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===Impact in nonfiction=== In ''Learned Optimism'',<ref>[[Martin Seligman|Seligman, Martin]]. ''Learned Optimism'' ((c) 1998 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.), 185ff.</ref> psychologist [[Martin Seligman]] identifies the ''Foundation'' series as one of the most important influences in his professional life, because of the possibility of predictive sociology based on psychological principles. He also lays claim to the first successful prediction of a major historical (sociological) event, in the [[1988 United States presidential election|1988 US elections]], and he specifically attributes this to a psychological principle.<ref>Seligman discusses the successful prediction of the Presidential and 33 Senatorial elections based on an evaluation of the candidates' optimism as expressed in their speeches, and the principle that American voters systematically favor optimistic candidates.</ref> In his 1996 book ''To Renew America'', [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|U. S. House Speaker]] [[Newt Gingrich]] wrote that he was influenced by reading the ''Foundation'' trilogy in high school.<ref>[http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/143446 "Newt Gingrich the Galactic Historian"]. [[Ray Smock]], [[History News Network]], 08 December 2011.</ref> [[Paul Krugman]], winner of the 2008 [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]], credits the ''Foundation'' series with turning his mind to economics, as the closest existing science to psychohistory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/dec/04/paul-krugman-asimov-economics|title=Paul Krugman: Asimov's Foundation novels grounded my economics|first=Paul|last=Krugman|date=4 December 2012|website=the Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/july-dec08/nobelkrugman_10-13.html|title=U.S. Economist Krugman Wins Nobel Prize in Economics|website=[[PBS]]|access-date=2017-08-28|archive-date=2014-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122042610/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/july-dec08/nobelkrugman_10-13.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Stating that it "offers a useful summary of some of the dynamics of far-flung imperial Rome", [[Carl Sagan]] in 1978 listed the ''Foundation'' series as an example of how science fiction "can convey bits and pieces, hints and phrases, of knowledge unknown or inaccessible to the reader".<ref name="sagan19780528">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/05/28/archives/growing-up-with.html |title=Growing up with Science Fiction |last=Sagan |first=Carl |date=1978-05-28 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2018-12-12 |page=SM7 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In the nonfiction PBS series ''[[Cosmos: A Personal Voyage]]'', Sagan referred to an ''Encyclopedia Galactica'' in the episodes "Encyclopaedia Galactica" and "Who Speaks for Earth".
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