Concert Hall]] in Winnipeg]]
The [[Minister of Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport (Manitoba)|Minister of Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport]] is responsible for promoting and, to some extent, financing Manitoban culture.<ref>{{vcite web|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/ourdept/index.html|title=Culture, Heritage and Tourism|publisher=Government of Manitoba|accessdate=11 April 2011|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427070113/http://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/ourdept/index.html|archivedate=27 April 2011}}</ref> Manitoba is the birthplace of the [[Red River Jig]], a combination of Indigenous [[pow-wow]]s and European [[Reel (dance)|reels]] popular among early settlers.<ref>{{vcite journal|author=Bolton, David|date=September 1961|title=The Red River Jig|journal=Manitoba Pageant|publisher=Manitoba Historical Society|volume=7|issue=1|url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/pageant/07/redriverjig.shtml}}</ref> Manitoba's traditional music has strong roots in Métis and First Nations culture, in particular the old-time [[fiddle|fiddling]] of the Métis.<ref>{{vcite journal|author=Lederman, Anne|year=1988|title=Old Indian and Metis Fiddling in Manitoba: Origins, Structure, and Questions of Syncretism|journal=The Canadian Journal of Native Studies|volume=7|issue=2|pages=205–230}}</ref> Manitoba's cultural scene also incorporates classical European traditions. The Winnipeg-based [[Royal Winnipeg Ballet]] (RWB), is Canada's oldest ballet and North America's longest continuously operating [[ballet company]]; it was granted its royal title in 1953 under Queen Elizabeth II.<ref>{{vcite book|author=Dafoe, Christopher|title=Dancing through time: the first fifty years of Canada's Royal Winnipeg Ballet|publisher=Portage & Main Press|year=1990|pages=4, 10, 154|isbn=978-0-9694264-0-0}}</ref> The [[Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra]] (WSO) performs classical music and new compositions at the [[Centennial Concert Hall]].<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://www.wso.mb.ca/history.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504203455/http://www.wso.mb.ca/history.asp|archivedate=4 May 2008|title=More About the WSO|year=2008|publisher=Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra|accessdate=23 February 2010}}</ref> [[Manitoba Opera]], founded in 1969, also performs out of the Centennial Concert Hall.

[[File:Former home of Margaret Laurence.jpg|thumb|Author [[Margaret Laurence]]'s home in Neepawa]]
[[Le Cercle Molière]] (founded 1925) is the oldest French-language theatre in Canada,<ref>{{vcite journal|author=Moss, Jane|date=Spring 2004|title=The Drama of Identity in Canada's Francophone West|journal=American Review of Canadian Studies|publisher=Routledge|volume=34|issue=1|pages=82–83|issn=0272-2011|doi=10.1080/02722010409481686}}</ref> and [[Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre]] (founded 1958) is Canada's oldest English-language regional theatre.<ref>{{vcite journal|author=Hendry, Thomas B|date=Autumn 1965|title=Trends in Canadian Theatre|journal=The Tulane Drama Review|publisher=MIT Press|volume=10|issue=1|page=65|doi=10.2307/1124680|jstor=1124680}}</ref> [[Manitoba Theatre for Young People]] was the first English-language theatre to win the Canadian Institute of the Arts for Young Audiences Award, and offers plays for children and teenagers as well as a theatre school.<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://www.mtyp.ca/about-mtyp.cfm|title=About Us|publisher=Manitoba Theatre for Young People|accessdate=11 April 2011|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706190335/http://www.mtyp.ca/about-mtyp.cfm|archivedate=6 July 2011}}</ref> The [[Winnipeg Art Gallery]] (WAG), Manitoba's largest art gallery and the sixth largest in the country, hosts an art school for children; the WAG's permanent collection comprises over twenty thousand works, with a particular emphasis on Manitoban and Canadian art.<ref name="wag">{{vcite web|url=http://www.umanitoba.ca/schools/art/gallery/hpgs/wag/ |title=Winnipeg Art Gallery |publisher=University of Manitoba |accessdate=8 November 2009 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022224230/http://www.umanitoba.ca/schools/art/gallery/hpgs/wag/ |archivedate=22 October 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{vcite web|url=http://wag.ca/about/history|title=History|year=2009|publisher=Winnipeg Art Gallery|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025103850/http://wag.ca/about/history|archivedate=25 October 2009}}</ref>

