Editing Economy of Mexico (section)

==Industry==
{| style="width: 22em; font-size: 85%; text-align: left;" class="wikitable floatright"
|+Industrial production
|-
!  style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0; vertical-align:top;"| Main industries
|  style="background:#f0f0f0; vertical-align:top;"|Aircraft, automobile industry, petrochemicals, cement and construction, textiles, food and beverages, mining, consumer durables, tourism
|-
!  style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"|Industrial growth rate
|valign="top"| 3.6% (2006)
|-
!  style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0; vertical-align:top;"|Labor force
|  style="background:#f0f0f0; vertical-align:top;"| 29% of total labor force
|-
!  style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"|GDP of sector
|valign="top"| 25.7% of total GDP
|}

[[File:09192012CumbreVerdes07.JPG|240x240px|thumb|left|Osito Bimbo, the corporate mascot of [[Grupo Bimbo]]]]

The industrial sector has benefited from trade liberalization; in 2000, it accounted for almost 50% of all export earnings.<ref name="Gereffi"/>
[[File:CEMEX Monterrey.jpg|thumb|255px|A [[Cemex]] plant on the outskirts of [[Monterrey]].]]
Among Mexico's most important industrial manufacturers is the automotive industry, whose standards of quality are internationally recognized. The automobile sector in Mexico differs from that in other Latin American countries and [[developing nation]]s in that it does not function as a mere assembly manufacturer. The industry produces technologically complex components and engages in some research and development activities, an example of that is the new Volkswagen Jetta model with up to 70% of parts designed in Mexico.<ref name="Gereffi"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnnexpansion.com/negocios/2010/07/06/vw-hace-auto-del-bicentenario-en-puebla |title=VW hará auto del Bicentenario en Puebla – Negocios |date=July 6, 2010 |publisher=CNNExpansion.com |access-date=April 16, 2011 |archive-date=July 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728173931/http://www.cnnexpansion.com/negocios/2010/07/06/vw-hace-auto-del-bicentenario-en-puebla |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

The "Big Three" ([[General Motors]], [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] and [[Chrysler]]) have been operating in Mexico since the 1930s, while [[Volkswagen]] and [[Nissan]] built their plants in the 1960s.<ref name="Hufbauer Auto">{{Cite book |last1=Hufbauer |first1=G.C. |last2=Schott |first2=J.J . |contribution=Chapter 6, The Automotive Sector |contribution-url=http://www.iie.com/publications/chapters_preview/332/06iie3349.pdf |title=NAFTA Revisited: Achievements and Challenges |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Institute for International Economics |date=October 2001 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/naftarevisitedac00hufb/page/1 1–78] |isbn=0-88132-334-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/naftarevisitedac00hufb/page/1 }}</ref> Later, [[Toyota]], [[Honda]], [[BMW]], and [[Mercedes-Benz]] have also participated. Given the high requirements of North American components in the industry, many European and Asian parts suppliers have also moved to Mexico: in [[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]] alone, 70 industrial part-makers cluster around Volkswagen.<ref name="Gereffi"/>

The relatively small domestic car industry is represented by [[DINA S.A.|DINA Camiones]], a manufacturer of trucks, busses and military vehicles, which through domestic production and purchases of foreign bus manufacturers has become the largest bus manufacturer in the world; Vehizero that builds hybrid trucks<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vehizero.com/ |title=Vehículos Híbridos |publisher=Vehizero |access-date=April 16, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415021039/http://www.vehizero.com/ |archive-date=April 15, 2011  }}</ref> and the new car companies [[Mastretta]] design that builds the [[Mastretta MXT]] sports car and Autobuses King that plans to build 10000 microbuses by 2015,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://transporteinformativo.com/novedades-del-transporte/planta-de-king-autobuses-mexico-arranca-operaciones-en-hidalgo |title=Planta de King Autobuses México arranca operaciones en Hidalgo |publisher=Transporte Informativo |date=April 4, 2011 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906133308/http://transporteinformativo.com/novedades-del-transporte/planta-de-king-autobuses-mexico-arranca-operaciones-en-hidalgo |archive-date=September 6, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Nombre * |url=http://naciontransporte.com/295/inicia-operaciones-king-autobuses-mexico/ |title=Inicia operaciones King Autobuses México &#124; Nación Transporte |language=es |publisher=Naciontransporte.com |date=October 13, 2011 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=August 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822230027/http://naciontransporte.com/295/inicia-operaciones-king-autobuses-mexico/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Loke |url=http://impreso.milenio.com/node/8918127 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709112045/http://impreso.milenio.com/node/8918127 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 9, 2012 |title=King Autobuses ensambla 700 vehículos anualmente &#124; Ediciones Impresas Milenio |publisher=Impreso.milenio.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 }}</ref> nevertheless new car companies are emerging among them CIMEX that has developed a sport utility truck, the Conin, and it is to be released in September 2010 in Mexico's national auto show,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://conceptogt.com/tag/cimex/ |title=CIMEX |publisher=ConceptoGT |access-date=April 16, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212040852/http://conceptogt.com/tag/cimex/ |archive-date=February 12, 2011  }}</ref> And the new electric car maker Grupo Electrico Motorizado.<ref>{{cite web |author=Web Easy Professional Avanquest Publishing USA, Inc. |url=http://www.gemmexico.com/ |title=Grupo Electrico Motorizado S.A. de C.V. |publisher=Gemmexico.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=May 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527033749/http://www.gemmexico.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Some large industries of Mexico include [[Cemex]], the world's largest construction company and the third largest cement producer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2005/02/cemex.shtm |title=With Conditions, FTC Allows Cemex's Acquisition of RMC |author=Federal Trade Commission |access-date=May 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070817093621/http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2005/02/cemex.shtm |archive-date=August 17, 2007  }}</ref> the alcohol beverage industries, including world-renowned players like [[Grupo Modelo]]; conglomerates like [[Fomento Económico Mexicano|FEMSA]], which apart from being the largest single producer of alcoholic beverages and owning multiple commercial interests such [[OXXO]] convenience store chain, is also the second-largest [[Coca-Cola]] bottler in the world; [[Gruma]], the largest producer of corn flour and tortillas in the world; and [[Grupo Bimbo]], [[Telmex]], [[Televisa]], among many others. In 2005, according to the World Bank, high-tech industrial production represented 19.6% of total exports.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://devdata.worldbank.org/external/CPProfile.asp?PTYPE=CP&CCODE=MEX |title=Mexico Data Profile |access-date=May 29, 2007 |author=The World Bank |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515035722/http://devdata.worldbank.org/external/CPProfile.asp?PTYPE=CP&CCODE=MEX |archive-date=May 15, 2007 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

