Editing Foreign relations of Iran (section)

===Asia===
{{See also|Iran–Arab relations}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began
!Notes
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|{{Flag|Afghanistan|2013}}||2 May 1920||See [[Afghanistan–Iran relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 May 1920 when has been accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Afghanistan to Persia Sardar Abdol Aziz Khan.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/almanachdegotha00unse_94/page/n1292/mode/1up |title=Almanach de Gotha |publisher=Gotha, Germany : Justus Perthes |year=1923 |pages=1237 |language=fr |access-date=7 November 2023}}</ref>

Afghanistan's relations with Iran have fluctuated in modern times, due to the [[Taliban]]'s control of the country in the 1990s, the [[Afghans in Iran|thousands of illegal Afghan immigrants and refugees in Iran]], and with occasional disputes about [[water rights]] over the [[Helmand River]]. Also, Iran has been accused of supporting the Taliban many times from legitimizing it by entertaining the Taliban's delegates to supplying them with arms and even training them.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran's support to the Taliban, which has included MANPADS and a bounty on US troops, could be a spoiler for peace in Afghanistan|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/flashpoints/2020/01/14/iran-support-to-the-taliban-which-has-included-manpads-and-a-bounty-on-us-troops-could-be-a-spoiler-for-peace-in-afghanistan/|last=Snow|first=Shawn|date=2020-01-14|website=Military Times|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Why the Taliban Won't Cut Ties with Iran|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/why-the-taliban-wont-cut-ties-with-iran/|website=thediplomat.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran Supporting Taliban in Form of Weapons, Funding: Pompeo|url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/iran-supporting%C2%A0taliban-form-weapons-funding-pompeo|website=TOLOnews|language=en|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> Afghan migrants and refugees have been systematically harassed, abused, and killed by the Iranian government.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran: Afghan Refugees and Migrants Face Abuse|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/11/20/iran-afghan-refugees-and-migrants-face-abuse|date=2013-11-20|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title='They Were Laughing': Iranian Border Guards Accused of Torturing, Drowning Afghan Migrants|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/iranian-border-guards-accused-of-torturing-drowning-afghan-migrants/30595702.html|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en|access-date=2020-05-29 |last1=Saber |first1=Shapoor}}</ref>

Iran is situated along one of the main trafficking routes for cannabis, heroin, [[opium]] and [[morphine]] produced in [[Afghanistan]], and 'designer drugs' have also found their way into the local market in recent years. Iran's police said in April 2009 that 7,700 tonnes of opium were produced in Afghanistan in 2008, of which 3000 tonnes entered Iran, adding that the force had managed to seize 1000 tonnes of the smuggled opium.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/perthnow/story/0,21498,25451098-5005361,00.html?from=public_rss|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904175639/http://www.news.com.au/perthnow/story/0,21498,25451098-5005361,00.html?from=public_rss|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 September 2012|work=AFP|title=Iran has 1.2&nbsp;million drug addicts|date=7 May 2009}} </ref>
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|{{Flag|Armenia}}||9 February 1992||See [[Armenia–Iran relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 February 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/ir |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia}}</ref>

Despite religious and ideological differences, relations between Armenia and the Islamic Republic of Iran remain cordial and both Armenia and Iran are strategic partners in the region.<br>

The two neighbouring countries share to a great extent similar history and culture, and have had relations for thousands of years, starting with the [[Median Empire]]. Both countries have [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] national languages, and [[Armenian language|Armenian]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] have influenced each other. Iran only lost the territory that nowadays comprises Armenia in the course of the 19th century, by the [[Russo-Persian Wars]], irrevocably to neighbouring [[Imperial Russia]].<ref name="books.google.nl">Timothy C. Dowling [https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&pg=PA728 ''Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903022939/https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA728&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=QnOXVJXpCcz7UPevhPAK&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=russo%20persian%20war%201804-1813&f=false |date=3 September 2016}} pp 728–729 ABC-CLIO, 2 December 2014 {{ISBN|1598849484}}</ref>
There are no border disputes between the two countries and the Christian Armenian minority in Iran, amongst the largest and oldest communities in the world,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.esisc.org/upload/publications/analyses/the-armenian-iran-relationship/Armenian-Iran%20relationship.pdf |title=The Armenian-Iran Relationship: Strategic implication for security in the South Caucasus Region |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817085756/http://www.esisc.org/upload/publications/analyses/the-armenian-iran-relationship/Armenian-Iran%20relationship.pdf |archive-date=17 August 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref> and the largest in the [[Middle East]], enjoys official recognition. Of special importance is the cooperation in the field of energy security which lowers Armenia's dependence on Russia and can in the future also supply Iranian gas to Europe through Georgia and the Black Sea.
* Armenia has an embassy in Tehran.
* Iran has an embassy in [[Yerevan]] and a consulate-general in [[Kapan]].
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|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}||12 March 1992||See [[Azerbaijan–Iran relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Islamic Republic of Iran |url=https://www.mfa.gov.az/en/category/asia-and-oceania/iran |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>

