Editing Gloria Swanson (section)

=== Marriages and relationships ===

====Wallace Beery====
Wallace Beery and Swanson married on her 17th birthday on March 27, 1916, but by her wedding night she felt she had made a mistake and saw no way out of it.{{sfn|Shearer|2013|p=25}}{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=27}} She did not like his home or his family and was repulsed by him as a lover. After becoming pregnant, she saw her husband with other women and learned he had been fired from Keystone.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|pp=28–29}} Taking medication given to her by Beery, purported to be for morning sickness, she miscarried the fetus and was taken unconscious to the hospital.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=29}} Soon afterwards, she filed for divorce, which was finalized on December 12, 1918.<ref>"BEERY GIVEN DIVORCE FROM GLORIA SWANSON". ''Evening Express''. December 12, 1918.</ref> Under California law in that era, after a divorce was granted, there was a one-year waiting period before it became finalized so that neither of the parties could remarry.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=143}}

====Herbert K. Somborn====
She married [[Herbert K. Somborn]] on December 20, 1919.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=66}} He was at that time president of Equity Pictures Corporation and later the owner of the [[Brown Derby]] restaurant.{{sfn|Shearer|2013|pp=59, 457}} Their daughter, Gloria Swanson Somborn, was born on October 7, 1920.{{sfn|Shearer|2013|p=66}}{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=67}} In 1923, she adopted one-year-old Sonny Smith, whom she renamed Joseph Patrick Swanson after her father.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=111}} During their divorce proceedings, Somborn accused her of adultery with 13 men, including Cecil B. DeMille and [[Marshall Neilan]].{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=112}} The public sensationalism led to Swanson having a "[[morals clause]]" added to her studio contract.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=114}} Somborn was granted a divorce in Los Angeles, on September 19, 1923.<ref>"HUSBAND OF GLORIA SWANSON WINS DIVORCE". ''Los Angeles Record''. September 19, 1923.</ref>

====Henri de la Falaise====
[[File:Gloria Swanson and husband Henri de la Falaise, 1925 (front) (full image crop).jpg|left|thumb|Swanson and Henri de la Falaise leaving Los Angeles for New York, July 1925]]
{{quote box
|quote = My marriage to Henri gave me the only real peace and happiness I had ever known—or have ever known since. Of my five marriages this one came the nearest to being what I, in my haus-frau heart, have always wanted a marriage to be. He was then and he remains in memory a more delightful companion than any I have known.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|pp=378–379}}
|source = Gloria Swanson, 1950
|width = 25%
|align = 
}}

During the production of ''Madame Sans-Gêne'', Swanson met her third husband, [[Henry de la Falaise|Henri, Marquis de la Falaise]] (commonly known as Henri de la Falaise),<ref name=DesMoines>{{cite news |title=Gloria Swanson marries Marquis De la Flaise |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52045519/gloria-swanson-marries-marquis-de-la/ |access-date=May 27, 2020 |work=Des Moines Tribune |date=January 28, 1925}}</ref> who had been hired to be her translator during the film's production.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=138}} Though Henri was a Marquis and related to the famous [[Hennessy]] cognac family, he had no personal wealth.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|pp=138, 148}} She had conceived a child with him before her divorce from Somborn was final, a situation that would have led to a public scandal and possible end of her film career. She had an abortion, which she later regretted.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|pp=144–145, 147}} They married on January 28, 1925, after the Somborn divorce was finalized.<ref name=DesMoines/> Following a four-month recuperation from her abortion, they returned to the United States as European nobility. Swanson now held the title of Marquise.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|pp=148, 301}} She received a huge welcome home with parades in both New York and Los Angeles. He became a film executive representing [[Pathé]] (USA) in France.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|pp=205–208, 213}} This marriage ended in divorce in 1930.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|pp=248–250}}

In spite of the divorce they remained close, and Falaise became a partner in her [[World War II]] efforts to aid potential scientist refugees fleeing from behind Nazi lines.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=300}} Swanson described herself as a "mental vampire", someone with a searching curiosity about how things worked, and who pursued the possibilities of turning those ideas into reality.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=299}} In 1939, she created Multiprises, an inventions and patents company; Henri de la Falaise provided a transitional Paris office for the scientists and gave written documentation to authorities guaranteeing jobs for them.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|pp=299–300}} Viennese electronics engineer Richard Kobler, chemist Leopold Karniol, metallurgist Anton Kratky, and acoustical engineer Leopold Neumann, were brought to New York and headquartered in [[Rockefeller Center]].{{sfn|Welsch|2013|pp=300–301}} The group nicknamed her "Big Chief".{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=301}}

====Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.====
While still married to Henri, Swanson had a lengthy affair with the married [[Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.]], father of future President [[John F. Kennedy]].{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=237}} He became her business partner, and their relationship was an open secret in Hollywood. He took over all of her personal and business affairs and was supposed to make her millions.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=205}} Kennedy left her after the disastrous ''Queen Kelly''.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|pp=258–262}}

====Michael Farmer====
After the marriage to Henri and her affair with Kennedy was over, Swanson became acquainted with Michael Farmer, the man who would become her fourth husband. They met by chance in Paris when Swanson was being fitted by [[Coco Chanel]] for her 1931 film ''[[Tonight or Never (1931 film)|Tonight or Never]]''. Farmer was a man of independent financial means who seemed not to have been employed. Rumors were that he was a [[gigolo]]. Swanson began spending time with him,{{sfn|Welsch|2013|pp=271–273}} during which she discovered a breast lump and also became pregnant, but was not yet divorced from Henri.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=273}} She was not interested in marrying Farmer, but he did not want to break off the relationship. When Farmer found out she was pregnant, he threatened to go public with the news unless she agreed to marry him, something she did not want to do. Her friends, some of whom openly disliked him, thought she was making a mistake.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=274}} They married on August 16, 1931, and separated 2 years later.<ref>{{cite news |title=Miss Swanson Divorces Her 4th Husband |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52170708/miss-swanson-divorces-her-4th-husband/ |access-date=May 27, 2020 |work=The Tampa Tribune |date=November 8, 1934}}</ref>{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=275}}

