Editing Grammatical aspect (section)

=== Hindi ===
{{main|Hindi verbs#Aspects}}
[[Hindi]] has three aspects, [[habitual aspect]], [[perfective aspect]] and the [[Continuous and progressive aspects|progressive aspect]]. Each of these three aspects are formed from their participles. The aspects of Hindi when conjugated into their personal forms can be put into five grammatical moods: [[Realis mood|indicative]], [[Irrealis mood|presumptive]], [[Subjunctive mood|subjunctive]], [[Counterfactual conditional|contrafactual]], and [[Imperative mood|imperative]]. In Hindi, the aspect marker is overtly separated from the tense/mood marker. [[Periphrasis|Periphrastic]] Hindi verb forms consist of two elements. The first of these two elements is the aspect marker. The second element (the copula) is the common tense/mood marker.<ref name=":13" />

There are a couple of verbs which can be used as the copula to the aspectual participles: होना (honā) [to be, happen], रहना (rêhnā) [to stay, remain], आना (ānā) [to come], and जाना (jānā) [to go]. Each of these copulas provide a unique nuance to the aspect. The default (unmarked) copula is होना (honā) [to be]. These copulas can themselves be conjugated into an aspectual participle and used with another copula, hence forming subaspects. (Seeː [[Hindi verbs]])<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":22">{{Cite book|last=Shapiro|first=Michael C.|title=A Primer of Modern Standard Hindi|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|year=1989|isbn=81-208-0475-9|location=New Delhi|pages=216–246}}</ref> 
{| class="wikitable"
!''Simple''
''Aspect''
! colspan="3" |''Perfective''
''Aspect''
! colspan="4" |''Habitual''
''Aspect''
! colspan="2" |''Progressive''
''Aspect''
!''Translation''
|-
|''होना'' 
''honā''
|''हुआ होना''
''huā honā''
|''हुआ रहना''
''huā rêhnā''
|''हुआ जाना''
''huā jānā''
|''होता होना''
''hotā honā''
|''होता रहना''
''hotā rêhnā''
|''होता आना''
''hotā ānā''
|''होता जाना''
''hotā jānā''
|''हो रहा होना''
''ho rahā honā''
|''हो रहा रहना''
''ho rahā rêhnā''
|''to happen''
|-
|''करना''
''karnā''
|''किया होना''
''kiyā honā''
|''किया रहना''
''kiyā rêhnā''
|''किया जाना''
''kiyā jānā''
|''करता होना''
''kartā honā''
|''करता रहना''
''kartā rêhnā''
|''करता आना''
''kartā ānā''
|''करता जाना''
''kartā jānā''
|''कर रहा होना''
''kar rahā honā''
|''कर रहा रहना''
''kar rahā rêhnā''
|''to do''
|-
|''मरना''
''marnā''
|''मरा होना''
''marā honā''
|''मरा रहना''
''marā rêhnā''
|''मरा जाना''
''marā jānā''
|''मरता होना''
''martā honā''
|''मरता रहना''
''martā rêhnā''
|''मरता आना''
''martā ānā''
|''मरता जाना''
''martā jānā''
|''मर रहा होना''
''mar rahā honā''
|''मर रहा रहना''
''mar rahā rêhnā''
|''to die''
|}