The peoples of Azerbaijan and Iran share a long and complex relationship, resulting in deep historical, religious and cultural ties. The largest population of ethnic [[Azerbaijanis]] live in Iran and until 1813/1828, the soil of the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan was Iranian territory, prior to being forcefully ceded to Russia by the [[Treaty of Gulistan]] of 1813 and the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]] of 1828.<ref name="Swietochowski Borderland">{{cite book|last=Swietochowski|first=Tadeusz|author-link=Tadeusz Swietochowski|year=1995|title=Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition|pages=69, 133|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FfRYRwAACAAJ&q=Russia+and+Iran+in+the+great+game:+travelogues+and+orientalism|isbn=978-0-231-07068-3|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713174716/https://books.google.com/books?id=FfRYRwAACAAJ&dq=Russia+and+Iran+in+the+great+game:+travelogues+and+orientalism|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=L. Batalden|first=Sandra|year=1997|title=The newly independent states of Eurasia: handbook of former Soviet republics|page=98|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WFjPAxhBEaEC&q=The+newly+independent+states+of+Eurasia:+handbook+of+former+Soviet+republics|isbn=978-0-89774-940-4|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713174717/https://books.google.com/books?id=WFjPAxhBEaEC&dq=The+newly+independent+states+of+Eurasia:+handbook+of+former+Soviet+republics|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1=Rajan Menon |editor2=Robert E. Ebel |year=2000|title=Energy and conflict in Central Asia and the Caucasus|page=181|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-sCpf26vBZ0C&q=Energy+and+conflict+in+Central+Asia+and+the+Caucasus|isbn=978-0-7425-0063-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713174720/https://books.google.com/books?id=-sCpf26vBZ0C&dq=Energy+and+conflict+in+Central+Asia+and+the+Caucasus|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=live |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Andreeva|first=Elena|year=2010|title=Russia and Iran in the great game: travelogues and orientalism|page=6|edition=reprint|publisher=Taylor & Francis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FfRYRwAACAAJ&q=%3DRussia+and+Iran+in+the+great+game:+travelogues+and+orientalism|isbn=978-0-415-78153-4|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713174721/https://books.google.com/books?id=FfRYRwAACAAJ&dq=%3DRussia+and+Iran+in+the+great+game:+travelogues+and+orientalism|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Ercüment Kuran |author2=Kemal Çiçek |year=2000 |title=The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilisation [sic]: Politics |publisher=University of Michigan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c5VpAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Great+Ottoman-Turkish+Civilisation|isbn=978-975-6782-18-7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713174723/https://books.google.com/books?id=c5VpAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Great+Ottoman-Turkish+Civilisation&dq=The+Great+Ottoman-Turkish+Civilisation|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=live |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Karl Ernest Meyer |author2=Shareen Blair Brysac |year=2006 |title=Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia |page=66 |publisher=Basic Books |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ssv-GONnxTsC&q=Tournament+of+Shadows:+The+Great+Game+and+the+Race+for+Empire+in+Central+Asia |isbn=978-0-465-04576-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713174725/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ssv-GONnxTsC&dq=Tournament+of+Shadows:+The+Great+Game+and+the+Race+for+Empire+in+Central+Asia |archive-date=13 July 2015 |url-status=dead |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref> Both nations are the only officially majority-[[Shia]] nations in the world as well, and have the highest and second highest Shia populations in the world by percentage.<ref>Juan Eduardo Campo,''Encyclopedia of Islam'', p.625</ref> Azerbaijan has an embassy in [[Tehran]]. and a consulate-general in [[Tabriz]]. Iran has an embassy in [[Baku]]. and a consulate-general in [[Nakhchivan City|Nakhchivan]]. Both countries are full members of the [[Economic Cooperation Organization|Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)]] and the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] (OIC).
|-
|{{Flag|Bahrain}}||29 August 1971<br>'''(Diplomatic relations severed 4 January 2016)'''||See [[Bahrain–Iran relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 August 1971.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Iran Almanac and Book of Facts |publisher=Echo of Iran |year=1973 |pages=157}}</ref>

Bahrain severed diplomatic ties on 4 January 2016 after the [[2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran|attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran]].
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|{{Flag|Bangladesh}}||21 June 1974||See [[Bangladesh–Iran relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1974 when Bangladesh an embassy was established in Iran and on 24 January 1975 Irans embassy was also established in Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brief history on Bilateral Relations between Iran and Bangladesh |url=https://www.dhaka.mfa.ir/en/viewpage/9886/political-section |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011130649/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yIloaQ-QshEJ:https://www.dhaka.mfa.ir/en/viewpage/9886/political-section&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ua |archive-date=11 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=dhaka.mfa.ir}}</ref>

Bangladesh and Iran signed a preferential trade accord in July 2006 which removed non-tariff barriers, with a view to eventually establishing a free-trade agreement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bilaterals.org/article.php3?id_article=5286|title=Dhaka to sign preferential trade accord with Tehran|publisher=Bilaterals|access-date=17 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927052139/http://www.bilaterals.org/article.php3?id_article=5286|archive-date=27 September 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Before the signing of the accord, bilateral trade between the countries amounted to US$100&nbsp;million annually.

In mid-2007, the Bangladeshi government requested Iran's help with the construction of a nuclear power plant, in order to offset the decline in the availability of gas for power generation. The Bangladeshi Minister of Power, Energy and Natural Resources also requested Iranian assistance for the construction of new oil refineries in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shana.ir/111378-en.html |title=Bangladesh Seeks Iran"s Cooperation in Nuclear Energy Sector |work=SHANA |date=5 August 2007 |access-date=17 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726205753/http://www.shana.ir/111378-en.html |archive-date=26 July 2011}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Brunei}}
|1 May 1990
|See [[Brunei–Iran relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 May 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran |url=https://www.mfa.gov.bn/Pages/br_Iran.aspx |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Brunei Darussalam}}</ref>
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|{{Flag|China}}||16 August 1971||See [[China–Iran relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1971.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2021 |title=Side by side and hand in hand, Usher in a New Era for China-Iran Friendship |url=http://ir.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/sgzc/202108/t20210815_8924290.htm#:~:text=Pomegranate%2C%20grape%2C%20olive%2C%20spinach,Iran%20formally%20established%20diplomatic%20relations. |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Islamic Republic of Iran}}</ref>
[[File:Belt and Road Initiative participant map.svg|thumb|250px|Countries which signed cooperation documents related to the [[Belt and Road Initiative]].]]
Iran continues to align itself politically with the People's Republic of China as the [[European Union]] and United States push forward with policies to isolate Iran both politically and economically. Iran has observer status at the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] and aspires to membership in this body, in which China plays a leading role.

In July 2004, Iranian parliamentary speaker [[Gholam Ali Haddad-Adel]] stressed China's support for Iran's nuclear programs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parstimes.com/opinion/2005/iran_nuclear_ambitions.html |title=Iran's nuclear ambitions – Western buffer, Eastern bulwark |publisher=Parstimes.com |date=24 January 2005 |access-date=17 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527081411/http://www.parstimes.com/opinion/2005/iran_nuclear_ambitions.html |archive-date=27 May 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> China's Foreign Minister [[Li Zhaoxing]] also said that his country opposes Iran being referred to the [[United Nations Security Council]] over its nuclear program, and claimed that {{Clarify span|the 7 April 1980 government|date=February 2021}} had a very positive attitude in its cooperation with the [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/D641622E-D369-4274-BD34-906F4D462B0D.htm |title=AJE |publisher=Al Jazeera English |access-date=10 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060826165051/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/D641622E-D369-4274-BD34-906F4D462B0D.htm |archive-date=26 August 2006}}</ref>