The 1960s pop group [[the Guess Who]] was formed in Manitoba, and later became the first Canadian band to have a No. 1 hit in the United States;<ref>{{vcite journal|author=Elliott, Robin|date=December 1998|title=Before the Gold Rush: Flashbacks to the Dawn of the Canadian Sound|journal=CAML Review|publisher=Canadian Association of Music Libraries, Archives, and Documentation Centres|volume=26|issue=3|pages=26–27}}</ref> Guess Who guitarist [[Randy Bachman]] later created [[Bachman–Turner Overdrive]] (BTO) with fellow Winnipeg-based musician [[Fred Turner (musician)|Fred Turner]].<ref>{{vcite book|author=Melhuish, Martin|title=Bachman-Turner Overdrive: Rock Is My Life, This Is My Song|publisher=Methuen Publications|year=1976|page=74|isbn=978-0-8467-0104-0}}</ref> Fellow rocker [[Neil Young]], grew up in Manitoba, and later played in [[Buffalo Springfield]], and [[Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young]].<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://www.rockhall.com/inductees/neil-young|title=Neil Young|year=2007|publisher=The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc.|accessdate=23 February 2010|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329002745/http://rockhall.com/inductees/neil-young|archivedate=29 March 2010}}</ref> Folk rock band [[Crash Test Dummies]] formed in the late 1980s in Winnipeg and were the 1992 [[Juno Award]]s Group of the Year.<ref>{{vcite book|author=Bianco, David P|title=Parents aren't supposed to like it|publisher=U*X*L|year=2001|edition=2nd|volume=1|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780787617325/page/42 42]|isbn=978-0-7876-1732-5|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780787617325/page/42}}</ref>

Several prominent Canadian films were produced in Manitoba, such as ''[[The Stone Angel (film)|The Stone Angel]]'', based on the [[Margaret Laurence]] book of the [[The Stone Angel|same title]], ''[[The Saddest Music in the World]]'', ''[[Foodland (film)|Foodland]]'', ''[[For Angela]]'', and ''[[My Winnipeg]]''. Major films shot in Manitoba include ''[[The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford]]'' and ''[[Capote (film)|Capote]]'',<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://www.mbfilmmusic.ca/Film/WhosFilmedHere/tabid/73/language/en-US/Default.aspx|title=Who's filmed here?|publisher=Manitoba Film & Music|accessdate=11 November 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214150627/http://www.mbfilmmusic.ca/Film/WhosFilmedHere/tabid/73/language/en-US/Default.aspx|archivedate=14 December 2009}}</ref> both of which received [[Academy Award]] nominations.<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://old.oscars.org/press/presskit/nomannc/pdf/03_80th_fact_sheet.pdf|title=80th Annual Academy Awards Oscar Nominations Fact Sheet|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|accessdate=11 November 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5lKGcKIcw?url=http://old.oscars.org/press/presskit/nomannc/pdf/03_80th_fact_sheet.pdf|archivedate=16 November 2009}}</ref> ''[[Falcon Beach]]'', an internationally broadcast television drama, was filmed at [[Winnipeg Beach, Manitoba]].<ref>{{vcite news|url=http://falconbeach.ca/index.aspx?go=/pr_060621.aspx|title=Falcon Beach filming again in Manitoba|author=St. Germain, Pat|date=21 June 2006|publisher=Winnipeg Sun|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706180330/http://falconbeach.ca/index.aspx?go=%2Fpr_060621.aspx|archivedate=6 July 2011}}</ref>

Manitoba has a strong literary tradition. [[Bertram Brooker]] won the first-ever [[Governor General's Awards|Governor General's Award]] for Fiction in 1936.