Editing Hepatitis C (section)

=== Screening ===
It is believed that only 5–50% of those infected in the United States and Canada are aware of their status.<ref name=Tato2010 /> Routine screening for those between the ages of 18 and 79 was recommended by the [[United States Preventive Services Task Force]] in 2020.<ref name=USPSTF>{{cite journal | vauthors = Owens DK, Davidson KW, Krist AH, Barry MJ, Cabana M, Caughey AB, Donahue K, Doubeni CA, Epling JW, Kubik M, Ogedegbe G, Pbert L, Silverstein M, Simon MA, Tseng CW, Wong JB | display-authors = 6 | title = Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement | journal = JAMA | volume = 323 | issue = 10 | pages = 970–975 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 32119076 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2020.1123 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Previously, testing was recommended for those at high risk, including injection drug users, those who have received blood transfusions before 1992,<ref name="Moyer2013"/> those who have been incarcerated, those on long-term [[hemodialysis]],<ref name=Moyer2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Moyer VA | title = Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement | journal = Annals of Internal Medicine | volume = 159 | issue = 5 | pages = 349–57 | date = September 2013 | pmid = 23798026 | doi = 10.7326/0003-4819-159-5-201309030-00672 | url = https://semanticscholar.org/paper/cc502bd0e6ef93d2c52e48d32c1923eb1f32d8de | s2cid = 8563203 }}</ref> and those with tattoos.<ref name=Tato2010 /> Screening is also recommended for those with elevated liver enzymes, as this is frequently the only sign of chronic hepatitis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Senadhi V | title = A paradigm shift in the outpatient approach to liver function tests | journal = Southern Medical Journal | volume = 104 | issue = 7 | pages = 521–5 | date = July 2011 | pmid = 21886053 | doi = 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31821e8ff5 | s2cid = 26462106 }}</ref> {{As of|2012}}, the U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) recommends a single screening test for those born between 1945 and 1965.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith BD, Morgan RL, Beckett GA, Falck-Ytter Y, Holtzman D, Teo CG, Jewett A, Baack B, Rein DB, Patel N, Alter M, Yartel A, Ward JW | display-authors = 6 | title = Recommendations for the identification of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among persons born during 1945-1965 | journal = MMWR. Recommendations and Reports | volume = 61 | issue = RR-4 | pages = 1–32 | date = August 2012 | pmid = 22895429 | url = https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr6104.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Testing Recommendations for Hepatitis C Virus Infection – HCV – Division of Viral Hepatitis | website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) | date=12 June 2019 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/guidelinesc.htm | access-date=11 January 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=People Born 1945–1965 (Baby Boomers) – Populations and Settings – Division of Viral Hepatitis | website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) | date=26 July 2019 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/populations/1945-1965.htm | access-date=11 January 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022221926/https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/populations/1945-1965.htm | archive-date=22 October 2019 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Final Update Summary: Hepatitis C: Screening | website=US Preventive Services Task Force | url=https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/hepatitis-c-screening | access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref> In Canada, a one-time screening is recommended for those born between 1945 and 1975.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shah H, Bilodeau M, Burak KW, Cooper C, Klein M, Ramji A, Smyth D, Feld JJ | display-authors = 6 | title = The management of chronic hepatitis C: 2018 guideline update from the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver | journal = CMAJ | volume = 190 | issue = 22 | pages = E677–E687 | date = June 2018 | pmid = 29866893 | pmc = 5988519 | doi = 10.1503/cmaj.170453 }}</ref>