Editing Java (section)

===Religion===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Java (2023)<ref name="RELIGION">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|publisher=[[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|date=31 December 2023|access-date=11 March 2024|language=id |title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan }}</ref>
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 96.06
|color1 = DarkGreen
|label2 = [[Protestant]]
|value2 = 2.26
|color2 = DarkBlue
|label3 = [[Roman Catholic]]
|value3 = 1.07
|color3 = Purple
|label4 = [[Buddhism]]
|value4 = 0.48
|color4 = Gold
|label5 = [[Hinduism]]
|value5 = 0.11
|color5 = DarkOrange
|label6 = [[Aliran Kepercayaan]]
|value6 = 0.01
|color6 = Black
|label7 = [[Confucianism]]
|value7 = 0.013
|color7 = Red
}}
[[South Asia|Indian]] influences came first with [[Shaivism]] and [[Buddhism]] penetrating deeply into society, blending with indigenous tradition and culture.<ref name="kroef1961">{{cite journal |first=Justus M. |last=van der Kroef |title=New Religious Sects in Java |journal=Far Eastern Survey |volume=30 |issue=2 |year=1961 |pages=18–25 |doi=10.2307/3024260 |jstor=3024260}}</ref> One [[Conduit (spiritualism)|conduit]] for this were the [[asceticism|ascetic]]s, called ''resi'', who taught mystical practices. A ''resi'' lived surrounded by students, who took care of their master's daily needs. Resi's authorities were merely ceremonial. At the courts, [[Brahmin]] clerics and ''pudjangga'' (sacred literati) legitimised rulers and linked [[Hinduism|Hindu]] cosmology to their political needs.<ref name="kroef1961"/> Small [[Hindu]] enclaves are scattered throughout Java, but there is a large [[Hindu]] population along the eastern coast nearest [[Bali]], especially around the town of [[Banyuwangi]].{{cn|date=December 2023}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Religions !! Total 
|-
| [[Islam]] || style="text-align:right;"|151,001,350
|-
| [[Protestant]] || style="text-align:right;"|3,551,176
|-
| [[Roman Catholic]] || style="text-align:right;"|1,677,824
|-
| [[Buddhism]] || style="text-align:right;"|755,560
|-
| [[Hinduism]] || style="text-align:right;"|168,055
|-
| [[Aliran Kepercayaan]] || style="text-align:right;"|21,855
|-
| [[Confucianism]] || style="text-align:right;"|20,303
|-
| '''Overall''' || style="text-align:right;"|'''157,196,123''' 
|}<ref name="RELIGION"/>
The coming of [[Islam]], strengthened the status structure of this traditional religious pattern. More than 98 percent of the [[Muslims]] in Java are [[Sunni|Sunnis]] with very minority being [[Shia]] and [[Ahmadis]] (respectively 1% and 0.2%), on a broad continuum between ''[[abangan]]'' (more syncretic) and ''[[santri]]'' (more orthodox). Muslim scholars (''[[Kyai]]'') became the new religious elite as Hindu influences receded. Islam recognises no hierarchy of religious leaders nor a formal [[Clergy|priesthood]], but the [[Dutch East India Company|Dutch colonial government]] established an elaborate rank order for mosque and other Islamic preaching schools. In Javanese ''[[pesantren]]'' (Islamic schools), the ''Kyai'' perpetuated the tradition of the ''resi''. Students around him provided his needs, even [[peasant]]s around the school.<ref name="kroef1961"/>

<gallery class="center" mode="packed">
File:Pura Parahyangan Agung Jagatkartta, Candi Siliwangi Shrine.jpg|A [[Hindu]] shrine dedicated to [[King Siliwangi]] in [[Pura Parahyangan Agung Jagatkarta]], [[Bogor]]
File:Candi Mendut 1.jpg|Mendut Vihara, a Buddhist monastery near [[Mendut]] temple, [[Magelang]]
File:Masjid Agung Yogyakarta.jpg|[[Kauman Great Mosque|Masjid Gedhe Kauman]] in [[Yogyakarta]], built in traditional Javanese multi-tiered roof
File:Ganjuran Church, exterior 01.jpg|[[Ganjuran Church]] in [[Bantul]], built in traditional [[Javanese culture|Javanese architecture]]
</gallery>

Pre-Islamic Javan traditions have encouraged Islam in a mystical direction. There emerged in Java a loosely structured society of religious leadership, revolving around ''kyais'', possessing various degrees of proficiency in pre-Islamic and Islamic [[Folklore|lore]], [[belief]] and practice.<ref name="kroef1961"/> The kyais are the principal intermediaries between the villages masses and the realm of the [[supernatural]]. However, this very looseneess of kyai leadership structure has promoted [[schism (religion)|schism]]. There were often sharp divisions between orthodox kyais, who merely instructed in Islamic law, with those who taught [[mysticism]] and those who sought to reform Islam with modern scientific concepts. As a result, there is a division between ''santri'', who believe that they are more orthodox in their Islamic belief and practice, with ''[[abangan]]'', who have mixed pre-Islamic [[animism|animistic]] and Hindu-Indian concepts with a superficial acceptance of Islamic belief.<ref name="kroef1961"/>

There are also [[Christians|Christian]] communities, mostly in the larger cities, primarily among [[Chinese Indonesian]] and minority [[Javanese people|Javanese]] even some rural areas of south-central Java are strongly [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]. [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] communities also exist in the major cities, primarily among the [[Chinese Indonesian]]. The Indonesian constitution recognises six official religions.

A wider effect of this division is the number of sects. In the middle of 1956, the Department of Religious Affairs in [[Yogyakarta]] reported 63 religious sects in Java other than the official Indonesian religions. Of these, 35 were in [[Central Java]], 22 in [[West Java]] and six in [[East Java]].<ref name="kroef1961"/> These include [[Javanese beliefs|Kejawen]], [[Javanese beliefs|Sumarah]], [[Subud]], etc. Their total membership is difficult to estimate as many of their adherents identify themselves with one of the official religions.<ref name="Beatty">Beatty, Andrew, ''Varieties of Javanese Religion: An Anthropological Account'', Cambridge University Press 1999, {{ISBN|0-521-62473-8}}</ref> [[Sunda Wiwitan]] is a traditional [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] religion, its adherents still exist in several villages.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2dcTAQAAMAAJ&q=sunda+wiwitan+religion |title=Tempo: Indonesia's Weekly News Magazine |date=2006 |publisher=Arsa Raya Perdana |language=en}}</ref>