[[File:Cervecería_Cuauhtemoc_Monterrey_1890.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The original [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery]] in [[Monterrey]], founded in 1889. Today, it still operates as a brewery and houses two [[museums]].]]

[[Maquiladora]]s (manufacturing plants that take in imported raw materials and produce goods for domestic consumption and export on behalf of foreign companies) have become the landmark of trade in Mexico. This sector has benefited from NAFTA, in that real income in the maquiladora sector has increased 15.5% since 1994, though the non-maquiladora industry has grown much faster.<ref name="Hufbauer"/> Contrary to popular belief, this should be no surprise since maquiladora's products could enter the US duty-free since a 1960s industry agreement. Other sectors now benefit from the free trade agreement, and the share of exports from non-border states has increased in the last 5 years while the share of exports from maquiladora-border states has decreased.

Currently, Mexico is focusing on developing an aerospace industry, and the assembly of helicopter and regional jet aircraft fuselages is taking place. Foreign firms such as [[MD Helicopters]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nl.gob.mx/?P=leerarticulo&ArtOrder=ReadArt&Article=54884 |title=Sala de prensa – Contenido – Gobierno del Estado de Nuevo León, México |publisher=Nl.gob.mx |date=August 29, 2006 |access-date=April 16, 2011 |archive-date=September 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906182054/http://www.nl.gob.mx/?P=leerarticulo&ArtOrder=ReadArt&Article=54884 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bell,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chihuahuaalinstante.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3250:inaugura-bell-helicopter-su-primera-planta-en-chihuahua&catid=3:locales&Itemid=2 |title=Inaugura Bell Helicopter su primera planta en Chihuahua |publisher=Chihuahuaalinstante.com |access-date=April 16, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144102/http://chihuahuaalinstante.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3250%3Ainaugura-bell-helicopter-su-primera-planta-en-chihuahua&catid=3%3Alocales&Itemid=2 |archive-date=July 8, 2011  }}</ref> Cessna<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chihuahuanfrontier.com/aerospace/expansions/88-cessna.html |title=Cessna rolls out fuselage made in Chihuahua |publisher=Chihuahuanfrontier.com |date=August 11, 2009 |access-date=April 16, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318160451/http://www.chihuahuanfrontier.com/aerospace/expansions/88-cessna.html |archive-date=March 18, 2011 }}</ref> and [[Bombardier Aerospace|Bombardier]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maquilaportal.com/news/index.php/blog/show/Bombardier-is-committed-to-Mexico,-Learjet-85-pieces-to-be-manufactured-here.html |access-date=July 10, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> build helicopter, aircraft and regional jets fuselages in Mexico. Although the Mexican aircraft industry is mostly foreign, as is its car industry, Mexican firms have been founded such as Aeromarmi,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeromarmi.com/index%20english.htm |title=Aeromarmi.com |publisher=Aeromarmi.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605210434/http://www.aeromarmi.com/index%20english.htm |archive-date=June 5, 2013 }}</ref> which builds light propeller airplanes, and Hydra Technologies, which creates [[Unmanned Aerial Vehicle]]s such as the [[Hydra Technologies Ehécatl|S4 Ehécatl]], other important companies are Frisa Aerospace that manufactures jet engine parts for the new Mitsubishi Regional jet and supplies Prat&whittney and Rolls-Royce jet engine manufacturers of casings for jet engines<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forgemag.com/articles/84086-frisa-forjados-to-supply-forged-rings-for-pratt-whitney|title=Frisa Forjados to Supply Forged Rings for Pratt & Whitney|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=June 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613052824/http://www.forgemag.com/articles/84086-frisa-forjados-to-supply-forged-rings-for-pratt-whitney|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://forgingmagazine.com/forming/rolls-places-200-million-parts-contract-frisa|title=Rolls-Royce, Frisa Forjados in $200M Long-Term Supply Agreement|publisher=Forging Magazine|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=April 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402105101/https://www.forgingmagazine.com/forming/rolls-places-200-million-parts-contract-frisa|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wtcnl.uanl.mx/noticias/wtc-nuevo-leon/invitan-a-regios-a-fabricar-avion.html |title=World Trade Center Nuevo León – Invitan a regios a fabricar avión |publisher=Wtcnl.uanl.mx |date=December 16, 2007 |access-date=April 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720164506/http://wtcnl.uanl.mx/noticias/wtc-nuevo-leon/invitan-a-regios-a-fabricar-avion.html |archive-date=July 20, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and Kuo Aerospace that builds parts for aircraft landing gear and Supplies bombardier plant in Querétaro.<ref>[http://www.milenio.com/node/392020]{{dead link|date=April 2011}}</ref>