[[China]] and Iran have developed a friendly economic and strategic partnership. China is believed to have helped Iran militarily in the following areas: conduct training of high-level officials on advanced systems, provide technical support, supply specialty steel for missile construction, provide control technology for missile development, build a missile factory and test range. It is rumored that China is responsible for aiding in the development of advanced conventional weapons including surface-to-air missiles, combat aircraft, radar systems, and fast-attack missile vessels.<ref name="Simpson">George L. Simpson Jr. (2010). "Russian and Chinese Support for Tehran" ''[[Middle East Quarterly]]''</ref>
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|{{Flag|Georgia}}||15 May 1992||See [[Georgia–Iran relations]], [[Persia–Georgia relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 May 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran, Islamic Republic of |url=https://mfa.gov.ge/en/bilateral-relations/ir |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia}}</ref>

Iran and Georgia have had relations for hundreds of years. Georgia, throughout its history, has several times been annexed by the [[History of Iran|Persian Empire]], specifically under the [[Achaemenid]], [[Parthia]]n, [[Sassanids|Sassanid]], and [[Safavids|Safavid]] dynasties. Accordingly, there has been a lot of political and cultural exchange, and Georgia was often considered a part of [[Greater Iran]]. Iran and Georgia, or the Georgian kingdoms, have had relations in different forms, beginning with trade in the Achaemenid era. The relationship got more complex as the Safavids took power in Iran and attempted to maintain Iranian control of the Georgian kingdoms. This continued until the 19th century when [[Russian empire|Russia]], through the [[Russo-Persian War (1804–13)]] and [[Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)]], took the Caucasus from the [[Qajars]], and thus Iran irrevocably lost the whole region, including Georgia.<ref name="books.google.nl" /> In the early 20th century, Iran–Georgian relations were merged into [[Iran–Soviet relations]]. Since Georgia's independence from the [[Soviet Union]], the two nations have cooperated in many fields including energy, transport, trade, education, and science. Iran is one of Georgia's most important trading partners and an Intergovernmental Joint Economic Commission is functioning between the two countries.<ref name="MFAG">{{cite web |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia |url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=376&lang_id=ENG |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928152537/http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=376&lang_id=ENG |archive-date=28 September 2011 |access-date=17 October 2011 |publisher=Mfa.gov.ge}}</ref>
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|{{Flag|India}}||15 March 1950||See [[India–Iran relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 March 1950.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India-Iran Relations |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Iran-January-2012.pdf |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=mea.gov.in}}</ref>

After the [[Iranian Revolution]] of 1979, Iran withdrew from [[CENTO]] and dissociated itself from US-friendly countries during the [[Cold War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/CENTO|title=Milestones: 1953-1960. The Baghdad Pact (1955) and the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)|access-date=28 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224041218/http://history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/CENTO|archive-date=24 December 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The two countries currently have friendly relations in many areas. There are significant trade ties, particularly in crude-oil imports into India and diesel exports to Iran. Iran objected to Pakistan's attempts to draft anti-India resolutions at international organizations such as the [[OIC]] in 1994.<ref name="Iran-India1">{{cite web|url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/333-how-iran-saved-india-in-1994-kashmir-UN-voting|title=How Iran saved India – in 1994|date=19 January 2011|access-date=28 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701175018/http://www.milligazette.com/news/333-how-iran-saved-india-in-1994-kashmir-UN-voting|archive-date=1 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Reciprocally, India supported Iran's inclusion as an observer state in the [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/iran-faces-world-chill-but-saarc-india-warm/26931/|title=Iran faces world chill but SAARC, India warm up to it as observer|date= 29 March 2007|access-date=28 November 2011}}</ref> In the 1990s, [[India]] and [[Iran]] both supported the [[Northern Alliance]] in Afghanistan against the [[Taliban regime]].<ref name="Iran-India1" />

India and Iran have had relations for millennia. With the growth of India's strategic and economic ties with the [[United States]] and the West in recent years, there have been instances of marked differences in diplomatic stances of the two countries on core issues. Specifically, India has twice voted against Iran in the [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]] in 2005 and 2009, calling on Iran to halt its nuclear weapons programme.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/again-india-votes-against-irans-nuclear-programme/547319/|title=Again, India votes against Iran's nuclear programme|work=The Indian Express|date=28 November 2009|access-date=28 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104202617/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Again-india-votes-against-irans-nuclear-programme/547319/|archive-date=4 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as abstained on a key [[United Nations General Assembly|UN General Assembly]] resolution condemning Iran for its involvement in an alleged plot to assassinate the Saudi envoy to Washington. Although India voiced support for Iran after it attacked Jaish al Adl terrorist camps in Pakistan's Balochistan Province in January, 2024. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/India-abstains-from-UN-vote-against-Iran/articleshow/10800101.cms|title=India abstains from UN vote against Iran|date=20 November 2011|access-date=28 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030190835/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-20/us/30421679_1_india-abstains-counter-terrorism-committee-resolution|archive-date=30 October 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|{{Flag|Indonesia}}||1950||See [[Indonesia–Iran relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1950.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomasi Indonesia 2014 |url=https://perpustakaan.setneg.go.id/repository/Diploind2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411132503/https://perpustakaan.setneg.go.id/repository/Diploind2014.pdf |archive-date=11 April 2023 |access-date=2 November 2023 |page=55 |language=id}}</ref>

[[File:Iran’s Zarif, Indonesia’s Marsudi Meet in Tehran.jpg|250px|thumb|Iranian Foreign Minister [[Mohammad Javad Zarif]] and his Indonesian counterpart [[Retno Marsudi]] held a meeting in the Iranian capital of [[Tehran]].]]
Indonesia and Iran are [[Muslim majority countries]], despite the differences in its religious orientation. Indonesia has the largest Muslim Sunni population, while Iran is the largest Shiite nation.<ref name="Academia">{{cite book |title=Cultural Cooperation between Indonesia and Iran:Challenges and Opportunities |url=https://www.academia.edu/2602966 |author=Yon Machmudi |publisher=Academia |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref>

As Islamic countries that have among the [[Islam by country|largest Muslim populations]] in the world, Iran and Indonesia hold themselves responsible for promoting [[Islam]] as a peaceful religion.<ref name="Antara">{{cite web|title=RI-Iran relations have no limit|url=http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/80709/ri-iran-relations-have-no-limit|author=Priyambodo RH|date=19 March 2012|work=Antara News|access-date=3 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116134544/http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/80709/ri-iran-relations-have-no-limit|archive-date=16 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Diplomatic relations have continued since 1950. Indonesia has an embassy in [[Tehran]], and Iran has an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. Both countries are full members of the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO), The [[Non-Aligned Movement]], [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] (OIC), and [[Developing 8 Countries]].