<ref name="ggla-past">{{vcite web|url=http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/CCA1B1A6-59E5-4748-BFEE-B64313E92624/0/CumulativeWinners2008.pdf|title=Cumulative List of Winners of the Governor General's Literary Awards|year=2008|publisher=Canada Council for the Arts|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102194218/http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/CCA1B1A6-59E5-4748-BFEE-B64313E92624/0/CumulativeWinners2008.pdf|archivedate=2 November 2011}}</ref> Cartoonist [[Lynn Johnston]], author of the comic strip ''[[For Better or For Worse]]'', was a finalist for a 1994 [[Pulitzer Prize]] and inducted into the [[Canadian Cartoonist Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{vcite web |url=https://www.editorandpublisher.com/news/lynn-johnston-to-enter-canadian-cartoonists-hall-of-fame-on-friday/ |title=Lynn Johnston to Enter Canadian Cartoonists' Hall of Fame on Friday |author=Astor, Dave|date=6 August 2008 |website=Editor and Publisher |url-status=dead |archivedate=22 August 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822190506/https://www.editorandpublisher.com/news/lynn-johnston-to-enter-canadian-cartoonists-hall-of-fame-on-friday/ }}</ref> Margaret Laurence's ''The Stone Angel'' and ''[[A Jest of God]]'' were set in [[Manawaka]], a fictional town representing [[Neepawa, Manitoba|Neepawa]]; the latter title won the Governor General's Award in 1966.<ref>{{vcite book|author=Rosenthal, Caroline|title=The Canadian Short Story: Interpretations|editor=Reingard M. Nischik|editor-link=Reingard M. Nischik|publisher=Camden House|year=2007|page=219|chapter=Collective Memory and Personal Identity in the Prairie town of Manawaka|isbn=978-1-57113-127-0}}</ref> [[Carol Shields]] won both the Governor General's Award and the Pulitzer Prize for ''[[The Stone Diaries]]''.<ref>{{vcite book|author=Werlock, Abby|title=Carol Shields's the Stone Diaries|publisher=Continuum|year=2001|page=[https://archive.org/details/carolshieldsssic00werl/page/69 69]|isbn=978-0-8264-5249-8|url=https://archive.org/details/carolshieldsssic00werl/page/69}}</ref> [[Gabrielle Roy]], a Franco-Manitoban writer, won the Governor General's Award three times.<ref name="ggla-past" /> A quote from her writings is featured on the Canadian $20 bill.<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://www.bankofcanada.ca/banknotes/bank-note-series/canadian-journey/gabrielle-roy-canadian-author-of-the-quotation-on-the-back-of-the-new-20-note/|title=Gabrielle Roy, Canadian author of the quotation on the back of the new $20 note|publisher=Bank of Canada|accessdate=2 April 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025084642/http://www.bankofcanada.ca/banknotes/bank-note-series/canadian-journey/gabrielle-roy-canadian-author-of-the-quotation-on-the-back-of-the-new-20-note/|archivedate=25 October 2012}}</ref> [[Joan Thomas]] was nominated for the Governor General's Award twice and won in 2019 for ''Five Wives''. The province has also been home to many of the key figures in [[Mennonite literature]], including Governor General Award-winning [[Miriam Toews]], Giller winner [[David Bergen]], [[Armin Wiebe]] and many others.<ref>{{vcite web|title=From Plain People to Plains People: Mennonite Literature from the Canadian Prairies|publisher=American Studies Journal|url=http://www.asjournal.org/63-2017/plain-people-plains-people-mennonite-literature-canadian-prairies/|accessdate=February 19, 2020}}</ref> [[Sandra Birdsell]], whose [[fiction]] focusses on her [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]] and [[Mennonite]] heritage, was thrice nominated for the Governor General's Literary Award for English Language Fiction, and also for the Scotiabank Giller Prize in 2001.<ref>{{vcite web|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sandra-birdsell |title=Sandra Birdsell|website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |date=4 December 2018|author=Boyd, Colin; Grandy, Karen; Skelly, Julia|archivedate=27 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427011621/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sandra-birdsell}}</ref>

=== Festivals ===
{{See also|Category:Festivals in Manitoba|List of music festivals in Canada#Manitoba}}
[[File:Apple and Corn Festival Morden Manitoba Canada (4).JPG|thumb|upright|The [[Morden, Manitoba|Morden]] Corn and Apple Festival]]
[[File:Assiniboine Park Pavilion.jpg|thumb|Assiniboine Park Pavilion]]