As compared with the United States or countries in Western Europe, a larger sector of Mexico's industrial economy is food manufacturing, which includes several world-class companies, but the regional industry is undeveloped. Some national brands have become international and local Mom and Pop producers but little manufacturing in between.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is a National Brand: Basics |url=https://sendpulse.com/support/glossary/national-brand |access-date=June 29, 2024 |website=SendPulse |language=en}}</ref>

===Electronics===

[[File:Meebox electronics.PNG|thumb|A tablet PC and touch screen computer / television made by Mexican [[Meebox]]]]
Mexico's [[electronics industry]] has grown enormously within the last decade. Mexico has the sixth largest electronics industry in the world after [[China]], [[United States]], [[Japan]], [[South Korea]], and [[Taiwan]]. Mexico is the second largest exporter of electronics to the United States, and it exported $71.4 billion worth of electronics in 2011.<ref name="prnewswire.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mexican-consumer-electronics-industry-second-largest-supplier-of-electronics-to-the-us-market-131233479.html|title=Mexican Consumer Electronics Industry Second Largest Supplier of Electronics to the U.S....|location=Mexico City|publisher=PRNewswire–USNewswire|author=Marca Pais – Imagen de Mexico|date=October 6, 2011|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=December 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215190550/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mexican-consumer-electronics-industry-second-largest-supplier-of-electronics-to-the-us-market-131233479.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Mexican electronics industry is dominated by the manufacture and OEM design of televisions, displays, computers, mobile phones, circuit boards, semiconductors, electronic appliances, communications equipment and LCD modules. The Mexican electronics industry grew 20% between 2010 and 2011, up from its constant growth rate of 17% between 2003 and 2009.<ref name="prnewswire.com"/> Electronics represent 30% of Mexico's exports.<ref name="prnewswire.com"/>

==== Televisions ====
The design and manufacture of flat panel plasma, LCD, and LED televisions is the single largest sector of the Mexican electronics industry, representing 25% of Mexico's electronics export revenue.<ref name="prnewswire.com"/> In 2009 Mexico surpassed South Korea and China as the largest manufacturer of televisions,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mexicotoday.org/de/node/4451|title=Welcome to MEXICOTODAY.ORG|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613142938/http://mexicotoday.org/de/node/4451|archive-date=June 13, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="promexico.gob.mx">[http://www.promexico.gob.mx/ Inicio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009153904/http://promexico.gob.mx/ |date=October 9, 2018 }}. Promexico.gob.mx. Retrieved on August 14, 2010.</ref> with [[Sony]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.sel.sony.com/en/corporate_information/page.php?path=/SelNews/corp_info/SEL_US_Locations.xml |title=SEL US Locations |publisher=News.sel.sony.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=February 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208203751/http://news.sel.sony.com/en/corporate_information/page.php?path=%2FSelNews%2Fcorp_info%2FSEL_US_Locations.xml |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Toshiba]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cens.com/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_37013.html |title=Compal Acquires Toshiba's Mexican LCD-TV Factory &#124; CENS.com – The Taiwan Economic News |publisher=CENS.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606122246/http://cens.com/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_37013.html |archive-date=June 6, 2013 }}</ref> [[Samsung]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.solunet-infomex.com/company.cfm?company=631&type=1 |title=Samsung Mexicana, S.A. de C.V., Tijuana on Twin Plant Guide Business Directory of Companies |publisher=Solunet-infomex.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401064248/http://www.solunet-infomex.com/company.cfm?company=631&type=1 |archive-date=April 1, 2012 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> [[Sharp Corporation|Sharp]] (through [[Semex]]),<ref name="abcnews.go.com">{{cite web |last=Kessler |first=Michelle |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=3824434&page=1 |title=Sharp takes a gamble on new TV plant in Mexico |publisher=Abcnews.go.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809075229/https://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=3824434&page=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/138482/sony_sharp_open_new_lcd_tv_plants.html |title=Sony, Sharp Open New LCD TV Plants |magazine=PCWorld |date=October 16, 2007 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=October 31, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031032025/http://www.pcworld.com/article/138482/sony_sharp_open_new_lcd_tv_plants.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Zenith]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cfomaquiladoras.org/zenithelectronics.en.html|title=Zenith Electronic's Mexican Maquiladora Factories|website=www.cfomaquiladoras.org|access-date=January 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018094015/http://cfomaquiladoras.org/zenithelectronics.en.html|archive-date=October 18, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[LG]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Dave |url=http://www.geekwithlaptop.com/lg-electronics-reorganises-and-shuts-manufacturing-plants-in-mexico |title=LG Electronics Reorganises And Shuts Manufacturing Plants In Mexico |publisher=Geek with Laptop |date=July 7, 2009 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102170026/http://www.geekwithlaptop.com/lg-electronics-reorganises-and-shuts-manufacturing-plants-in-mexico |archive-date=November 2, 2011 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> [[Lanix]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allbusiness.com/electronics/computer-equipment-laptop-computers/15626630-1.html |title=Lanix – Q2 2011 &#124; LexisNexis &#124; Professional Journal archives from |publisher=AllBusiness.com |date=April 1, 2011 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=July 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724154504/http://www.allbusiness.com/electronics/computer-equipment-laptop-computers/15626630-1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[TCL Corporation|TCL]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icsupply.org/tcl-talent-strategic-thinking-eagle-training-motivation.html |title=TCL Talent strategic thinking: The eagle is out of the training and motivation &#124; IC Supply |website=www.icsupply.org |access-date=January 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426052212/http://www.icsupply.org/tcl-talent-strategic-thinking-eagle-training-motivation.html |archive-date=April 26, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[RCA]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solunet-infomex.com/company.cfm?company=2390&type=1|title=Rca Componentes De Mexico, S.A. De C.V.|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614041650/http://www.solunet-infomex.com/company.cfm?company=2390&type=1|archive-date=June 14, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Phillips Petroleum Company|Phillips]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newscenter.philips.com/main/standard/about/news/press/20080904_transfer_to_elcoteq.wpd |title=Philips agrees to transfer TV assembly facility located In Juarez, Mexico to Elcoteq |publisher=Newscenter.philips.com |date=September 4, 2008 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105723/http://www.newscenter.philips.com/main/standard/about/news/press/20080904_transfer_to_elcoteq.wpd |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Elcoteq]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elcoteq-blog.com/index.php/flat-panel-tv-production-moves-from-oem-to-ems/ |title=Flat Panel TV Production Moves from OEM to EMS |publisher=The Elcoteq Blog |access-date=October 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102122817/http://www.elcoteq-blog.com/index.php/flat-panel-tv-production-moves-from-oem-to-ems/ |archive-date=November 2, 2011 }}</ref> [[Tatung Company|Tatung]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maquilaportal.com/index.php/blog/show/Tatung-Juarez-will-manufacture-GE-televisions.html |title=Tatung Juarez will manufacture GE televisions |publisher=Maquila Portal |date=September 26, 2008 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422065737/http://www.maquilaportal.com/index.php/blog/show/Tatung-Juarez-will-manufacture-GE-televisions.html |archive-date=April 22, 2012  }}</ref> [[Panasonic]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.panasonic.com/environmental/iso14001.asp |title=Panasonic Ideas for Life – ISO 14001 |publisher=Panasonic.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=March 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313211741/http://www.panasonic.com/environmental/iso14001.asp |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Vizio]]<ref name="abcnews.go.com"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2009/12/21/vizio-ceo-predicts-declining-tv-prices-possible-ipo/ |title=Vizio CEO Predicts Declining TV Prices, Possible IPO |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=December 21, 2009 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=June 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627055940/https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2009/12/21/vizio-ceo-predicts-declining-tv-prices-possible-ipo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> manufacturing CRT, LCD, LED and Plasma televisions in Mexico. Due to Mexico's position as the largest manufacturer of televisions, it is known as the television capital of the world in the electronics industry.<ref name="abcnews.go.com"/>