Jakarta had offered to help mediate the [[Nuclear program of Iran|Iranian nuclear dispute]], Jakarta is on good terms with Iran and other Middle East countries, as well as with the West.<ref name="AsiaTimes">{{cite web|title=Iran finds an ally in Indonesia|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HE12Ak02.html|author=Breffni O'Rourke|date=12 May 2006|work=Asia Times Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414060402/http://atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HE12Ak02.html|archive-date=14 April 2012|url-status=dead |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite news|title=Indonesia offers Iran mediation|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4756757.stm|date=10 May 2006|work=BBC News|access-date=3 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016110627/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4756757.stm|archive-date=16 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|{{Flag|Iraq}}||25 April 1929||See [[Iran–Iraq relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 April 1929 when Iran formally recognized Iraq and appointed a diplomatic representative to Baghdad.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chelsi Mueller |title=The Origins of the Arab-Iranian Conflict Nationalism and Sovereignty in the Gulf Between the World Wars |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2020 |pages=111}}</ref>

Iran–Iraq relations have been turbulent since the [[Iran–Iraq War]] began in 1988. They have improved since the fall of [[Saddam Hussein]] in 2003.
[[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] was the first Iranian president to visit Iraq since Iran's 1979 [[Iranian revolution|Islamic revolution]]. Iran has an embassy in [[Baghdad]] and three consulates-general, in [[Sulaimaniya]], [[Erbil]], and [[Karbala]]. Iraq has an embassy in Tehran, and three Consulate-Generals in [[Ahwaz]], [[Kermanshah]], and [[Mashad]].
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|{{Flag|Israel}}||1950<br>(Diplomatic relations severed in 1979)||See [[Iran–Israel relations]], [[History of the Jews in Iran]] and [[Iran–Israel proxy conflict]]

In 1947, Iran voted against the [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine]] and recognized Israel three years later. Under the Shah [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] Iran and Israel enjoyed high degree of diplomatic relations.

Following the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the two states become hostile and the current Iranian government does not recognize the existence of Israel. The back covers of [[Iranian passport]]s read: "The holder of this passport is not entitled to travel to occupied Palestine". Both countries have severed their diplomatic and commercial ties with each other. Iran does not recognize Israel and refers to it as a [[Zionist entity]] or a Zionist regime.
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|{{Flag|Japan}}||4 August 1929||See [[Iran–Japan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 August 1929 when It was stated in Teheran that the Japanese Government had decided to establish a Legation there.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Bulletin of International News Volume 6, Issue 3 |publisher=Royal Institute of International Affairs. Information Department |year=1929 |pages=84}}</ref>

Throughout history, the two countries have maintained a relatively friendly and strongly strategic partnership.
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|{{Flag|Kazakhstan}}||29 January 1992||See [[Iran–Kazakhstan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 January 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan-Iranian Relations |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-tehran/activities/2020?lang=en |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Islamic Republic of Iran}}</ref>

Trade turnover between the two countries increased fivefold between 2003-2009, from $400&nbsp;million in 2003 to more than $2&nbsp;billion in 2009.<ref name="iran-daily.com">[http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3475/html/economy.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090920234100/http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3475/html/economy.htm|date=20 September 2009}}</ref>

Iran imports grain, petroleum products, and metals from Kazakhstan.<ref name="iran-daily.com" /> Iran is a partner in joint oil and gas projects including construction of a pipeline connecting Kazakhstan and [[Turkmenistan]] with Iran's ([[Persian Gulf]]) which will give [[Astana]] access to the Asian markets. Kazakhstan is specially interested in Iranian investment in mechanical engineering, infrastructure, transport, and telecommunications.<ref name="iran-daily.com" />
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|{{Flag|Kuwait}}||17 December 1961||See [[Iran–Kuwait relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 December 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2005 |title=حدث فى مثل هذا اليوم فى الكويت |url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=1740763&language=ar |access-date=7 September 2023 |website=Kuwait News Agency (KUNA) |language=ar}}</ref>

* Iran has an embassy in [[Kuwait City]].
* Kuwait has an embassy in Tehran.
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|{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}}||10 May 1992||See [[Iran–Kyrgyzstan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 28, 2022 |title=Kyrgyzstan, Iran back political solutions for conflicts: Kyrgyz Envoy to Iran |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84769479/Kyrgyzstan-Iran-back-political-solutions-for-conflicts-Kyrgyz |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Islamic Republic News Agency}}</ref>

Iran and Kyrgyzstan have signed agreements on cooperation in the spheres of transport, customs, trade, and economic relations. Iran and Kyrgyzstan interact in the spheres of education, culture, travel, customs, finances, and the war on trafficking and crime in general.<ref name="iran-daily.com" />

The two countries trade in agriculture and capital goods. In 2008, Iran promised Kyrgyzstan €200&nbsp;million for some economic projects. Iranian companies participated in construction of a highway connecting Bishkek and Osh. Iran and Kyrgyzstan hope to increase their annual trade turnover to $100&nbsp;million.<ref name="iran-daily.com" />
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|{{Flag|Lebanon}}||21 September 1944||See [[Iran–Lebanon relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1944.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gérard D. Khoury |title=Sélim Takla 1895-1945 une contribution à l'indépendance du Liban |publisher=Karthala |year=2004 |pages=380 |language=fr}}</ref>

Around June 1982, Iran dispatched more than 1000 Revolutionary Guards to the predominantly Shi'ite Bekaa Valley of Lebanon. There they established themselves, taking over the Lebanese Army's regional headquarters in the Sheikh Abdullah barracks, as well as a modern clinic, renamed "Hospital Khomeini", and the Hotel Khayyam. The ''Pasdaran'' were active in many places, including schools, where they propagated Islamic doctrine.<ref>Wright, Robin, ''Sacred Rage'', (2001), pp. 80-1</ref> Iranian clerics, most notably [[Fazlollah Mahallati]], supervised.<ref>Nasr, Vali, ''The Shia Revival'', Norton, (2006), p. 115</ref>

