Editing Garlic (section)

===Medical research===
====Cardiovascular====

As of 2016, [[clinical research]] found that consuming garlic produces only a small reduction in [[blood pressure]] (4 mmHg),<ref name="Ried2008">{{cite journal |last1=Ried |first1=Karin |last2=Frank |first2=Oliver R |last3=Stocks |first3=Nigel P |last4=Fakler |first4=Peter |last5=Sullivan |first5=Thomas |title=Effect of garlic on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=BMC Cardiovascular Disorders |date=16 June 2008 |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=13 |doi=10.1186/1471-2261-8-13 |pmid=18554422 |pmc=2442048 |quote=Our meta-analysis suggests that garlic preparations are superior to placebo in reducing blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="rohner">{{cite journal|last1=Rohner|first1=Andres|last2=Ried|first2=Karin|last3=Sobenin|first3=Igor A.|last4=Bucher|first4=Heiner C.|last5=Nordmann|first5=Alain J.|date=March 1, 2015|title=A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of garlic preparations on blood pressure in individuals with hypertension|journal=American Journal of Hypertension|volume=28|issue=3|pages=414–423|doi=10.1093/ajh/hpu165|issn=1941-7225|pmid=25239480|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Stabler2012">{{cite journal|last1=Stabler|first1=Sarah N.|last2=Tejani|first2=Aaron M.|last3=Huynh|first3=Fong|last4=Fowkes|first4=Claire|date=August 2012|title=Garlic for the prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2012|issue=8|pages=CD007653|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD007653.pub2|pmid=22895963|pmc=6885043}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Varshney|first1=Ravi|last2=Budoff|first2=Matthew J|date=February 2016|title=Garlic and heart disease|journal=The Journal of Nutrition|volume=146|issue=2|pages=416S–421S|doi=10.3945/jn.114.202333|issn=1541-6100|pmid=26764327|s2cid=10921034 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01r1171s|doi-access=free}}</ref> and there is no clear long-term effect on [[hypertension]], cardiovascular [[morbidity]] or [[death|mortality]].<ref name="Stabler2012"/> A 2016 [[meta-analysis]] indicated there was no effect of garlic consumption on blood levels of [[lipoprotein(a)]], a [[biomarker]] of [[atherosclerosis]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sahebkar|first1=Amirhossein|last2=Serban|first2=Corina|last3=Ursoniu|first3=Sorin|last4=Banach|first4=Maciej|title=Effect of garlic on plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials|journal=[[Nutrition (journal)|Nutrition]]|volume=32|issue=1|pages=33–40|doi=10.1016/j.nut.2015.06.009|issn=0899-9007|pmid=26522661|year=2016}}</ref>

Because garlic might reduce [[platelet aggregation]], people taking [[anticoagulant]] medication are cautioned about consuming garlic.<ref name="nih" /><ref>{{cite journal|last=Rahman|first=Khalid|date=November 2007|title=Effects of garlic on platelet biochemistry and physiology|journal=[[Molecular Nutrition & Food Research]]|volume=51|issue=11|pages=1335–44|doi=10.1002/mnfr.200700058|pmid=17966136}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Borrelli|first1=Francesca|last2=Capasso|first2=Raffaele|last3=Izzo|first3=Angelo A.|date=November 2007|title=Garlic (''Allium sativum'' L.): Adverse effects and drug interactions in humans|journal=[[Molecular Nutrition and Food Research]]|volume=51|issue=11|pages=1386–97|doi=10.1002/mnfr.200700072|pmid=17918162}}</ref>

====Cancer====
Two reviews found no effect of consuming garlic on [[colorectal cancer]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chiavarini|first1=Manuela|last2=Minelli|first2=Liliana|last3=Fabiani|first3=Roberto|date=February 1, 2016|title=Garlic consumption and colorectal cancer risk in man: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=[[Public Health Nutrition]]|volume=19|issue=2|pages=308–317|doi=10.1017/S1368980015001263|issn=1475-2727|pmid=25945653|pmc=10270922 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zhu|first1=Beibei|last2=Zou|first2=Li|last3=Qi|first3=Lu|last4=Zhong|first4=Rong|last5=Miao|first5=Xiaoping|date=December 1, 2014|title=Allium vegetables and garlic supplements do not reduce risk of colorectal cancer, based on meta-analysis of prospective studies|journal=[[Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology]]|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1991–2001.e1–4; quiz e121|doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2014.03.019|issn=1542-7714|pmid=24681077|doi-access=free}}</ref> A 2016 meta-analysis of [[case-control study|case-control]] and [[cohort study|cohort studies]] found a moderate inverse association between garlic intake and some cancers of the upper [[digestive tract]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Guercio|first1=Valentina|last2=Turati|first2=Federica|last3=La Vecchia|first3=Carlo|last4=Galeone|first4=Carlotta|last5=Tavani|first5=Alessandra|title=Allium vegetables and upper aerodigestive tract cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies|journal=[[Molecular Nutrition & Food Research]]|publication-date=October 14, 2015|volume=60|issue=1|pages=212–222|doi=10.1002/mnfr.201500587|issn=1613-4133|pmid=26464065|year=2016}}</ref>

====Common cold====
A 2014 review found insufficient evidence to determine the effects of garlic in preventing or treating the [[common cold]].<ref name="Cochrane2014">{{cite journal|last1=Lissiman|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Bhasale|first2=Alice L.|last3=Cohen|first3=Marc|date=November 2014|title=Garlic for the common cold|journal=[[Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews]]|volume=11|issue=11|pages=CD006206|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006206.pub4|pmid=25386977|pmc=6465033}}</ref> Other reviews concluded a similar absence of high-quality evidence for garlic having a significant effect on the common cold.<ref name="nih" /><ref name="Allan2014">{{cite journal|last1=Allan|first1=G. Michael|last2=Arroll|first2=Bruce|title=Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence|journal=Canadian Medical Association Journal|publication-date=February 18, 2014|volume=186|issue=3|pages=190–9|doi=10.1503/cmaj.121442|pmc=3928210|pmid=24468694|year=2014}}</ref>

[[File:Tacuinum sanitatis-garlic.jpg|thumb|Harvesting garlic, from ''[[Tacuinum Sanitatis]]'', 15th century ([[Bibliothèque nationale de France]])]]