==== Computers ====
Mexico is the third largest manufacturers of computers in the world with both domestic companies such as [[Lanix]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lanix.com|title=Lanix - Estamos Conectados|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525035032/http://www.lanix.com/|archive-date=May 25, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Texa]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texa.com.mx/computadoras.html|title=Computadoras|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=February 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213022314/http://www.texa.com.mx/computadoras.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Meebox]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.meebox.com.mx/ |title=Bienvenido &#124; Meebox.me &#124; Computadoras y Slates touch y multitouch en Guadalajara, Jalisco y Mexico |access-date=December 31, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114120610/https://www.meebox.com.mx/ |archive-date=January 14, 2012  }}</ref> Spaceit,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xataka.com.mx/componentes-de-pc/space-it-empresa-mexicana-de-accesorios-de-computo|title=Space It: Empresa mexicana de accesorios de cómputo|date=July 28, 2011|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=June 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601013622/https://www.xataka.com.mx/componentes-de-pc/space-it-empresa-mexicana-de-accesorios-de-computo|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Kyoto Electronics|Kyoto]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kyoto.mx/principal.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411063616/http://www.kyoto.mx/principal.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 11, 2010|title=Kyoto. Let the Fun Begin|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref> and foreign companies such as [[Dell]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitimes.com/systems/a20080624PB202.html |title=Foxconn switches connector production back to Taiwan, to assemble complete PCs for Dell in Mexico and China |publisher=Digitimes.com |date=June 24, 2008 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707151740/http://www.digitimes.com/systems/a20080624PB202.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news-record.com/content/2009/10/16/article/dell_petition_says_plant_production_shifting_to_mexico |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905014259/http://www.news-record.com/content/2009/10/16/article/dell_petition_says_plant_production_shifting_to_mexico |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 5, 2012 |title=Dell petition says plant production shifting to Mexico : News-Record.com : Greensboro & the Triad's most trusted source for local news and analysis |publisher=News-Record.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 }}</ref> [[Sony]], [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/globalcitizenship/environment/pdf/cert.pdf |title=Data |website=www.hp.com |access-date=September 25, 2011 |archive-date=April 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416052657/http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/globalcitizenship/environment/pdf/cert.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Acer Inc.|Acer]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CGN/is_n3395/ai_20511175/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708113310/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CGN/is_n3395/ai_20511175/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 8, 2012 |title=Acer Builds Pc Manufacturing Plant In Mexico &#124; ''Computergram International'' |publisher=Find Articles |date=April 22, 1998 |access-date=October 17, 2011 }}</ref> [[Compaq]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Flextronics-International-Ltd-Company-History.html |title=Flextronics International Ltd. – Company History |publisher=Fundinguniverse.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417152604/http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Flextronics-International-Ltd-company-History.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Samsung]] and [[Lenovo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/135099/lenovo_opens_manufacturing_plants_in_mexico_and_india.html|title=Lenovo Opens Manufacturing Plants in Mexico and India|date=July 26, 2007|work=PCWorld|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=March 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310164451/http://www.pcworld.com/article/135099/lenovo_opens_manufacturing_plants_in_mexico_and_india.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinatechnews.com/2009/02/23/8947-lenovos-mexican-computer-factory-starts-production |title=Lenovo's Mexican Computer Factory Starts Production – ChinaTechNews.com – The Technology Source for the Latest Chinese News on Internet, Computers, Digital, Science, Electronics, Law, Security, Software, Web 2.0, Telecom, and Wireless Industries |date=February 22, 2009 |publisher=ChinaTechNews.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=July 1, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701083153/http://www.chinatechnews.com/2009/02/23/8947-lenovos-mexican-computer-factory-starts-production |url-status=live }}</ref> manufacturing various types of computers across the country. Most of the computers manufactured in Mexico are from foreign companies. Mexico is Latin America's largest producer of electronics and appliances made by domestic companies.

