Editing Kitten (section)

==Orphaned kittens==
[[File:Black Cat Nala.jpg|thumb|A young orphaned [[black cat|black kitten]], showing signs of [[malnourishment]]]]
Kittens require a high-calorie diet that contains more protein than the diet of adult cats.{{sfn|Rogers|Morris|1979|pp=718–723}} Young orphaned kittens require cat milk every two to four hours, and they need physical stimulation to defecate and urinate.{{sfn|Pet Education 2011}} Cat milk replacement is manufactured to feed to young kittens, because [[Dairy cattle|cow]]'s milk does not provide all the necessary nutrients.{{sfn|Guilford|1994|pp=2663–2669}} Human-reared kittens tend to be very affectionate with humans as adults and sometimes more dependent on them than kittens reared by their mothers, but they can also show volatile mood swings and aggression.{{sfn|Heath|2005|p=102}} Depending on the age at which they were orphaned and how long they were without their mothers, these kittens may be severely underweight and can have health problems later in life, such as heart conditions. The compromised immune system of orphaned kittens (from lack of antibodies found naturally in the mother's milk) can make them especially susceptible to infections, making antibiotics a necessity.{{sfn|Messonnier|2010|p=375}}