Editing Infertility (section)

===Genetic===
{{Main|Genetics of infertility}}

Mutations to the NR5A1 gene encoding [[steroidogenic factor 1]] (SF-1) have been found in a small subset of men with non-obstructive male factor infertility, where the cause is unknown. Results of one study investigating a cohort of 315 men revealed changes within the hinge region of SF-1 and no rare [[Allele|allelic]] variants in fertile control men. Affected individuals displayed more severe forms of infertility such as [[azoospermia]] and severe [[Oligospermia|oligozoospermia]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ferraz-de-Souza B, Lin L, Achermann JC | title = Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1, NR5A1) and human disease | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 336 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 198–205 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21078366 | pmc = 3057017 | doi = 10.1016/j.mce.2010.11.006 }}</ref>

[[Small supernumerary marker chromosome]]s are abnormal extra chromosomes; they are three times more likely to occur in infertile individuals and account for 0.125% of all infertility cases.<ref name="pmid17390076">{{cite journal | vauthors = Liehr T, Weise A | title = Frequency of small supernumerary marker chromosomes in prenatal, newborn, developmentally retarded and infertility diagnostics | journal = International Journal of Molecular Medicine | volume = 19 | issue = 5 | pages = 719–731 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17390076 | doi =  }}</ref> See [[Small supernumerary marker chromosome#sSMC-associated infertility|Infertility associated with small supernumerary marker chromosomes]] and [[Genetics of infertility#Small supernumerary marker chromosomes and infertility]].