Editing Long Beach, California (section)

===2000===

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/http://www.census.gov/ |archive-date=December 27, 1996 |url-status=live }}</ref> of 2000, there were 461,522 people, 163,088 households, and 99,646 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|9,149.8|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|inhabitants&nbsp;|inhabitants}}. There were 171,632 dwelling units at an average density of {{convert|3,402.6|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 45.2% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 14.9% Black or African American (U.S. Census), 0.8% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 12.1% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.2% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 20.6% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 5.3% from two or more races. [[Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people of any race were 35.8% of the population.

The city has changed since the 1950s, when its population was predominantly European-American and the city was nicknamed "Iowa by the Sea" or "Iowa under Palm Trees" as it had a slower pace than neighboring Los Angeles. In 1950, whites represented 97.4% of Long Beach's population.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For Large Cities And Other Urban Places In The United States |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=December 24, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 }}</ref> Since the second half of the 20th century, the city has been a major port of entry for Asian and Latin American immigrants headed to Los Angeles. The Harbor section of downtown Long Beach was once home to people of [[Dutch American|Dutch]], [[Greek American|Greek]], [[Italian American|Italian]], [[Maltese American|Maltese]], [[Portuguese American|Portuguese]] and [[Spanish American|Spanish]] ancestry, most of them employed in manufacturing and fish canneries until the 1960s.

According to a report by ''[[USA Today]]'' in 2000, Long Beach is the most ethnically diverse large city in the United States.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/22/AR2007012201143_2.html | title=Long Beach Awaits Hate-Crime Verdict | work=Washington Post website | first=Sonya | last=Geis | date=January 23, 2007 | access-date=May 11, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108165441/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/22/AR2007012201143_2.html | archive-date=November 8, 2012 | url-status=live }}</ref> It has a relatively high proportion of Pacific Islanders (over 1% as of the 2000 Census), from [[Samoa]] and [[Tonga]]. Most [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indians]], about 0.8% of the city's population, arrived during the [[Department of the Interior]]'s [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]] urban relocation programs in the 1950s.

Long Beach once had a sizable [[Japanese American]] population, which largely worked in the fish canneries on [[Terminal Island]] and on small truck farms in the area. In 1942, not long after the [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]] and subsequent [[Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire]], President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] issued United States Executive Order 9066 which allowed military commanders to designate areas "from which any or all persons may be excluded". Under this order, all Japanese and Americans of Japanese ancestry were [[Japanese American internment|categorically removed from Western coastal regions]] and sent to [[internment camp]]s, without regard for [[due process]].<ref>[https://oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt367n993t&brand=calisphere&doc.view=entire_text Terminal Island Life History Project]</ref>
[[File:Wrigley Long Beach California.jpg|thumb|The [[Wrigley Neighborhood, Long Beach, California|Wrigley]] neighborhood]]

24,000 [[Jews]] live in Long Beach. Jews are concentrated in Rossmor, Los Alamitos, Seal Beach, and Lakewood in the Greater Long Beach area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/long-beach|title=Long Beach, California}}</ref>

As of the 2000 census, there were 163,088 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. Of all households, 29.6% were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.55.

In the city, 29.2% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 32.9% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,270, and the median income for a family was $40,002. Males had a median income of $36,807 versus $31,975 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $19,040. About 19.3% of families and 22.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 32.7% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over. In 2008, the Census Bureau showed the number of people living below the poverty line had dropped to 18.2%.<ref>{{cite news | last = Meeks | first = Karen Robes | title = Poverty rate in L.B. falls to 18.2% | work = [[Long Beach Press-Telegram]] | date = August 26, 2008 | url = http://www.presstelegram.com/news/ci_10312127 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081210085521/http://www.presstelegram.com/news/ci_10312127 | archive-date = December 10, 2008 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The most commonly reported ancestries of Long Beach residents were [[Mexican Americans|Mexican]] (28.1%) and [[German Americans|German]] (5.5%), according to the 2000 census. [[Mexico]] (51.0%) and the [[Philippines]] (10.3%) were the most common foreign places of birth.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://maps.latimes.com/neighborhoods/neighborhood/long-beach/index.html|title=Long Beach Profile – Mapping L.A.|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref>