Editing Estuary (section)

=== Effects of eutrophication on estuarine animals ===
[[File:Whitefish, from the Fish from American Waters series (N8) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes Brands MET DP830737.jpg|thumb|Example of a whitefish]]
Across all biomes, [[eutrophication]] often results in plant death but the impacts do not end there. Plant death alters the entire food web structure which can result in the death of animals within the afflicted [[biome]]. Estuaries are hotspots for [[biodiversity]], containing a majority of commercial fish catch, making the impacts of eutrophication that much greater within estuaries.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Waltham |first1=Nathan J. |last2=McCann |first2=Jack |last3=Power |first3=Trent |last4=Moore |first4=Matt |last5=Buelow |first5=Christina |date=2020 |title=Patterns of fish use in urban estuaries: Engineering maintenance schedules to protect broader seascape habitat |journal=[[Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science]] |volume=238 |pages=106729 |doi=10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106729 |bibcode=2020ECSS..23806729W |s2cid=216460098 |issn=0272-7714|doi-access=free }}</ref> Some specific estuarine animals feel the effects of eutrophication more strongly than others. One example is the whitefish species from the [[Alps|European Alps]].<ref name=":1">[https://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/290na1_en.pdf Vonlanthen, P., Bittner, D., Hudson A.G., et al. (2012). Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive radiations. Nature. 482, 337–362. DOI: 10.1038/nature0824.]</ref> Eutrophication reduced the oxygen levels in their habitats so greatly that whitefish eggs could not survive, causing local extinctions.<ref name=":1" /> However, some animals, such as carnivorous fish, tend to do well in nutrient-enriched environments and can benefit from eutrophication.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last1=Jeppesen |first1=Erik |date=1997 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5648-6_17 |work=Shallow Lakes '95 |pages=151–164 |place=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer Netherlands |isbn=978-94-010-6382-1 |access-date=2022-04-20 |last2=Peder Jensen |first2=Jens |last3=Søndergaard |first3=Martin |last4=Lauridsen |first4=Torben |last5=Junge Pedersen |first5=Leif |last6=Jensen |first6=Lars|title=Top-down control in freshwater lakes: The role of nutrient state, submerged macrophytes and water depth |doi=10.1007/978-94-011-5648-6_17 }}</ref> This can be seen in populations of bass or pikes.<ref name=":2" />