From this foothold, the Islamic Republic helped organize one of its biggest successes, the [[Hezbollah]] militia, a party and social-services organization devoted to the Khomeini principle of [[Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists|Guardianship]] (i.e. rule) of the Islamic Jurists (''Velayat-e-Faqih''), and loyal to Khomeini as their leader.<ref name="The Hizballah Program">{{cite web|url=http://www.standwithus.com/pdfs/flyers/hezbollah_program.pdf|title=An open letter, The Hizballah program|access-date=17 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029000205/http://www.standwithus.com/pdfs/flyers/hezbollah_program.pdf|archive-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Over the next seven years Iran is estimated to have spent $5 to $10&nbsp;million US per month on Hezbollah, although the organization is now said to have become more self-sufficient.<ref>{{cite news|title=Who are Hezbollah?|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4314423.stm|access-date=29 August 2011|date=4 July 2010|work=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720154444/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4314423.stm| archive-date= 20 July 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Jaber, Hala, ''Hezbollah: Born with a Vengeance'', Columbia University Press, c1997, p. 150</ref><ref name=abdo>[http://www.insideiran.org/featured/how-iran-keeps-assad-in-power-in-syria/ How Iran Keeps Assad in Power in Syria]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320184525/http://www.insideiran.org/featured/how-iran-keeps-assad-in-power-in-syria/|date=20 March 2012}}|Geneive Abdo|29 August 2011</ref>

In the words of Hussein Musawi, a former commander of Amal militia who joined Hezbollah:
<blockquote>We are her [Iran's] children. We are seeking to formulate an Islamic society which in the final analysis will produce an Islamic state. ... The Islamic revolution will march to liberate Palestine and Jerusalem, and the Islamic state will then spread its authority over the region of which Lebanon is only a part.<ref>''Monday Morning magazine'', 31 October 1983</ref> </blockquote>

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559 (2 September 2004) called for the "disbanding and disarmament of all Lebanese and non-Lebanese militias". The Government of Lebanon is responsible for the implementation, and for preventing the flow of armaments and other military equipment to the militias, yet including Hezbollah, from Syria, Iran, and other external sources.

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|{{Flag|Malaysia}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Iran–Malaysia relations]]

In January 2017, the two countries are set to pursue a [[free trade agreement]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2016/12/23/malaysia-set-to-pursue-fta-with-iran-by-end-jan-2017/|title=Malaysia set to pursue FTA with Iran by end-Jan 2017|work=Bernama|publisher=The Star|date=23 December 2016|access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref> A [[memorandum of understanding]] (MoU) on gas field study was signed in February between [[National Iranian Oil Company]] (NIOC) and Malaysia's Bukhary International Ventures (BIV).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v8/wn/newsworld.php?id=1327807 |title=Iran, Malaysia Sign MoU For Gas Fields Study |publisher=Bernama |date=9 February 2017 |access-date=1 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301105510/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v8/wn/newsworld.php?id=1327807 |archive-date= 1 March 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Both countries have integrated their banking transactions and also agreed to use local currencies along with [[Chinese yuan]] and [[Japanese yen]] in their bilateral trade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.mehrnews.com/news/123801/Iran-Malaysia-to-expand-trade-ties-using-local-currencies|title=Iran, Malaysia to expand trade ties using local currencies|publisher=Mehr News Agency|date=24 February 2017|access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-business-and-markets/60301/iran-malaysia-integrating-banking-transactions|title=Iran, Malaysia Integrating Banking Transactions|publisher=Financial Tribune|date=25 February 2017|access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref> As of 2015, there are around 5,000 Iranian students in Malaysia, while only 15 Malaysian students in Iran.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/iran-keen-to-have-more-malaysian-students|title=Iran keen to have more Malaysian students|work=Bernama|publisher=The Malay Mail|date=12 October 2015|access-date=1 March 2017|archive-date=2 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302034319/http://m.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/iran-keen-to-have-more-malaysian-students|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{Flag|North Korea}}||15 April 1973||See [[Iran – North Korea relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 April 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2016 |title=DPRK Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=The National Committee On North Korea |page=4 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Iran – North Korea relations are described as being positive by official news agencies of the two countries. They have pledged cooperation in the educational, scientific, and cultural spheres.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www2.irna.com/en/news/view/line-17/0701233718200902.htm|title=Result of Iranian delegation visit to N Korea positive|date=23 January 2007|access-date=24 April 2007|work=IRNA|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102650/http://www2.irna.com/en/news/view/line-17/0701233718200902.htm|archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref> North Korea also assisted Iran in its [[Nuclear program of Iran|nuclear program]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/01/24/wiran24.xml|date=26 January 2007|access-date=24 April 2007|title=N. Korea helping Iran with nuclear testing|last=Coughlin|first=Con|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518114243/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F01%2F24%2Fwiran24.xml|archive-date=18 May 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Iran and [[North Korea]] have close relations due to their shared hostility towards the United States, who designated both nations as [[State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)|state sponsors of terrorism]] and part of the [[Axis of evil]].
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|{{Flag|Pakistan}}||23 August 1947||See [[Iran–Pakistan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 August 1947 when Pakistan and Iran have agreed to exchange diplomatic representatives.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Atique Zafar Sheikh, Mohammad Riaz Malik |title=Quaid-e-Azam and the Muslim World Selected Documents, 1937-1948 |publisher=Royal Book Company |year=1990 |pages=262}}</ref>

Iran was the first nation to recognize Pakistan's independence. During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] and [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], Iran supported Pakistan under the reign of Shah [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] and opened the [[Iran-Pakistan border]] to provide fuel and arms to the Pakistani soldiers. After the 1971 war Iran tried to strengthen its ties with Pakistan's arch rival India. The Shah of Iran planned to annex the [[Balochistan]] province as Pakistan would surrender after a loss of the 1971 war. Following the Iranian revolution of 1979, Pakistan started having close relations with [[Saudi Arabia]]. Their relations are complex, driven by Pakistani [[geo-political]] aspirations, religious affiliations, Iran's relations with [[India]], and internal and external factors.
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|{{Flag|Palestine}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Iran–Palestine relations]]

The Islamic Republic of Iran (established after the 1979 [[Iranian Revolution]]) closed the Israeli embassy in [[Tehran]] and replaced it with a Palestinian embassy. Iran favours a [[Palestinian state]] and officially endorses the replacement of Israel with a unitary Palestinian state or whatever choice the Palestinian people decide through a democratic vote. In a 2006 interview,  [[Mohammad Khatami]] said Iran has also stated its willingness to accept a [[two-state solution]] if the Palestinians find this acceptable.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3042d2cc-3c3e-11db-9c97-0000779e2340.html|title=Iran 'accepts two-state answer' in Mideast|date=4 September 2006|work=Financial Times|access-date=17 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/17/AR2006061700727.html|title=In 2003, U.S. Spurned Iran's Offer of Dialogue|last=Kessler|first=Glenn|date=18 June 2006|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=2 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084726/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/17/AR2006061700727.html|archive-date=17 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Iranian government regularly sends aid to various Palestinian causes, everything from transporting injured children to hospitals to supplying the Palestinian Islamist militant groups [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|Islamic Jihad]] and [[Hamas]] with arms. Streets and squares named after Palestinians crisscross the nation.<ref>Molavi, Afshin,''Soul of Iran'', Norton, 2005</ref>

