Editing Manchukuo (section)

=== Japanese population ===
{{main|Japanese settlers in Manchuria}}
[[File:Wanrong in 1934 during an official visit by the Japanese.jpg|left|thumb|The Empress of Manchukuo taking part in a procession during a visit by Japanese officials, 1934]]
In 1931–1932, there were 100,000 Japanese farmers; other sources mention 590,760 Japanese inhabitants. Other figures for Manchukuo speak of a Japanese population 240,000 strong, later growing to 837,000. In Xinjing, they made up 25% of the population. Accordingly, to the census of 1936, of the Japanese population of Manchukuo, 22% were civil servants and their families; 18% were working for the South Manchurian Railroad company; 25% had come to Manchukuo to establish a business, and 21% had come to work in industry.{{sfn|Young|1998|p=258}} The Japanese working in the fields of transportation, the government, and in business tended to be middle class, white-collar people such as executives, engineers, and managers, and those Japanese who working in Manchukuo as [[Blue-collar worker|blue-collar]] employees tended to be skilled workers.{{sfn|Young|1998|p=258}} In 1934, it was reported that a Japanese carpenter working in Manchukuo with its growing economy could earn twice as much as he could in Japan.{{sfn|Young|1998|p=259}} With its gleaming modernist office buildings, state of the art transport networks like the famous Asia Express railroad line, and modern infrastructure that was going up all over Manchukuo, Japan's newest colony become a popular tourist destination for middle-class Japanese, who wanted to see the "Brave New Empire" that was going up in the mainland of Asia.{{sfn|Young|1998|p=259}} The Japanese government had official plans projecting the emigration of 5&nbsp;million Japanese to Manchukuo between 1936 and 1956. Between 1938 and 1942 a batch of young farmers of 200,000 arrived in Manchukuo; joining this group after 1936 were 20,000 complete families. Of the Japanese settlers in Manchukuo, almost half came from the rural areas of Kyushu.{{sfn|Young|1998|p=258}} When Japan lost sea and air control of the Yellow Sea in 1943–44, this migration stopped. {{citation needed|date=February 2018}}[[File:Propaganda Poster of Manchuku.jpg|thumb|Propaganda poster for European audiences, featuring a pair of Japanese settlers]]About 2% of the Japanese population worked in agriculture.<ref name="Spector2007">{{cite book |last1=Spector |first1=Ronald H. |title=In the Ruins of Empire: The Japanese Surrender and the Battle for Postwar Asia |publisher=Random House |date=2007 |location=New York |isbn=9780375509155 |edition=1st |pages=28–29}}</ref> Many had been young, land-poor farmers in Japan that were recruited by the Patriotic Youth Brigade to colonize new settlements in Manchukuo. The [[Manchukuo government|Manchukuo Government]] had seized great portions of these land through "price manipulation, coerced sales and forced evictions". Some Japanese settlers gained so much land that they could not farm it themselves and had to hire Chinese or Korean laborers for help, or even lease some of it back to its former Chinese owners, leading to uneasy, sometimes hostile relations between the groups.<ref name="Spector2007" />

When the [[Red Army]] [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria|invaded]] Manchukuo, they captured 850,000 Japanese settlers. With the exception of some civil servants and soldiers, these were [[Japanese repatriation from Huludao|repatriated to Japan in 1946–7]]. Many [[Japanese orphans in China]] were left behind in the confusion by the Japanese government and were adopted by Chinese families. Many, however, integrated well into Chinese society. In the 1980s Japan began to organize a repatriation program for them but not all chose to go back to Japan.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

The majority of Japanese left behind in China were women, and these Japanese women mostly married Chinese men and became known as "stranded war wives" (zanryu fujin).<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://japanfocus.org/-Rowena-Ward/2374/article.html | title=Left Behind: Japan's Wartime Defeat and the Stranded Women of Manchukuo | first=Rowena | last=Ward | date=1 March 2007 | journal=The Asia Pacific Journal | volume=5 | issue=3 | issn=1557-4660 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112110754/http://japanfocus.org/-Rowena-Ward/2374/article.html | archive-date=12 January 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Mackerras|first=Colin|title=Ethnicity in Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fDCsD-1zitUC&pg=PA59|year=2003|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=9780415258166|page=59}}</ref> Because they had children fathered by Chinese men, the Japanese women were not allowed to bring their Chinese families back with them to Japan, so most of them stayed. Japanese law allowed children fathered only by Japanese to become Japanese citizens.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}