==== OEM and ODM manufacturing ====
[[File:LANIX LED Monitor.jpg|thumb|A Lanix LT10.1 high definition LCD assembled under OEM contract by Lanix for use in a [[Sharp Corporation|Sharp]] LCD television.]]
Mexico is also home to many OEM and [[Original design manufacturer|ODM]] manufacturers, both foreign and domestic. Among them include [[Foxconn]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcb007.com/pages/zone.cgi?a=22141 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907201153/http://www.pcb007.com/pages/zone.cgi?a=22141 |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 7, 2012 |title=PCB007 Foxconn to Create 30,000 Jobs in Chihuahua Mexico |publisher=Pcb007.com |date=July 21, 2008 |access-date=October 17, 2011 }}</ref> [[Celestica]], [[Sanmina-SCI Corporation|Sanmina-SCI]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emsnow.com/newsarchives/archivedetails.cfm?ID=13296|title=Sanmina-SCI opens new enclosures facility in Guadalajara, Mexico - News Search on EMSNow|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924000308/http://www.emsnow.com/newsarchives/archivedetails.cfm?ID=13296|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://webapps2.sanmina-sci.com/SanmGlobalLocations/LocationDescription.aspx?site=Guadalajara&type=NPI{{dead link|date=September 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Jabil]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jabil.com/news/news_releases/2006/12122006.html |title=Jabil Circuit – News – News Releases 2006 |publisher=Jabil.com |date=December 12, 2006 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230034309/http://www.jabil.com/news/news_releases/2006/12122006.html |archive-date=December 30, 2010  }}</ref> [[Elcoteq]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elcoteq.com/mexico-monterrey |title=Mexico, Monterrey |publisher=Elcoteq |access-date=October 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101115045/http://www.elcoteq.com/mexico-monterrey |archive-date=November 1, 2011  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elcoteq.com/mexico-ju%C3%A1rez |title=Mexico, Juárez |publisher=Elcoteq |access-date=October 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101115058/http://www.elcoteq.com/mexico-ju%C3%A1rez |archive-date=November 1, 2011  }}</ref> [[Falco Electronics|Falco]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.falco.com/|title=Falco Electronics|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=March 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314023106/http://falco.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Kimball International]], [[Compal Electronics|Compal]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2011/07/14/2003508145 |title=Compal to buy Toshiba LCD TV plant in Mexico |work=The Taipei Times |date=October 10, 2011 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=December 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215121726/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2011/07/14/2003508145 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Benchmark Electronics]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bench.com/viewer/worldwide.asp |title=Benchmark Electronics, Inc. - Worldwide Locations |access-date=December 21, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211162943/http://www.bench.com/viewer/worldwide.asp |archive-date=December 11, 2011  }}</ref> [[Plexus Corporation|Plexus]], [[Lanix]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/lanix-integrates-paragons-drive-backup-into-pcs-notebooks-full-backup-recovery-solution-919747.htm |title=Lanix Integrates Paragon's Drive Backup Into PCs and Notebooks for Full Backup and Recovery Solution |publisher=Marketwire.com |date=November 12, 2008 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=May 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530224449/http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/lanix-integrates-paragons-drive-backup-into-pcs-notebooks-full-backup-recovery-solution-919747.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Flextronics]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://evertiq.com/news/5657 |title=Electronics Assembly – Flextronics to build a third plant in Mexico |language=sv |publisher=evertiq.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=April 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402131738/https://evertiq.com/news/5657 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bnamericas.com/news/technology/Jalisco_state_to_donate_US*3mn_towards_Flextronics_plant |title=Jalisco state to donate US$3mn towards Flextronics plant, Mexico, Info. Technology, news |publisher=Bnamericas.com |date=February 21, 2008 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713151050/http://www.bnamericas.com/news/technology/Jalisco_state_to_donate_US*3mn_towards_Flextronics_plant |archive-date=July 13, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These companies assemble finished electronics or design and manufacture electronic components on behalf of larger companies such as [[Sony]] or [[Microsoft]] using locally sourced components, for example the ODM, [[Flextronics]] manufactures Xbox video games systems in [[Guadalajara]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mod-chip.com/guides/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/How_To_Identify_Xbox_Version.pdf |title=How To Identify Your Xbox Version |access-date=October 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425061550/http://www.mod-chip.com/guides/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/How_To_Identify_Xbox_Version.pdf |archive-date=April 25, 2012  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011029/login/lens.htm|title=Tribune – Lens on IT|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805055951/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011029/login/lens.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> for [[Microsoft]] using components such as power systems and printed circuit boards from a local company, [[Falco Electronics]] which acts as the OEM.

