Editing Eastern philosophy (section)

===Modern Indian philosophy===
[[File:Swami_Vivekananda_at_Parliament_of_Religions.jpg|thumb|From left to right: [[Virchand Gandhi]], [[Anagarika Dharmapala]], [[Swami Vivekananda]], [[G. Bonet Maury]]. [[Parliament of the World's Religions|Parliament of World Religions]], 1893]]
In response to [[colonialism]] and their contact with [[Western philosophy]], 19th-century Indians developed new ways of thinking now termed [[Neo-Vedanta]] and Hindu modernism. Their ideas focused on the universality of Indian philosophy (particularly Vedanta) and the unity of different religions. It was during this period that Hindu modernists presented a single idealized and united "[[Hinduism]]." exemplified by the philosophy of [[Advaita Vedanta]].<ref>Yelle, Robert A. (2012), "Comparative Religion as Cultural Combat: Occidentalism and Relativism in Rajiv Malhotra's Being Different", International Journal of Hindu Studies, 16 (3): 335–348, {{doi|10.1007/s11407-012-9133-z}}</ref> They were also influenced by Western ideas.<ref>Halbfass, Wilhelm (2007a), "Research and reflection: Responses to my respondents. III. Issues of comparative philosophy (pp. 297–314)", in Franco, Eli; Preisendanz, Karin, Beyond Orientalism: the work of Wilhelm Halbfass and its impact on Indian and cross-cultural studies (1st Indian ed.), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, {{ISBN|81-208-3110-1}}</ref> The first of these movements was that of the [[Brahmo Samaj]] of [[Ram Mohan Roy]] (1772–1833).<ref>Michelis, Elizabeth De (2005), A History of Modern Yoga: Patanjali and Western Esotericism, Continuum, {{ISBN|978-0-8264-8772-8}}</ref> [[Swami Vivekananda]] (1863–1902) was very influential in developing the [[Hindu reform movements]] and in bringing the worldview to the West.<ref>Georg, Feuerstein (2002), The Yoga Tradition, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass</ref> Through the work of Indians like Vivekananda as well as westerners such as the proponents of the [[Theosophical Society|Theosophical society]], modern Hindu thought also influenced western culture.<ref>Renard, Philip (2010), Non-Dualisme. pp. 185–188. De directe bevrijdingsweg, Cothen: Uitgeverij Juwelenschip</ref>

{{See also|Hinduism in the West}}

The political thought of [[Hindu nationalism]] is also another important current in modern Indian thought. The work of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[Deendayal Upadhyaya]], [[Rabindranath Tagore]], [[Sri Aurobindo|Aurobindo]], [[Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya]], and [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] has had a large impact on modern Indian philosophy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schneider |first1=Herbert Wallace |title=Modern Indian Thought (review) |journal=Journal of the History of Philosophy |date=1966 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=88 |id={{Project MUSE|229758}} |doi=10.1353/hph.2008.1443 |s2cid=143889851 }}</ref>

[[Jainism]] also had its modern interpreters and defenders, such as [[Virchand Gandhi]], [[Champat Rai Jain]], and [[Shrimad Rajchandra]] (well known as a spiritual guide of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]).