Editing Jack Johnson (boxer) (section)

===Prison sentence===
[[File:Jack Johnson and wife Lucille LCCN98510494 (cropped 2).jpg|thumb|Johnson with his wife Lucille in 1921. Their relationship led to Johnson's first 1912 arrest.|alt=]]
On October 18, 1912, Johnson was arrested on the grounds that his relationship with Lucille Cameron violated the Mann Act against "transporting women across state lines for immoral purposes" due to her being an alleged prostitute. Her mother also swore that her daughter was insane.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arrest Jack Johnson For Abducting Girl |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2051090/arrest_jack_johnson_for_abducting_girl/ |work=The York Daily |location=[[York, Pennsylvania]] |date=October 19, 1912 |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Cameron, soon to become his second wife, refused to cooperate and the case fell apart.

Less than a month later, Johnson was arrested again on similar charges.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/24/sports/jack-johnson-pardon-trump.html|title=Trump Expected to Pardon Jack Johnson As Heavyweight Champions Gather|date=2018-05-24|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-05-24|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> This time, the woman, another alleged prostitute named Belle Schreiber,<ref name="auto2"/> with whom he had been involved in 1909 and 1910, testified against him. In the courtroom of [[Kenesaw Mountain Landis]], the future [[Commissioner of Baseball (MLB)|Commissioner of Baseball]] who perpetuated the [[baseball color line]] until his death, Johnson was convicted by an [[all-white jury]] in June 1913,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/sportscentury/features/00014275.html|title=ESPN.com: Johnson boxed, lived on own terms|publisher=Espn.go.com |access-date=September 30, 2014}}</ref> although the incidents used to convict him took place before passage of the Mann Act.<ref name=Burns/> He was sentenced to a year and a day in prison.

Johnson skipped bail and left the country, joining Lucille in [[Montreal]] on June 25, before fleeing to France. To flee to Canada, Johnson posed as a member of a black baseball team. They lived in exile in Europe, South America, and Mexico for the next seven years. Johnson returned to the U.S. on July 20, 1920. He surrendered to federal agents at the Mexican border and was sent to the [[United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth]], to serve his sentence in September 1920.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dbs.ohiohistory.org/africanam/page1.cfm?ItemID=9839 |title=Cleveland Advocate 2 October 1920 |publisher=Dbs.ohiohistory.org |access-date=September 30, 2014 |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928084441/http://dbs.ohiohistory.org/africanam/page1.cfm?ItemID=9839 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was released on July 9, 1921.<ref name=Burns/>

==== Presidential pardon ====
[[File:2018-05-24 Trump (posthumous) Pardon jack johnson 2018 05 25 0.pdf|thumb|May 2018 pardon granted by Donald Trump]]

President [[Donald Trump]] granted Johnson a posthumous [[presidential pardon]] after recurring proposals to grant one had not been acted on by previous administrations. In April 2018, Trump announced that he was considering granting a full pardon to Johnson on the advice of actor [[Sylvester Stallone]].<ref name=Politico20180421>{{cite web |last1=Griffiths |first1=Brent D. |title=Trump says he's 'considering' a pardon for boxer Jack Johnson |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/21/trump-pardon-jack-johnson-boxer-544930 |publisher=Politico |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422031538/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/21/trump-pardon-jack-johnson-boxer-544930 |archive-date=April 22, 2018 |date=April 21, 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> Trump pardoned Johnson on May 24, 2018, 105 years after his conviction, during a ceremony which included special guests Sylvester Stallone (actor), [[Deontay Wilder]] (then current WBC Champion), [[Lennox Lewis]] (WBC Former Champion), [[Mauricio Sulaiman]] (WBC President), Linda Bell Haywood (Johnson's great-great niece), and Hector Sulaiman (President of the Board of Advisors of Scholas Occurrentes).<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/24/sports/jack-johnson-pardon-trump.html |title=Trump Pardons Jack Johnson, Heavyweight Boxing Champion |last1=Eligon|first1=John|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|date=May 24, 2018 |website=The New York Times|access-date=May 26, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/24/sports/jack-johnson-racism.html|title=Missed in Coverage of Jack Johnson, the Racism Around Him |last1=Eligon |first1=John|last2=Thorpe|first2=Brandon K.|date=May 24, 2018|website=The New York Times|access-date=May 26, 2018}}</ref>

A bill which requested that President [[George W. Bush]] pardon Johnson passed the House in 2008,<ref>{{cite news |title=House seeks presidential pardon for boxing champ |work=[[The Argus-Press]] |agency=Associated Press |date=September 27, 2008 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xYkxAAAAIBAJ&pg=6150,1822850 |access-date=August 12, 2016}}</ref> but failed to pass in the Senate.<ref>{{cite news |title=Senate urges Obama to pardon former champ |work=[[Lodi News-Sentinel]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=June 25, 2009 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ssI0AAAAIBAJ&pg=4335,4609887 |access-date=August 12, 2016}}</ref> In April 2009, Senator [[John McCain]], along with Representative [[Peter T. King|Peter King]], film maker [[Ken Burns]], and Johnson's great-niece, Linda Haywood, requested a presidential pardon for Johnson from President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbssports.com/boxing/story/11574725/|title=Columns|work=CBSSports.com|access-date=November 27, 2014}}</ref> In July of that year, Congress passed a resolution calling on President Obama to issue a pardon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesweetscience.com/boxing-article/7058/congress-passes-jack-johnson-resolution/|title=Congress Passes Jack Johnson Resolution|work=The Sweet Science|access-date=September 30, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312155742/http://www.thesweetscience.com/boxing-article/7058/congress-passes-jack-johnson-resolution/|archive-date=March 12, 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In 2016, another petition for Johnson's pardon was issued by McCain, King, Senator [[Harry Reid]], and Congressman [[Gregory Meeks]] to President Obama, marking the 70th anniversary since the boxer's death.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/01/politics/john-mccain-harry-reid-jack-johnson/index.html|title=John McCain, Harry Reid ask Obama to pardon boxer Jack Johnson|work=CNN|access-date=July 1, 2016}}</ref> This time, the petitioners cited a provision of the [[Every Student Succeeds Act]], signed by the president in December 2015, in which Congress expressed that this boxing great should receive a posthumous pardon, and a vote by the [[United States Commission on Civil Rights]] passed unanimously a week earlier in June 2016 to "right this century-old wrong."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mccain.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/ab272bb9-6132-49cc-9016-6cacf7c8492c/letter-to-potus-re-jack-johnson-pardon-6-30-16.pdf|title=Letter to POTUS Re Jack Johnson Pardon|work=McCain Letter PDF|access-date=July 1, 2016}}</ref>

[[Mike Tyson]], [[Harry Reid]], and John McCain lent their support to the campaign, starting a [[Change.org]] petition asking President Obama to posthumously pardon the world's first African American heavyweight boxing champion for his racially motivated 1913 felony conviction.<ref name="IBT">{{cite news |url=http://www.salon.com/2013/04/06/new_push_to_pardon_boxing_legend_jack_johnson_partner/ |title=New push to pardon boxing legend Jack Johnson |author=Eric Brown |date=April 7, 2013 |work=Salon.com |access-date=August 29, 2014}}</ref>