==== Engineering and design ====
The success and rapid growth of the Mexican electronics sector are driven primarily by the relatively low cost of manufacturing and design in Mexico, its strategic position as a major consumer electronics market coupled with its proximity to both the large North American and South American markets, whom Mexico shares free trade agreements with; government support in the form of low business taxes, simplified access to loans and capital for both foreign multinational and domestic startup tech-based firms; and a very large pool of highly skilled, educated labor across all sectors of the tech industry. For example, German multinational engineering and electronics conglomerate [[Siemens Mexico|Siemens]] has a significant Mexican base, which also serves as its business and strategy hub for [[Central America]]n countries and the [[Caribbean]] region.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.industryweek.com/leadership/strategic-planning-execution/article/21957698/mexico-works-for-siemens-division-chief |title=Mexico Works for Siemens Division Chief |work=IndustryWeek |date=July 11, 2012 |access-date=November 1, 2013 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707140605/https://www.industryweek.com/strategic-planning-amp-execution/mexico-works-siemens-division-chief |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:ITESM Ciudad de México Set Dominguez.jpg|thumb|200px|The [[Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education]] is one of Mexico's most prestigious technology and engineering universities and is ranked one of the leading engineering institutions in Latin America.<ref>{{cite news |title=Recruiters' Scorecard  |url= https://www.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/MB_06_Scoreboard.pdf | work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>]]

