Editing Inflammation (section)

=== Cell-derived mediators ===
{{small|''* non-exhaustive list''}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Name || Type || Source || Description
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| align="center" | '''[[Granule (cell biology)|Lysosome granules]]''' || align="center" | ''[[Enzyme]]s'' || align="center" | [[Granulocyte]]s || These cells contain a large variety of enzymes that perform a number of functions. Granules can be classified as either ''[[Specific granules|specific]]'' or ''[[azurophil]]ic'' depending upon the contents, and are able to break down a number of substances, some of which may be plasma-derived proteins that allow these enzymes to act as inflammatory mediators.
|-
| align="center" | '''[[Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor|GM-CSF]]''' || align="center" | ''[[Glycoprotein]]'' || align="center" | Macrophages, monocytes, T-cells, B-cells, and tissue-resident cells || Elevated GM-CSF has been shown to contribute to inflammation in [[inflammatory arthritis]], [[osteoarthritis]], [[colitis]] [[asthma]], [[obesity]], and [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]].
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| align="center" | '''[[Histamine]]''' || align="center" | ''[[Monoamine]]'' || align="center" | Mast cells and basophils || Stored in preformed granules, histamine is released in response to a number of stimuli. It causes [[arteriole]] dilation, increased [[venous]] permeability, and a wide variety of organ-specific effects.
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| align="center" | '''[[Interferon gamma|IFN-γ]]''' || align="center" | ''[[Cytokine]]'' || align="center" | T-cells, NK cells || Antiviral, immunoregulatory, and anti-tumour properties. This interferon was originally called macrophage-activating factor, and is especially important in the maintenance of chronic inflammation.
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| align="center" | '''[[Interleukin 6|IL-6]]''' || align="center" | ''[[Cytokine]]'' and ''[[Myokine]]'' || align="center" | Macrophages, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and smooth muscle cells (cytokine) Skeletal muscle cells (myokine) || Pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by macrophages in response to [[pathogen-associated molecular pattern]]s (PAMPs); pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by adipocytes, especially in obesity; anti-inflammatory myokine secreted by skeletal muscle cells in response to exercise.
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| align="center" | '''[[Interleukin 8|IL-8]]''' || align="center" | ''[[Chemokine]]'' || align="center" | Primarily [[macrophage]]s || Activation and chemoattraction of neutrophils, with a weak effect on monocytes and eosinophils.
|-
| align="center" | '''[[Leukotriene B4]]''' || align="center" | ''[[Eicosanoid]]'' || align="center" | [[Leukocytes]], cancer cells || Able to mediate leukocyte adhesion and activation, allowing them to bind to the endothelium and migrate across it. In neutrophils, it is also a potent chemoattractant, and is able to induce the formation of reactive oxygen species and the release of lysosomal enzymes by these cells.
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| align="center" | '''[[LTC4]]''', '''[[LTD4]]''' || align="center" | ''[[Eicosanoid]]'' || align="center" | [[eosinophils]], [[mast cells]], [[macrophages]] || These three [[Cysteine]]-containing leukotrienes contract lung airways, increase micro-vascular permeability, stimulate mucus secretion, and promote eosinophil-based inflammation in the lung, skin, nose, eye, and other tissues.
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| align="center" | '''[[5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid]]''' || align="center" | ''[[Eicosanoid]]'' || align="center" | [[Leukocytes]], cancer cells || Potent stimulator of neutrophil chemotaxis, lysosome enzyme release, and reactive oxygen species formation; monocyte chemotaxis; and with even greater potency eosinophil chemotaxis, lysosome enzyme release, and reactive oxygen species formation.
|-
| align="center" | '''[[5-HETE]]''' || align="center" | ''[[Eicosanoid]]'' || align="center" | [[Leukocytes]] || Metabolic precursor to 5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, it is a less potent stimulator of neutrophil chemotaxis, lysosome enzyme release, and reactive oxygen species formation; monocyte chemotaxis; and eosinophil chemotaxis, lysosome enzyme release, and reactive oxygen species formation.
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| align="center" | '''[[Prostaglandin]]s''' || align="center" | ''[[Eicosanoid]]'' || align="center" | Mast cells || A group of lipids that can cause vasodilation, fever, and pain.
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| align="center" | '''[[Nitric oxide]]''' || align="center" | ''Soluble gas'' || align="center" | Macrophages, endothelial cells, some neurons || Potent vasodilator, relaxes smooth muscle, reduces platelet aggregation, aids in leukocyte recruitment, direct antimicrobial activity in high concentrations.
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| align="center" | '''[[Tumor necrosis factor-alpha|TNF-α]] and [[Interleukin 1|IL-1]]''' || align="center" | ''[[Cytokine]]s'' || align="center" | Primarily macrophages || Both affect a wide variety of cells to induce many similar inflammatory reactions: fever, production of cytokines, endothelial gene regulation, chemotaxis, leukocyte adherence, activation of [[fibroblast]]s. Responsible for the systemic effects of inflammation, such as loss of appetite and increased heart rate. TNF-α inhibits osteoblast differentiation.
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| align="center" | '''[[Tryptase]]''' || align="center" | ''[[Enzyme]]s'' || align="center" | Mast Cells || This serine protease is believed to be exclusively stored in mast cells and secreted, along with histamine, during mast cell activation.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK200913/ |title=Itch: Mechanisms and Treatment |vauthors=Carstens E, Akiyama T, Cevikbas F, Kempkes C, Buhl T, Mess C, Buddenkotte J, Steinhoff M |date=2014 |publisher=CRC Press/Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-4665-0543-8 |veditors=Carstens M, Akiyama T |series=Frontiers in Neuroscience |location=Boca Raton (FL) |chapter=Role of Interleukin-31 and Oncostatin M in Itch and Neuroimmune Communication |pmid=24830021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Caughey GH |date=June 2007 |title=Mast cell tryptases and chymases in inflammation and host defense |journal=Immunological Reviews |volume=217 |issue=1 |pages=141–54 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00509.x |pmc=2275918 |pmid=17498057}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Caughey GH |date=May 2016 |title=Mast cell proteases as pharmacological targets |journal=European Journal of Pharmacology |series=Pharmacological modulation of Mast cells and Basophils |volume=778 |pages=44–55 |doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.045 |pmc=4636979 |pmid=25958181}}</ref>
|}