Because of the possibility that Swanson's divorce from La Falaise had not been finalized at the time of the wedding, she was forced to remarry Farmer the following November, by which time she was four months pregnant with Michelle Bridget Farmer, who was born on April 5, 1932.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|pp=278, 281}}

====Herbert Marshall====
Swanson and Farmer divorced in 1934 after she became involved with married British actor [[Herbert Marshall]]. The media reported widely on her affair with Marshall.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Lee|first1=Sonia|title=Scared of Spring|magazine=Picture Play Magazine|date=April 1935|volume=42|page=70|url=https://archive.org/stream/pictureplay4143stre#page/n311/mode/2up/search/%22herbert+marshall%22| access-date=May 27, 2020|quote=Hollywood is wondering if Gloria Swanson, once free of Michael Farmer, will make Herbert husband Number Five}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Peak|first1=Mayme Ober|title=To Be Called Sauve Gets on My Nerves|newspaper=Daily Boston Globe|date=January 13, 1935|page=B5|quote=Now the Marshalls are separated by more than an ocean and continent. Since their separation, gossip has romantically linked the names of Gloria Swanson and Herbert Marshall. They are constantly seen together.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Film Writer Socks Actor in Row Over Gloria Swanson; Foes Tell Different Versions of How It All Happened|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=September 25, 1934|page=1|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19340925&id=nSUbAAAAIBAJ&pg=3826,3593485|access-date=May 27, 2020|quote=...Swanson, whose name has been linked romantically with Mr. Marshall's prior to and since her separation from Michael Farmer. Mr. Marshall is likewise separated from Edna Best, English actress.}}</ref> After almost three years with the actor, Swanson left him once she became convinced he would never divorce his wife [[Edna Best]], for her. In an early manuscript of her autobiography written in her own hand decades later, Swanson recalled "I was never so convincingly and thoroughly loved as I was by Herbert Marshall."{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=298}}

====William M. Davey====

Davey was a wealthy investment broker whom Swanson met in October 1944 while she was appearing in ''A Goose for the Gander''. They married January 29, 1945.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=311}} Swanson had initially thought she was going to be able to retire from acting, but the marriage was troubled from the start by Davey's alcoholism. Erratic behavior and acrimonious recriminations followed. Swanson and her daughter Michelle Farmer visited an [[Alcoholics Anonymous]] meeting and gathered AA pamphlets, which they placed around the apartment.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=312}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Gloria Swanson Tells Davey's Drinking Habit |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52231712/gloria-swanson-tells-daveys-drinking/ |access-date=May 27, 2010 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=January 8, 1946}}</ref> Davey moved out.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=312}} In the subsequent legal separation proceedings, the judge ordered him to pay Swanson alimony. In an effort to avoid the payments, Davey unsuccessfully filed for divorce on the grounds of mental cruelty. He died within a year, not having paid anything to Swanson, and left the bulk of his estate to the [[Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation|Damon Runyon Cancer Memorial Fund]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Memorial Shares Estate |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52325654/memorial-shares-estate/ |access-date=May 28, 2020 |work=Reno Gazette-Journal |date=October 17, 1949}}</ref>{{sfn|Welsch|2013|pp=313–314}}

====William Dufty====
Swanson's final marriage occurred in 1976 and lasted until her death. Her sixth husband [[William Dufty]] was a writer who worked for many years at the ''[[New York Post]],'' where he was assistant to the editor from 1951 to 1960. He was the co-author (ghostwriter) of [[Billie Holiday]]'s autobiography ''[[Lady Sings the Blues (book)|Lady Sings the Blues]],'' the author of ''[[Sugar Blues]]'', a 1975 best-selling health book still in print, and the author of the English version of [[Georges Ohsawa]]'s ''You Are All Sanpaku.''<ref name=LAT/> They met in the mid-1960s and moved in together.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=363}}{{sfn|Dufty|1993|pp=12, 23}} Swanson shared her husband's enthusiasm for [[macrobiotic diet]]s, and they traveled widely together to speak about nutrition.<ref name=PalmBeachPost/> Swanson and her husband first got to know [[John Lennon]] and [[Yoko Ono]] because they were fans of Dufty's work.{{sfn|Welsch|2013|p=381}} Swanson testified on Lennon's behalf at his immigration hearing in New York City, which led to his becoming a permanent US resident.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Robinson |first1=Lisa |title=CONVERSATIONS WITH LENNON |date=November 2001 |magazine=Vanity Fair |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2001/11/01/conversations-with-lennon}}</ref> Besides her [[Fifth Avenue]] apartment, she and Dufty spent time at their homes in Beverly Hills, California; [[Colares (Sintra)|Colares, Portugal]]; [[Croton-on-Hudson, New York]]; and Palm Springs, California.<ref name="Harry Ransom Center" >{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/uthrc/00154/hrc-00154.html|title=An Inventory of Her Papers at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center|work=University Texas Website |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504071541/https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/uthrc/00154/hrc-00154.html |archive-date=May 4, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> After Swanson's death, Dufty returned to his former home in [[Birmingham, Michigan]]. He died of cancer in 2002.<ref name=LAT>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jul-04-me-dufty4-story.html|title=William F. Dufty, 86; Wrote 'Lady Sings the Blues' and 'Sugar Blues'|date=July 4, 2002|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>