There are almost half a million (451,000) students enrolled in electronics engineering programs<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_21/b3985070.htm |title=Mexico: Pumping Out Engineers |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date=May 22, 2006 |access-date=April 16, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418030640/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_21/b3985070.htm |archive-date=April 18, 2011  }}</ref> with an additional 114,000 electronics engineers entering the Mexican workforce each year<ref name="prnewswire.com"/> and Mexico had over half a million (580,000) certified electronic engineering professionals employed in 2007.<ref name="promexico.gob.mx"/> From the late 1990s, the Mexican electronics industry began to shift away from simple line assembly to more advanced work such as research, design, and the manufacture of advanced electronics systems such as LCD panels, semiconductors, printed circuit boards, microelectronics, microprocessors, chipsets and heavy electronic industrial equipment and in 2006 the number of certified engineers being graduated annually in Mexico surpassed that of the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_21/b3985070.htm |title=Mexico: Pumping Out Engineers |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date=May 22, 2006 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011203313/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_21/b3985070.htm |archive-date=October 11, 2011  }}</ref> Many Korean, Japanese and American appliances sold in the US are actually of Mexican design and origin but sold under the OEM's client names.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/controladora-mabe-s-a-de-c-v |title=Controladora Mabe S.A. de C.V.: Information from |publisher=Answers.com |access-date=November 4, 2009 |archive-date=December 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215123221/http://www.answers.com/topic/controladora-mabe-s-a-de-c-v |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.milbank.com/en/NewsEvents/RecentPressRel/051222.htm |title=Milbank Represents Controladora Mabe, S.A. de C.V. in its First Eurobond Issuance |publisher=Milbank.com |date=December 22, 2005 |access-date=November 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102163414/http://www.milbank.com/en/NewsEvents/RecentPressRel/051222.htm |archive-date=January 2, 2011 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> In 2008 one out of every four consumer appliances sold in the United States was of Mexican design.<ref name="allbusiness1">{{cite web |url=http://www.allbusiness.com/north-america/mexico/403485-1.html |title=Mabe: at the vanguard in household appliances. &#124; Latin America > Mexico from |publisher=AllBusiness.com |access-date=November 4, 2009 |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511134842/http://www.allbusiness.com/north-america/mexico/403485-1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Joint production ====
While many foreign companies like [[Phillips Petroleum Company|Phillips]], [[Vizio]] and [[LG]] simply install wholly owned factories in Mexico; a number of foreign companies have set up semi-independent joint venture companies with Mexican businesses to manufacture and design components in Mexico. These companies are independently operated from their foreign parent companies and are registered in Mexico. These local companies function under Mexican law and retain a sizable portion of the revenue. These companies typically function dually as in-company OEM development and design facilities and manufacturing centers and usually produce most components needed to manufacture the finished products. An example would by Sharp which has formed [[Semex]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sharp-world.com/corporate/g_topix/semex/index.html |title=Sharp Holds Opening Ceremony for Second Plant in Mexico |publisher=Sharp-world.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=October 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027163141/http://www.sharp-world.com/corporate/g_topix/semex/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Semex was founded as a joint venture between [[Sharp Corporation|Sharp]] and Mexican investors which acts as an autonomous independent company which Sharp only maintains partial control over. The company manufactures whole products such televisions and designs individual components on behalf of Sharp such as LCD modules and in return [[Semex]] is granted access to Sharp capital, technology, research capacity and branding. Notable foreign companies which have set up joint venture entities in Mexico include Samsung which formed [[Semex]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bnamericas.com/company-profile/en/Samsung_Mexicana_S,A_de_C,V-SEMEX |title=SEMEX, Samsung Mexicana S.A. de C.V, Company Profiles |publisher=Bnamericas.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505060229/http://www.bnamericas.com/company-profile/en/Samsung_Mexicana_S,A_de_C,V-SEMEX |archive-date=May 5, 2014 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> a local designer and manufacturer of finished televisions, white goods and individual electronic components like printed circuit boards, LCD panels and semiconductors,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=30963808 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605051823/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=30963808 |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 5, 2013 |title=Samsung Semiconductor Mexico, S.A. De C.V.: Private Company Information  |publisher=Investing.businessweek.com |access-date=October 17, 2011}}</ref> [[Toshiba]], who formed Toshiba de México, S.A. de C.V., an administratively autonomous subsidiary which produces electronics parts, televisions and heavy industrial equipment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://objectiveministries.org/zounds/review-you_testament.html|title=Christian Gaming Zone: The You Testament|author=Kyle Goldman|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=May 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511110945/http://objectiveministries.org/zounds/review-you_testament.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Some of these subsidiaries have grown to expand into multiple branches effectively becoming autonomous conglomerates within their own parent companies. [[Sony]] for example started operations in Mexico in 1976 with a group of Mexican investors, and founded the joint venture, Sony de Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/product-compint-0001432469-page.html |title=Sony de Mexico S.A. de C.V. &#124; Mexico, Mexico &#124; Company Profile, Research, News, Information, Contacts |publisher=Goliath.ecnext.com |access-date=October 17, 2011}}</ref> which produces LED panels, LCD modules, automotive electronics, appliances and printed circuit boards amongst other products for its Japanese parent company, [[Sony|Sony KG]]. Sony de Mexico has research facilities in [[Monterrey]] and [[Mexico City]], designs many of the Sony products manufactured in Mexico and has now expanded to create its own finance, music and entertainment subsidiaries which are Mexican registered and independent of their Japanese parent corporation.<ref>{{cite web |author=WOWCITY.com |url=http://mx.wowcity.com/ciudaddemexico/locbus2/15285755416131395794/sony-music-entertainment-m-xic.htm |title=Sony Music Entertainment (México), S.A. De C.V. – Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico |publisher=Mx.wowcity.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102210805/http://mx.wowcity.com/ciudaddemexico/locbus2/15285755416131395794/sony-music-entertainment-m-xic.htm |archive-date=November 2, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==== Domestic industry ====
[[File:LANIX W10 SLATE.jpg|thumb|[[Lanix]] W10 Ilium tablet PC.]]
Although much of Mexico's electronics industry is driven by foreign companies, Mexico also has a sizeable domestic electronics industry and a number of electronics companies including [[Mabe Mexico|Mabe]], a major appliance manufacturer and OEM which has been functioning since the nineteen fifties and has expanded into the global market, [[Meebox]], a designer and manufacturer desktop and tablet computers, solar power panels and electronics components, Texa, which manufactures computers laptops and servers, [[Falco Electronics|Falco]], a major international manufacturer of electronic components such as printed circuitboards, power systems, semiconductors, gate drives and which has production facilities in Mexico, India and China, and [[Lanix]], Mexico's largest electronics company which manufactures products such as computers, laptops, [[smartphones]], [[LED display|LED]] and [[LCD]]s, [[flash memory]], tablets, [[server (computing)|servers]], [[hard drives]], [[Random-access memory|RAM]], [[Optical drive|optical disk drives]], and [[printed circuit board|printed circuitboards]] and employs over 11,000 people in Mexico and Chile and distributes its products throughout Latin America.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lanix.com/portal/pages1.aspx?page=20 |title=Lanix Opciones Sin Limites |publisher=Lanix.com |access-date=April 16, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615185512/http://www.lanix.com/portal/pages1.aspx?page=20 |archive-date=June 15, 2011  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cesweb.org/ |title=2012 International CES, January 10–13 |publisher=Cesweb.org |access-date=April 16, 2011 |archive-date=February 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208034010/http://www.cesweb.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.serrasystems.mx/blog1.php/livepad7-el-competidor-mexicano-del-ipad2 |title=LivePad7: El competidor mexicano del iPad2 |publisher=Blog.serrasystems.mx |date=August 30, 2006 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812161323/http://blog.serrasystems.mx/blog1.php/livepad7-el-competidor-mexicano-del-ipad2 |archive-date=August 12, 2011  }}</ref> Another area being currently developed in Mexico is Robotics, Mexico's new Mexone robot has been designed with the idea that in future years develop a commercial application for such advanced robots<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elespectador.com/articulo-213355-mexico-prepara-su-robot-mexone |title=México prepara a su robot Mexone |publisher=Elespectador.Com |access-date=April 16, 2011 |archive-date=June 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607213751/http://www.elespectador.com/articulo-213355-mexico-prepara-su-robot-mexone |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Oil===
{{Further|Petroleum industry in Mexico}}

[[File:Gulf Offshore Platform.jpg|thumb|A Pemex offshore oil platform just off the coast of [[Ciudad del Carmen]].]]
Mineral resources are public property by constitution. As such, the energy sector is administered by the government with varying degrees of private investment. Mexico is the fourteenth-largest oil producer in the world, with {{convert|1,710,303|oilbbl/d}}.<ref>{{cite web|author=Energy Information Administration|title=Crude oil including lease condensate production 2020|url=https://www.eia.gov/international/rankings/world?pa=173&u=0&f=A&v=none&y=01%2F01%2F2020&ev=false|access-date=May 4, 2021|archive-date=August 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809075006/https://www.eia.gov/international/rankings/world?pa=173&u=0&f=A&v=none&y=01%2F01%2F2020&ev=false|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pemex]], the state-owned company in charge of administering research, exploration and sales of oil, is the largest company in [[Mexico]], and the second largest in Latin America after Brazil's [[Petrobras]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.poder360.com/article_detail.php?id_article=4079 |title=Top Latin America Marching to a Brazilian Beat |access-date=May 6, 2010 |author=Poder 360 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415073252/http://www.poder360.com/article_detail.php?id_article=4079 |archive-date=April 15, 2010 }}</ref> Pemex is heavily taxed of almost 62 per cent of the company's sales, a significant source of revenue for the government.<ref name="Crandall"/>

