Editing History of Scotland (section)

===Jacobitism===
{{Main|Jacobitism}}
[[File:William Mosman - Prince Charles Edward Stuart, 1720 - 1788. Eldest son of Prince James Francis Edward Stuart - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Charles Edward Stuart]], known as ''The Young Pretender'' and ''Bonnie Prince Charlie'', who led the '45 rising]]

Jacobitism was revived by the unpopularity of the union.<ref name="Pittock1998p32">M. Pittock, ''Jacobitism'' (St. Martin's Press, 1998), p. 32.</ref> In 1708, James Francis Edward Stuart, the son of James VII, who became known as "The Old Pretender", attempted an invasion with a French fleet carrying 6,000 men, but the Royal Navy prevented it from landing troops.<ref>Pittock, ''Jacobitism'', p. 33.</ref> A more serious attempt occurred in 1715, soon after the death of Anne and the accession of the first Hanoverian king, the eldest son of Sophie, as [[George I of Great Britain]]. This rising (known as ''The 'Fifteen'') envisaged simultaneous uprisings in Wales, Devon, and Scotland. However, government arrests forestalled the southern ventures. In Scotland, John Erskine, [[Earl of Mar]], nicknamed ''Bobbin' John'', raised the Jacobite clans but proved to be an indecisive leader and an incompetent soldier. 

Mar captured Perth, but let a smaller government force under the [[John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll|Duke of Argyll]] hold the Stirling plain. Part of Mar's army joined up with risings in northern England and southern Scotland, and the Jacobites fought their way into England before being defeated at the [[Battle of Preston (1715)|Battle of Preston]], surrendering on 14 November 1715. The day before, Mar had failed to defeat Argyll at the [[Battle of Sheriffmuir]]. At this point, James belatedly landed in Scotland, but was advised that the cause was hopeless. He fled back to France. An attempted Jacobite invasion with Spanish assistance in 1719 met with little support from the clans and ended in defeat at the [[Battle of Glen Shiel]].<ref>{{Harvp|Mitchison|2002|pp=269–274}}.</ref>

In 1745, the Jacobite rising known as ''The 'Forty-Five'' began. [[Charles Edward Stuart]], son of the ''Old Pretender'', often referred to as ''Bonnie Prince Charlie'' or the ''Young Pretender'', landed on the island of [[Eriskay]] in the [[Outer Hebrides]].<ref>[[Moray McLaren|M. McLaren]], ''Bonnie Prince Charlie'' (Dorset Press, 1972), pp. 39–40.</ref>
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