Editing Fentanyl (section)

=== "Fentanyl fold" posture ===
There are many reports of fentanyl users adopting a "folded" posture.<ref>{{Cite web | vauthors = Ward J |title=It's an odd side effect of opioid abuse: Why are fentanyl users bent over. Here's why |url=https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/nation/california/2024/07/19/what-is-the-fentanyl-fold-how-to-treat-opioid-overdoses/74471357007/ |access-date=26 February 2025 |website=The Desert Sun |language=en-US}}</ref>

Daniel Ciccarone of UCSF said what he calls the “nod” is a common side effect of opioid use, and later notes that "nods have always happened to varying degrees with other opioids, particularly heroin. The nods with fentanyl, however, seem to be more extreme. And it's often a sign that a person has taken too strong a dose".<ref>{{Cite web | vauthors = Toledo A, Greene CM |date=17 July 2024 |title=Here's why fentanyl users on S.F.'s streets are bent over |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/fentanyl-fold-drug-user-19561190.php |website=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> 
He also said "the fentanyl fold falls into the umbrella of a severe spinal deformity that can cause functional disability and can drive mental anguish" which is a factor given the socioeconomic status and more fragile mental health of drug users typically when compared to non-users.

Adulteration of fentanyl with [[xylazine]], also known as 'tranq', can exacerbate postural problems.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Zombie Drug {{!}} Psychology Today |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/addiction-outlook/202406/the-zombie-drug |access-date=26 February 2025 |website=www.psychologytoday.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Dinis-Oliveira RJ |date=March 2024 |title=New Choking Epidemic Trends in Psychoactive Drugs: The Zombifying Combination of Fentanyl and Xylazine Cause Overdoses and Little Hope in Rehabilitation |journal=Psychoactives |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=132–136 |doi=10.3390/psychoactives3010009 |doi-access=free |issn=2813-1851}}</ref>