Without enough money to continue investing in finding new sources or upgrading infrastructure, and being protected constitutionally from private and foreign investment, some have predicted the company may face institutional collapse.<ref name="Crandall"/> While the oil industry is still relevant for the government's budget, its importance in GDP and exports has steadily fallen since the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mexico Business Facts|url=https://bizpages.org/countries--MX--Mexico|access-date=April 15, 2021|archive-date=August 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809075008/https://bizpages.org/countries--MX--Mexico|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1980 oil exports accounted for 61.6% of total exports; by 2000 it was only 7.3%.<ref name="Gereffi"/>

=== Energy ===
{{Further|Electricity sector in Mexico}}

Mexico's installed electricity capacity in 2008 was 58 GW. Of the installed capacity, 75% is thermal, 19% hydro, 2% nuclear and 3% renewable other than hydro.<ref name="SENER">SENER 2009</ref> The general trend in thermal generation is a decline in petroleum-based fuels and a growth in natural gas and coal. Since Mexico is a net importer of natural gas, higher levels of natural gas consumption (i.e. for power generation) will likely depend upon higher imports from either the United States or via liquefied natural gas (LNG).<ref name="EIA">[http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Mexico/Background.html EIA] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060309021853/http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Mexico/Background.html |date=March 9, 2006 }}</ref>

===Manufacturing===
{{Further|Manufacturing in Mexico}}
[[File:Maquiladora.JPG|thumb|300 px| A [[maquiladora]] assembly plant in Mexico.]]

Manufacturing in Mexico grew rapidly in the late 1960s with the end of the US farm labor agreement known as the [[bracero program]]. This sent many farm laborers back into the Northern border region with no source of income. As a result, the US and Mexican governments agreed to The Border Industrialization Program, which permitted US companies to assemble products in Mexico using raw materials and components from the US with reduced duties. The Border Industrialization Program became known popularly as The Maquiladora Program or shortened to The Maquila Program.

Over the years, simple assembly operations in Mexico have evolved into complex manufacturing operations including televisions, automobiles, industrial and personal products. While inexpensive commodity manufacturing has flown to China, Mexico attracts U.S. manufacturers that need low-cost solutions near-by for higher value end products and just-in-time components.

====Automobiles====
{{Further|Automotive industry in Mexico}}
[[File:Mastretta-MXT-lg.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Mastretta]]-MXT-lg a lightweight and agile two-seat sports car, notable for its sleek design and performance capabilities.]]
The automotive sector accounts for 17.6% of Mexico's manufacturing sector. [[General Motors]], [[Chrysler]], [[Ford Motor Company]], [[Nissan]], [[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles|Fiat]], [[Renault]], [[Honda]], [[Toyota]], and [[Volkswagen]] produce 2.8 million vehicles annually at 20 plants across the country, mostly in [[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]].<ref name="AutosMexico">{{cite news|title=Mexico Automotive Industry|url=http://export.gov/mexico/leadingindustrysectors/eg_mx_042754.asp|date=August 27, 2014|access-date=August 28, 2014|publisher=export.gov|archive-date=October 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016010845/http://export.gov/mexico/leadingindustrysectors/eg_mx_042754.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mexico manufactures more automobiles of 
any North American nation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.upi.com/Business_News/2008/12/11/Mexico_tops_US_Canadian_car_makers/UPI-17741229011704/ |title=Mexico tops U.S., Canadian car makers |publisher=Upi.com |date=December 11, 2008 |access-date=May 30, 2010 |archive-date=August 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831183233/https://www.upi.com/Business_News/2008/12/11/Mexico_tops_US_Canadian_car_makers/UPI-17741229011704/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The industry produces technologically complex components and engages in research and development.<ref name="Gereffi"/>

The "Big Three" ([[General Motors]], [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] and [[Chrysler]]) have been operating in Mexico since the 1930s, while [[Volkswagen]] and [[Nissan]] built their plants in the 1960s.<ref name="Hufbauer Auto"/> In Puebla 70 industrial part-makers cluster around Volkswagen.<ref name="Gereffi"/> In the 2010s expansion of the sector was surging. In 2014 more than $10 billion in investment was committed in the first few months of the year. [[Kia Motors]] in August 2014 announced plans for a $1 billion factory in [[Nuevo León]]. At the time [[Mercedes-Benz]] and [[Nissan]] were already building a $1.4 billion plant near Aguascalientes, while [[BMW]] was planning a $1-billion assembly plant in [[San Luis Potosí]]. Additionally, [[Audi]] began building a $1.3 billion factory at [[San José Chiapa]] near Puebla in 2013.<ref name="KiaMexico">{{cite news|title=Automaker Kia plans $1 bn assembly plant in Mexico|url=http://www.mexiconews.net/index.php/sid/225153337|date=August 28, 2014|access-date=August 28, 2014|publisher=Mexico News.Net|archive-date=September 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903092239/http://www.mexiconews.net/index.php/sid/225153337|url-status=dead}}</ref>