Festivals take place throughout the province, with the largest centred in Winnipeg. The [[Winnipeg Folk Festival]] has an annual attendance of over 70,000.<ref>{{vcite news|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/entertainment/music/folk-fest-hit-record-attendance-512769812.html|newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press|date=16 July 2019|title=Folk Fest hit record attendance|archivedate=8 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008044858/https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/entertainment/music/folk-fest-hit-record-attendance-512769812.html}}</ref> The [[Festival du Voyageur]] is an annual ten-day event held in Winnipeg's French Quarter, and is Western Canada's largest winter festival.<ref name="food"/> It celebrates Canada's fur-trading past and French-Canadian heritage and culture. [[Folklorama]], a multicultural festival run by the Folk Arts Council, receives around 400,000 pavilion visits each year, of which about thirty percent are from non-Winnipeg residents.<ref name="food">{{vcite book|author=Selwood, John|title=Food Tourism Around The World: Development, Management and Markets|editor=Hall, C Michael; Sharples, Liz; Mitchell, Richard; Macionis, Niki; Cambourne, Brock|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|year=2003|pages=180–182|chapter=The lure of food: food as an attraction in destination marketing in Manitoba, Canada|isbn=978-0-7506-5503-3}}</ref><ref>{{vcite web|url=http://www.folklorama.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55&Itemid=53 |title=FAQs |publisher=Folklorama |accessdate=11 November 2009 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811070804/http://www.folklorama.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55&Itemid=53 |archivedate=11 August 2010 }}</ref> The [[Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival]] is an annual [[Fringe theatre|alternative theatre festival]], the second-largest festival of its kind in North America (after the [[Edmonton International Fringe Festival]]).<ref>{{vcite journal|author=Woosnam, Kyle M; McElroy, Kerry E; Van Winkle, Christine M|date=July 2009|title=The Role of Personal Values in Determining Tourist Motivations: An Application to the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival, a Cultural Special Event |journal=Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management|publisher=Routledge|volume=18|issue=5|pages=500–502|doi=10.1080/19368620902950071}}</ref>

===Museums===
Manitoban museums document different aspects of the province's heritage. The [[Manitoba Museum]] is the largest museum in Manitoba and focuses on Manitoban history from prehistory to the 1920s.<ref>{{vcite book|author=Dutton, Lee S|title=Anthropological Resources: A Guide to Archival, Library, and Museum Collections|publisher=Routledge|year=1999|pages=[https://archive.org/details/anthropologicalr0000unse_i5r7/page/6 6–9]|isbn=978-0-8153-1188-1|url=https://archive.org/details/anthropologicalr0000unse_i5r7/page/6}}</ref> The full-size replica of the Nonsuch is the museum's showcase piece.<ref>{{vcite journal|author=Barbour, Alex; Collins, Cathy; Grattan, David|year=1986|title=Monitoring the Nonsuch|journal=LIC-CG Annual Conference|publisher=International Institute for Conservation&nbsp;– Canada Group|location=Ottawa|volume=12|pages=19–21}}</ref> The [[Manitoba Children's Museum]] at [[The Forks, Winnipeg|The Forks]] presents exhibits for children.<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://childrensmuseum.com/capital_campaign/about-us/|title=About MCM|publisher=Manitoba Children's Museum|accessdate=11 November 2009|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002055202/http://childrensmuseum.com/capital_campaign/about-us/|archivedate=2 October 2010}}</ref> There are two museums dedicated to the native flora and fauna of Manitoba: the [[Living Prairie Museum]], a tall grass prairie preserve featuring 160 species of grasses and wildflowers, and [[FortWhyte Alive]], a park encompassing prairie, lake, forest and wetland habitats, home to a large herd of [[bison]].<ref>{{vcite journal|author=Stewart, Jane|date=April 1986|title=Winnipeg: a big city with the heart of a small town|journal=Canadian Medical Association Journal|publisher=Canadian Medical Association|volume=134|issue=7|page=810}}</ref> The [[Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre]] houses the largest collection of marine reptile [[fossil]]s in Canada.<ref>{{vcite book|author=Janzic, A; Hatcher, J|title=Late Cretaceous Marine Reptile Fossils of the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre|publisher=Mount Royal College|year=2008|series=Alberta Palaeontological Society, Twelfth Annual Symposium|volume=Abstracts Volume|page=28}}</ref> Other museums feature the history of [[Western Canada Aviation Museum|aviation]], [[Marine Museum of Manitoba|marine transport]], and [[Winnipeg Railway Museum|railways]] in the area. The [[Canadian Museum for Human Rights]] is the first Canadian [[national museum]] outside of the [[National Capital Region (Canada)|National Capital Region]].<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-museum-for-human-rights/|work=The Canadian Encyclopedia|title=Canadian Museum for Human Rights|author=Bingham, Russell; Baird, Daniel|date=26 March 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104205551/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-museum-for-human-rights/|archivedate=4 November 2016}}</ref>

