Editing Iceberg (section)

== In culture and metaphorical use==
[[File:Albert Bierstadt - The_Iceberg.jpg|thumb|alt=Painting of an large iceberg and a small skiff in the foreground|[[Albert Bierstadt]]'s painting ''The Iceberg'']]

One of the most infamous icebergs in history is the [[Iceberg that sank the Titanic|iceberg that sank the ''Titanic'']]. The catastrophe led to the establishment of an [[International Ice Patrol]] shortly afterwards. Icebergs in both the northern and southern hemispheres have often been compared in size to multiples of the {{convert|59.1|km2|sqmi}}-area of [[Manhattan Island]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/14/europe/greenland-arctic-ice-shelf-intl/index.html|title=A chunk of ice twice the size of Manhattan has broken off Greenland in the last two years|author=Zamira Rahim|publisher=CNN|date=September 14, 2020|access-date=September 19, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://earther.gizmodo.com/an-iceberg-30-times-the-size-of-manhattan-is-about-to-b-1832764641|title=An Iceberg 30 Times the Size of Manhattan Is About to Break Off Antarctica|author=Maddie Stone|website=[[Gizmodo]]|date=February 21, 2019|access-date=September 3, 2023|archive-date=October 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027051022/https://earther.gizmodo.com/an-iceberg-30-times-the-size-of-manhattan-is-about-to-b-1832764641|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/iceberg-bigger-manhattan-broke-antarctica-2018-11|title=An iceberg 5 times bigger than Manhattan just broke off from Antarctica|author=Lorraine Chow|website=[[Business Insider]]|date=November 1, 2018|access-date=October 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027051017/https://www.businessinsider.com/iceberg-bigger-manhattan-broke-antarctica-2018-11|archive-date=October 27, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.yahoo.com/iceberg-70-times-size-manhattan-114459703.html | title=An iceberg about 70 times the size of Manhattan broke off from Antarctica, creating the world's largest iceberg | date=20 May 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/11/04/americas/worlds-biggest-iceberg-a68a-intl/index.html | title=An iceberg 80 times the size of Manhattan could destroy a fragile South Atlantic ecosystem }}</ref>

Artists have used icebergs as the subject matter for their paintings. [[Frederic Edwin Church]], ''[[The Icebergs]]'', 1861 was painted from sketches Church completed on a boat trip off Newfoundland and Labrador.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Icebergs |url=https://dma.org/art/collection/object/4171219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719235827/https://dma.org/art/collection/object/4171219 |archive-date=July 19, 2023 |access-date=March 7, 2024 |website=Dallas Museum of Art}}</ref> [[Caspar David Friedrich]], ''[[The Sea of Ice]],'' 1823–1824 is a polar landscape with an iceberg and ship wreck depicting the dangers of such conditions''.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Online Collection - Caspar David Friedrich, The Sea of Ice, 1823/24 |url=https://online-sammlung.hamburger-kunsthalle.de/en/objekt/HK-1051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922122857/https://online-sammlung.hamburger-kunsthalle.de/en/objekt/HK-1051 |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |access-date=March 7, 2024 |website=Hamburger Kunsthalle |language=German}}</ref> [[William Bradford (painter)|William Bradford]] created detailed paintings of sailing ships set in arctic coasts and was fascinated by icebergs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Overeem |first=Irina |date=January 28, 2018 |title=Full article/ William Bradford/ Sailing Ships and Arctic Seas |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1657/1523-0430%282003%29035%5B0541%3ABR%5D2.0.CO%3B2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426024031/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1657/1523-0430(2003)035[0541%3ABR]2.0.CO%3B2 |archive-date=April 26, 2022 |access-date=March 7, 2024 |journal=Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research|volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=541 |doi=10.1657/1523-0430(2003)035[0541:BR]2.0.CO;2 |issn=1523-0430 }}</ref> [[Albert Bierstadt]] made studies on arctic trips aboard steamships in 1883 and 1884 that were the basis of his paintings of arctic scenes with colossal icebergs made in the studio.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Albert Bierstadt (1830-1902), Icebergs |url=https://www.christies.com.cn/en/lot/lot-6134527 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308004355/https://www.christies.com.cn/en/lot/lot-6134527 |archive-date=March 8, 2024 |access-date=March 8, 2024 |website=Christie's}}</ref>

American poet, [[Lydia Sigourney]], wrote the poem [[:s:Poems_for_the_Sea/Icebergs|"Icebergs"]]. While on a return journey from Europe in 1841, her steamship encountered a field of icebergs overnight, during an [[Aurora Borealis]]. The ship made it through unscathed to the next morning, when the sun rose and "touched the crowns, Of all those arctic kings".<ref>{{cite book |last=Sigourney |first=Lydia |author-link=Lydia Sigourney |chapter=[[:s:Poems_for_the_Sea/Icebergs|Icebergs]] |title=[[:s:Poems for the Sea|Poems for the Sea]] |year=1850 |publisher=H. S. Parsons & Company}}</ref>

Because much of an iceberg is below the water's surface and not readily visible, the expression "tip of [an] iceberg" is often used to illustrate that what is visible or addressable is a small part of a larger unseen issue. [[Metaphor]]ical references to icebergs include the [[iceberg theory]] or theory of omission in writing adopted, for example, by [[Ernest Hemingway]], [[Sigmund Freud]]'s iceberg model of the [[psyche (psychology)|psyche]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Heffner|first=Christopher|title=Freud's Structural and Topographical Models of Personality|url=http://allpsych.com/psychology101/ego.html|website=Psychology 101|access-date=5 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110913161450/http://allpsych.com/psychology101/ego.html|archive-date=13 September 2011}}</ref> the "behavioural iceberg",<ref>[[London Borough of Bromley]]: Bromley Parenting Hub, [https://www.bromley.gov.uk/downloads/file/2837/activity-7-the-behavioural-iceberg Activity #07: The behavioural iceberg], published in October 2021, accessed on 22 April 2025</ref> and models analysing the frequencies of accidents and underlying errors.<ref>Wright, L., "[https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=ceb4444ee545cfd17906aa9947ba4f252dafc3f7#page=157 Towards an Empirical Test of the Iceberg Model"] in the Proceedings of the [[European Commission Joint Research Centre]]'s EAM 2000, 19th European Annual Conference on Human Decision Making and Manual Control, Ispra, 26-28 June 2000, pages 145-152, accessed on 22 April 2025</ref>