Editing Holy Roman Empire (section)

===== Creation of institutions =====
[[File:Innsbruck - painting of Albrecht Dürer.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Innsbruck, most important political centre under Maximilian,{{Sfn|Pavlac|Lott|2019|p=249}} seat of the ''Hofkammer'' (Court Treasury) and the Court Chancery, which functioned as "the most influential body in Maximilian's government".{{Sfn|Brady|2009|p=211}} Painting of Albrecht Dürer (1496)]]

Major measures for the Reform were launched at the [[1495 Reichstag]] at [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]. A new organ was introduced, the ''[[Reichskammergericht]]'', that was to be largely independent from the Emperor. A new tax was launched to finance it, the ''Gemeine Pfennig'', although this would only be collected under Charles V and Ferdinand I, and not fully.<ref name="Tracy 163">{{Cite book|last=Tracy|first=James D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KHCPDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA163|title=Balkan Wars: Habsburg Croatia, Ottoman Bosnia, and Venetian Dalmatia, 1499–1617|date=2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-1360-9|page=163|language=en|access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite book|last=Ágoston|first=Gábor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXALEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA312|title=The Last Muslim Conquest: The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe|date= 2021|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-6912-0538-0|page=312|language=en|access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref>{{Sfn|Whaley|2012a|p=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160629134300/https://books.google.com/books?id=UiFWYsG-t7UC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Germany+and+the+Holy+Roman+Empire+Volume+I&source=bl&ots=IvHjooiUip&sig=4g3acx620VKwkAhPhSuR8m0q0-U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=d_oCUIX7EoGQ8wSX95n7Bw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Gemeine%20Pfennig&f=false]}}

To create a rival for the ''[[Reichskammergericht]]'', Maximilian established the ''[[Aulic Council|Reichshofrat]]'' in 1497, which had its seat in Vienna. During Maximilian's reign, this council was not popular though. In the long run, the two Courts functioned in parallel, sometimes overlapping.{{Sfn|Pavlac|Lott|2019|p=143}}{{Sfn|Brady|2009|p=429}}

In 1500, Maximilian agreed to establish an organ called the ''[[Reichsregiment]]'' (central imperial government, consisting of twenty members including the Electors, with the Emperor or his representative as its chairman), first organized in 1501 in [[Nuremberg]]. But Maximilian resented the new organization, while the Estates failed to support it. The new organ proved politically weak, and its power returned to Maximilian in 1502.{{Sfn|Erbe|2000|pp=19–30}}{{Sfn|Brady|2009|p=429}}{{Sfn|Whaley|2011|p=61}}

The most important governmental changes targeted the heart of the regime: the chancery. Early in Maximilian's reign, the Court Chancery at Innsbruck competed with the Imperial Chancery (which was under the elector-archbishop of Mainz, the senior Imperial chancellor). By referring the political matters in Tyrol, Austria as well as Imperial problems to the Court Chancery, Maximilian gradually centralized its authority. The two chanceries became combined in 1502.{{Sfn|Brady|2009|p=211}} In 1496, the emperor created a general treasury (''Hofkammer'') in Innsbruck, which became responsible for all the hereditary lands. The chamber of accounts (''Raitkammer'') at Vienna was made subordinate to this body.{{Sfn|Berenger|Simpson|2014|p=132}} Under {{ill|Paul von Liechtenstein|de|Paul von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn}}, the ''Hofkammer'' was entrusted with not only hereditary lands' affairs, but Maximilian's affairs as the German king too.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gosman|first1=Martin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6cqMgy6ZxlMC&pg=PA298|title=Princes and Princely Culture: 1450–1650|last2=Alasdair|first2=A.|last3=MacDonald|first3=A.|last4=Macdonald|first4=Alasdair James|last5=Vanderjagt|first5=Arie Johan|date=2003|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-9-0041-3572-7|page=298|access-date=24 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024064350/https://books.google.com/books?id=6cqMgy6ZxlMC&pg=PA298|archive-date=24 October 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>