Several Palestinian militant resistance groups, including [[Hamas]], are Iranian allies. The Iranian government also gives substantial assistance to the [[Hamas]] government in [[Gaza City|Gaza]], which is embargoed by Israel, and depends on outside sources for an estimated 90% of its budget. Iranian support is not unconditional. In July and August 2011 Iran cut funding to show its displeasure at "Hamas's failure to hold public rallies in support" of [[President of Syria|Syrian President]] [[Bashar al-Assad]] during the [[Syrian Civil War]]. In part for this reason, Hamas was unable to pay July salaries of its "40,000 civil service and security employees."<ref name=SMH>[https://www.smh.com.au/world/iran-punishes-hamas-for-not-backing-assad-20110822-1j6lb.html#ixzz1Vy95go2v Iran punishes Hamas for not backing Assad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413225751/https://www.smh.com.au/world/iran-punishes-hamas-for-not-backing-assad-20110822-1j6lb.html#ixzz1Vy95go2v |date=13 April 2020}}| 23 August 2011</ref>
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|{{Flag|Philippines}}||22 January 1964||See [[Iran–Philippines relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1964.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 22, 2022 |title=The Republic of the Philippines and the Islamic Republic of Iran celebrate 58 years of formal diplomatic relations today, January 22! |url=https://twitter.com/DFAPHL/status/1484677191359029248 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=DFA Philippines}}</ref>

Iran has an embassy in [[Manila]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.embassypages.com/missions/embassy19653/ |title=Embassy of Iran in the Philippines |publisher=Embassypages.com |access-date=2013-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016110627/http://www.embassypages.com/missions/embassy19653/ |archive-date=16 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> while the Philippines has an embassy in Tehran.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embassy-finder.com/philippines_in_tehran_iran |title=Embassy of Philippines in Tehran |publisher=Embassy Finder |access-date=2013-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828021158/http://embassy-finder.com/philippines_in_tehran_iran |archive-date=28 August 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{Flag|Qatar}}||16 October 1971||See [[Iran–Qatar relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 October 1971.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Foreign Relations of Iran: A Developing State in a Zone of Great-power Conflict |publisher=University of California Press |year=1974 |pages=232}}</ref>

* Iran has an embassy in [[Doha]].
* Qatar has an embassy in Tehran.
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|{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}||24 August 1929||See [[Iran–Saudi Arabia relations]] and [[Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 August 1929.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dr. Emir Hadžikadunić |title=Insight 215: Iran–Saudi Ties: Can History Project Their Trajectory? |url=https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/insight-215-iran-saudi-ties-can-history-project-their-trajectory/4492 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Ifimes}}</ref>

Due to various political and cultural clashes throughout history, relations between the two nations have been greatly strained. In 1966 King Faisal of Saudi Arabia visited Iran with the aim of further strengthening the relationships between the countries. The [[Shah]] (King) of Iran reciprocated by paying an official visit to Saudi Arabia, which eventually led to a peaceful resolution of a dispute concerning the islands of Farsi and Arabi: it was agreed that Farsi would belong to Iran and Arabi would be under the control of Saudi Arabia. A unique feature of this agreement is that it assigned only territorial waters to the islands, not the continental shelf.<ref name="afrasiab">Kaven L. Afrasiab, "Saudi-Iran Tension Fuel Wider Conflict" Asia Times, 6 December 2006. http://www.atimes.com/atime/Middle_East/HLO6AKo4.html {{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}.</ref> In 1968, when Great Britain announced its withdrawal from the Persian Gulf, Iran and Saudi Arabia took the primary responsibility for peace and security in the region. During the 1970s, Saudi Arabia's main bilateral concerns were Iran's modernization of its military, which was capable of dominating the entire region, and Iran's repossession of the Islands of Big Tunb, Little Tunb and Abu Moussa in 1971, challenging the United Arab Emirates' claim to the Islands.<ref name="afrasiab" /> Despite these frictions, the friendliness of Iran–Saudi Arabia relations reached a peak in the period between 1968 and 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mei.edu/content/iran-and-saudi-arabia-eternal-gamecocks|title=Iran and Saudi Arabia: Eternal 'Gamecocks?'|date=29 January 2009|publisher=Middle East Institute|access-date=3 January 2016|last1=Fürtig|first1=Henner|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195020/http://www.mei.edu/content/iran-and-saudi-arabia-eternal-gamecocks|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> After the Iranian Revolution in 1979, Khomeini and other Iranian leaders openly attacked and criticized the character and religious legitimacy of the Saudi regime. According to ''[[Le Figaro]]'', on 5 June 2010 King [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia]] told [[Hervé Morin]], the Defense Minister of France, "There are two countries in the world that do not deserve to exist: Iran and Israel."<ref name="Malbrunot">[http://blog.lefigaro.fr/malbrunot/2010/06/la-violente-charge-du-roi-abda.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529024331/http://blog.lefigaro.fr/malbrunot/2010/06/la-violente-charge-du-roi-abda.html|date=29 May 2011}}, "La violente charge du roi Abdallah contre l'Iran et Israël," Georges Malbrunot, 29 June 2010, Le Figaro.</ref> On 3 January 2016, Saudi Arabia severed diplomatic relations with Iran.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Iran and Saudi Arabia restored relations in 2023.<ref name="2023resume">{{Cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/03/10/1162524377/iran-saudi-arabia-resume-relations |title=Iran and Saudi Arabia agree to resume relations after years of tension |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=2023-03-10 |access-date=2023-03-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>
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|{{Flag|Singapore}}||6 August 1973||
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 August 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2017 |title=Republic of Singapore Diplomatic & Consular List |url=https://app1.mfa.gov.sg/dipcon/pdf/dipconopen.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820202434/https://app1.mfa.gov.sg/dipcon/pdf/dipconopen.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore |page=104}}</ref>

Singapore and Iran maintain cordial relations, despite Singapore's close relationship with the United States. The island city state and Iran have conducted numerous cultural exchanges as well as a high expatriate Iranian population living in Singapore.
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|{{Flag|South Korea}}||23 October 1962||See [[Iran–South Korea relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 October 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/view.do?seq=184 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea}}</ref>