=== Media ===
{{see also|Media in Winnipeg}}
Winnipeg has two daily newspapers: the ''[[Winnipeg Free Press]]'', a [[broadsheet]] with the highest circulation numbers in Manitoba, as well as the ''[[Winnipeg Sun]]'', a smaller [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]]-style paper. There are several ethnic weekly newspapers,<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/8/16/r16-205-e.html |title=Canadian Ethnic Newspapers Currently Received |publisher=Collections Canada |accessdate=17 July 2009 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080107093413/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/8/16/r16-205-e.html |archivedate=7 January 2008 }}</ref> including the weekly French-language ''[[La Liberté (Canada)|La Liberté]]'', and regional and national magazines based in the city. Brandon has two newspapers: the daily ''[[Brandon Sun]]'' and the weekly ''[[Wheat City Journal]]''.<ref name="brandon-media">{{vcite web|url=http://www.econdev.brandon.mb.ca/main.nsf/Pages+By+ID/666|title=Local Media|publisher=Economic Development Brandon|accessdate=11 November 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104193747/http://www.econdev.brandon.mb.ca/main.nsf/Pages+By+ID/666|archivedate=4 January 2010}}</ref> Many small towns have local newspapers.<ref>{{vcite web|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/leg-lib/newspapers.html|title=Current Newspapers at the Library|publisher=Legislative Library|accessdate=23 February 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811225332/http://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/leg-lib/newspapers.html|archivedate=11 August 2010}}</ref>

There are five English-language television stations and one French-language station based in Winnipeg. The [[Global Television Network]] (owned by [[Canwest]]) is headquartered in the city.<ref>{{vcite book|author=Carlin, Vincent A|title=How Canadians communicate|editor=Frits Pannekoek, David Taras, Maria Bakardjieva|publisher=University of Calgary Press|year=2003|volume=1|pages=59–60|chapter=No Clear Channel: The Rise and Possible Fall of Media Convergence|isbn=978-1-55238-104-5}}</ref> Winnipeg is home to twenty-one AM and FM radio stations, two of which are French-language stations.<ref name="ftg"/> Brandon's five local radio stations are provided by [[Astral Media]] and Westman Communications Group.<ref name="ftg">{{vcite web|url=http://www.winnipegradio.ca/|title=Winnipeg Radio|year=2008|publisher=Fresh Traffic Group|accessdate=11 November 2009|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420212946/http://winnipegradio.ca/|archivedate=20 April 2009}}</ref> In addition to the Brandon and Winnipeg stations, radio service is provided in rural areas and smaller towns by [[Golden West Broadcasting]], [[Corus Entertainment]], and local broadcasters. [[CBC Radio]] broadcasts local and national programming throughout the province.<ref>{{vcite journal|author=Smith, John H|year=1969|title=The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|journal=International Communication Gazette|publisher=Sage Publications|volume=15|issue=2|pages=139–143|doi=10.1177/001654926901500205}}</ref> [[Native Communications]] is devoted to indigenous programming and broadcasts to many of the isolated native communities as well as to larger cities.<ref>{{vcite journal|author=Buddle, Kathleen|year=2005|title=Aboriginal Cultural Capital Creation and Radio Production in Urban Ontario|journal=Canadian Journal of Communication|publisher=Canadian Journal of Communication Corporation|volume=30|issue=1|pages=29–30|doi=10.22230/cjc.2005v30n1a1480|doi-access=free}}</ref>
[[File:Winnipeg Jets first home victory celebration.jpg|thumb|The [[Winnipeg Jets]] celebrate their first regulation win in Winnipeg at the MTS Centre on 17 October 2011]]