Iran–South Korea relations are described as being positive despite Iran's close relationship with North Korea, and South Korea's with the United States. The two countries have maintained a relatively friendly and strongly strategic partnership. South Korea is one of Iran's major commercial partners.
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|{{Flag|Sri Lanka}}||<!--Date started-->1961||See [[Iran–Sri Lanka relations]]

Iran and Sri Lanka have had official diplomatic relations since 1961. Diplomatic relations between Iran and Sri Lanka (then known as Ceylon) began in 1961 via the Ceylonese embassy in Islamabad, which was the closest Ceylon had to a presence on Iranian soil until the opening of the Tehran embassy office in 1990. Tehran set up its Colombo office in 1975. After Mahmoud Ahmadinejad became President of Iran, Sri Lanka was the first country he visited on his inaugural Asian tour. Mahinda Rajapaksa also made ties with Iran a priority after he ascended to office.
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|{{Flag|Syria}}||12 November 1946||See [[Iran–Syria relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 November 1946 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Iran to Syria with residence in Beirut Mr. Zein-el-Abdine Rahnema.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/syria-from-foreign-office-files/FO%20501_1/page/28/mode/1up?q=ambassador+credence+Lebanon |title=Heads of Foreign Missions in Syria, 1947 |publisher=Syria from Foreign Office files 1947-1956 |year=1947 |pages=34 |access-date=30 September 2023}}</ref>

Syria was one of the few Arab countries to support Iran during the Iran–Iraq War, putting them at odds with other nations in the Arab League.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iranprimer.usip.org/sites/iranprimer.usip.org/files/Iran%20and%20Syria.pdf|title=Iran and Syria|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014060357/http://iranprimer.usip.org/sites/iranprimer.usip.org/files/Iran%20and%20Syria.pdf|archive-date=2015-10-14 |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref> Iran and Syria have had a strategic alliance ever since, partially due to their common animosity towards [[Saddam Hussein]] and coordination against the [[United States]] and [[Israel]]. Syria and Iran cooperate on arms smuggling from Iran to [[Hezbollah]] in [[Lebanon]], which borders Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.welt.de/print/die_welt/politik/article13871292/Iran-sucht-neue-Schmuggelwege.html|title=welt.de, in german|publisher=Welt.de|date=16 February 2012|access-date=18 May 2012|newspaper=Die Welt|last1=Wergin|first1=Clemens|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223101048/http://www.welt.de/print/die_welt/politik/article13871292/Iran-sucht-neue-Schmuggelwege.html|archive-date=23 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Iran was reported as helping Syria to suppress the anti-government protests that broke out in 2011 with training, munitions and high-tech surveillance technology.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-syria-crackdown-idUSBRE82M18220120324|title=Iran helping Assad to put down protests: officials|date=23 March 2012|work=Reuters|access-date=1 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016110627/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/24/us-iran-syria-crackdown-idUSBRE82M18220120324|archive-date=16 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported in May 2011 that the Iranian [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|Republican Guard]] increased its "level of technical support and personnel support" to strengthen Syria's "ability to deal with protesters", according to one diplomat in [[Damascus]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/08/iran-helping-syrian-regime-protesters Iran helping Syrian regime crack down on protesters, say diplomats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428202810/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/08/iran-helping-syrian-regime-protesters |date=28 April 2016}}, Simon Tisdall and foreign staff in Damascus, ''The Guardian'', 9 May 2011</ref>
Iran reportedly assisted the Syrian government sending it riot control equipment, intelligence monitoring techniques and oil.<ref name="base">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/8699077/Iran-agrees-to-fund-Syrian-military-base.html Iran agrees to fund Syrian military base] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204083315/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/8699077/Iran-agrees-to-fund-Syrian-military-base.html |date=4 December 2016}}| Con Coughlin|12 August 2011| ''The Telegraph''</ref> It also agreed to fund a large military base at [[Latakia]] airport.<ref name="base" /> [[The Daily Telegraph]] has claimed in August that a former member of Syria's secret police reported "Iranian snipers" had been deployed in Syria to assist in the crackdown on protests.<ref>[https://vancouversun.com/news/Iran+sees+support+Syria+essential+fend+Israeli+wolves/5260227/story.html Iran sees support for Syria essential to fend off U.S., Israeli 'wolves'] {{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}, Rob Crilly and Robin Pomeroy, ''Daily Telegraph'' and Reuters, 16 August 2011</ref> According to the US government, Mohsen Chizari, the [[Quds Force]]'s third-in-command, has visited Syria to train security services to fight against the protestors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.insideiran.org/featured/how-iran-keeps-assad-in-power-in-syria/ |title=InsideIRAN {{pipe}} How Iran Keeps Assad in Power in Syria |access-date=6 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320184525/http://www.insideiran.org/featured/how-iran-keeps-assad-in-power-in-syria/ |archive-date=20 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On 24 June 2011 The EU's official journal said the three Iranian Revolutionary Guard members now subject to sanctions had been "providing equipment and support to help the Syrian regime suppress protests in Syria".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:164:0001:0003:EN:PDF|title=COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 611/2011 of 23 June 2011|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828000644/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:164:0001:0003:EN:PDF|archive-date=28 August 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The Iranians added to the EU sanctions list were two Revolutionary Guard commanders, Soleimani and Brig Cmdr Mohammad Ali Jafari, and the Guard's deputy commander for intelligence, [[Hossein Taeb]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13902967|title=Syria: Deadly protests erupt against Bashar Assad|date=24 June 2011|work=BBC News|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102195627/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13902967|archive-date=2 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|{{Flag|Thailand}}||9 November 1955||See [[Iran–Thailand relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 November 1955.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran will pay an Official Visit to Thailand |url=https://www.mfa.go.th/en/content/5d5bcfc315e39c306001b881?page=5f29237ab10cf72f1d4a6547&menu=5d5bd3dd15e39c306002ab1d |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand}}</ref>
*Iran has an embassy in [[Bangkok]].
*Thailand maintains an embassy in Tehran.
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|{{Flag|Turkey}}||1835||See [[Iran–Turkey relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1835.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy History and Previous Ambassadors |url=https://tahran-be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/MissionChiefHistory |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=Turkish Embassy in Tehran}}</ref>

A period of coolness passed after the 1979 [[Iranian Revolution]], which caused major changes in Iran and the world's ''status quo''. Today Iran and Turkey cooperate in a wide variety of fields that range from fighting terrorism and drug trafficking, and promoting stability in [[Iraq]] and Central Asia. Iran and Turkey also have very close trade and economic relations. Both countries are part of the [[Economic Cooperation Organization]] (ECO). Turkey receives about 2 million Iranian tourists each year<ref>[[Iran–Turkey relations#Tourism]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=October 2017}} and benefits economically from Iranian tourism.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=46608|title=Turkey, Iran ready to bolster tourism|date=19 June 2006|newspaper=Turkish daily news|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181830/http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=46608|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref>

Bilateral trade between the nations is increasing. In 2005, bilateral trade increased to $4&nbsp;billion from $1&nbsp;billion in 2000.<ref name="Schleifer">{{Cite news|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0202/p05s01-woeu.html|title=Caught in the fray: Turkey enters debate on Iran's nuclear program|last=Schleifer|first=Yigal|date=2 February 2006|newspaper=CS Monitor|access-date=27 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524105039/http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0202/p05s01-woeu.html|archive-date=24 May 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Iran's gas exports to Turkey are likely to increase. Turkey imports about 10&nbsp;billion cubic meters a year of gas from Iran, about thirty percent of its needs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3304/html/economy.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730130920/https://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3304/html/economy.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 July 2021 |title=Economy |access-date=27 June 2009}} </ref> Turkey plans to invest $12&nbsp;billion in developing phases 22, 23, and 24 of the [[South Pars]] gas field, a senior Iranian oil official told Shana.ir.<ref name="iran-daily.com" /> Half of this gas will be re-exported to Europe.<ref>[http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3283/html/economy.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609141007/http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3283/html/economy.htm|date=9 June 2009}}</ref> Two-way trade is now in the range of $10&nbsp;billion (2008), and both governments have announced that the figure should reach the $20&nbsp;billion mark in the not-too-distant future.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3278/html/national.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730145940/https://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3278/html/national.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 July 2021 |title=National |access-date=27 June 2009}} </ref> Turkey won the tender for [[Privatization in Iran|privatization]] of the Razi Petrochemical Complex, valued at $650&nbsp;million (2008). Since the [[2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt]], the two states began close co-operation especially on the [[2017–18 Qatar diplomatic crisis]].
* Iran has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and consulates-general in [[Erzurum]], [[Istanbul]] and [[Trabzon]].
* Turkey has an embassy in Tehran and consulates-general in Mashhad, Tabriz and Urmia.
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|{{Flag|Turkmenistan}}||18 February 1992||See [[Iran–Turkmenistan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 February 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=States with which Turkmenistan established diplomatic relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan}}</ref>

Iran and Turkmenistan have had relations since the latter's separation from the former [[Soviet Union]] in 1991. Iran was the first nation to recognize Turkmenistan's independence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.irna.com/en/news/view/menu-234/0702107896182324.htm|title=وب سایتهای ایرنا|work=Irna|access-date=17 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713060324/http://www2.irna.com/en/news/view/menu-234/0702107896182324.htm|archive-date=13 July 2011}}</ref> Since then, the two countries have enjoyed good relations and have cooperated in the economic, infrastructure, and energy sectors. Trade between the two nations surpasses $1&nbsp;billion and Iranians are the second-largest buyers of Turkmen commodities, mainly natural gas. The $139-million [[Korpezhe-Kurt Kui Pipeline|Korpeje-Kurt Kui gas pipeline]] in western Turkmenistan and the $167-million Dousti ("Friendship" in Persian) Dam in the south of the country were built through a joint venture.

Their [[Caspian Sea]] territorial boundaries are a cause of tension between the two countries. Iran's Islamic theocracy and Turkmenistan's secular dictatorship also prevent the development of a closer friendship.
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|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||28 October 1972||See [[Iran–United Arab Emirates relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 October 1972<ref>{{Cite book |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wm8yVtMiyJ8C&dq=and+United+Arab+Emirates+decided+to+establish+diplomatic+relations+at+ambassadorial+level&pg=PA32 |title=Chronicle of Progress |publisher=Trident Press |year=1996 |isbn=9781900724036 |pages=32 |access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref>

* Iran has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi]] and a consulate-general in [[Dubai]].
* United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Tehran. The embassy is administered by a [[Chargés d'affaires|Chargés d'affaires en pied]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mofa.gov.ae/EN/DiplomaticMissions/Embassies/Tehran/Ambassador/Pages/Ambassador.aspx|title=EMBASSY OF THE UAE IN TEHRAN|work=United Arab Emirates Ministry of Foreign Relations & International Cooperation|access-date=20 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920123016/https://www.mofa.gov.ae/EN/DiplomaticMissions/Embassies/Tehran/Ambassador/Pages/Ambassador.aspx|archive-date=20 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Iran and United Arab Emirates both claim three islands in the [[Persian Gulf]] ([[Abu Musa]], [[Greater Tunb]], and [[Lesser Tunb]]).
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||{{Flag|Uzbekistan}}||10 May 1992||See [[Iran–Uzbekistan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uzbek-Iranian Relations |url=http://www.uzbekembassy.ir/bilateral-relations.aspx |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the Islamic Republic of Iran}}</ref>
The two countries have deep cultural and historical ties that date back to several centuries. Iran has been especially been active in pursuing economic projects and social, cultural, and diplomatic initiatives in Uzbekistan. The two nations have also worked on overland links and other joint ventures. Although the differences between their political systems, Iran's Islamic theocracy and Uzbekistan's presidential constitutional republic, keep the two nations apprehensive, it has not deterred them from further improving relations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/uzbekistan/53.htm|title=Uzbekistan – The Middle East and Pakistan|publisher=Country Studies|access-date=17 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103190358/http://countrystudies.us/uzbekistan/53.htm|archive-date=3 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Iran and Uzbekistan agreed to develop cooperation in agriculture, transport, oil and gas production, construction, production of pharmaceuticals, and banking.<ref name="iran-daily.com" />

The state visit of Uzbekistan's President Shavkat Mirziyoyev to Iran in 2023 marked the beginning of a new phase of cooperation between the two nations. During the visit, a total of 15 agreements were signed, further strengthening bilateral ties. Notably, this visit led to the establishment of direct flights between Tehran and Samarkand, facilitating enhanced connectivity and promoting closer relations between the two cities.
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||{{Flag|Vietnam}}||4 August 1973||See [[Iran–Vietnam relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 August 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 5, 2023 |title=Hanoi-Tehran ties set up for growth by solid ties: Vietnamese official |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/487573/Hanoi-Tehran-ties-set-up-for-growth-by-solid-ties-Vietnamese |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Tehran Times}}</ref>

* Iran has an embassy in [[Hanoi]].
* Vietnam has an embassy in Tehran.
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