Editing Dative case (section)

==Non-Indo-European languages==

===Hungarian===
As with many other languages, the dative case is used in [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] to show the indirect object of a verb. For example, '''''Dánielnek''' adtam ezt a könyvet'' (I gave this book '''to Dániel'''). It has two suffixes, ''-nak'' and ''-nek''; the correct one is selected by [[vowel harmony]]. The personal dative pronouns follow the ''-nek'' version:  ''nekem'', ''neked'', etc. This case is also used to express "for" in certain circumstances, such as "I bought a gift for Mother". In possessive constructions the nak/nek endings are also used but this is not the dative form (rather, the [[Hungarian noun phrase#Possessive construction with 2 nouns|attributive or possessive case]])<ref>[[Ignatius Singer]], 'Simplified Grammar of the Hungarian Language', 1882.</ref>

===Finnish===

[[Finnish language|Finnish]] does not have a separate dative case. However, the [[allative]] case can fulfill essentially the same role as dative, beyond its primary meaning of directional movement (that is, going somewhere or approaching someone). For example: ''He lahjoittivat kaikki rahansa '''köyhille''' (They donated all their money '''to the poor'''.)'' It is similar in Estonian''.''
===Tsez===
In the Northeast Caucasian languages, such as [[Tsez language|Tsez]], the dative also takes the functions of the [[lative case]] in marking the direction of an action. By some linguists, they are still regarded as two separate cases in those languages, although the suffixes are exactly the same for both cases. Other linguists list them separately only for the purpose of separating syntactic cases from locative cases. An example with the ditransitive verb "show" (literally: "make see") is given below:

{{fs interlinear|indent=3|glossing=link
|Кидбā ужихъор кIетIу биквархо.
|kidb-ā uži-qo-r kʼetʼu b-ikʷa-r-xo
|girl:OBL-ERG boy-POSS-DAT/LAT cat:[III]:ABS III-see-CAUS-PRES
|"The girl shows the cat to the boy."}}

The dative/lative is also used to indicate possession, as in the example below, because there is no such verb as "to have".

{{fs interlinear|indent=3|glossing=link
|Кидбехъор кIетIу зовси.
|kidbe-qo-r kʼetʼu zow-si
|girl:OBL-POSS-DAT/LAT cat:ABS be:PST-PST
|"The girl had a cat."}}

As in the examples above, the dative/lative case usually occurs in combination with another suffix as poss-lative case; this should not be regarded as a separate case, however, as many of the locative cases in Tsez are constructed analytically; hence, they are, in fact, a combination of two case suffixes. See [[Tsez language#Locative case suffixes]] for further details.

Verbs of perception or emotion (like "see", "know", "love", "want") also require the logical subject to stand in the dative/lative case.  In this example the "pure" dative/lative without its POSS-suffix is used.

{{fs interlinear|indent=3|glossing=link
|ГIалир ПатIи йетих.
|ʻAli-r Patʼi y-eti-x
|Ali-DAT/LAT Fatima:[II]:ABS II-love-PRES
|"Ali loves Fatima."}}

=== Turkish ===
The [[Turkish grammar#Nouns|dative case]] (''yönelme durumu'') in the [[Turkish language]] is formed by adding the <nowiki>''</nowiki>-e" or "-a<nowiki>''</nowiki> [[suffix]]es to the end of the noun, in accordance with the effected noun's [[Turkish phonology#Vowel harmony|vowel harmony]]. The word that should be in the dative case can be found as an answer to the questions 'neye?' (to what?), 'kime?' (to whom?) and 'nereye?' (to where?) will lead to find a dative case in a sentence.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sarıca|first=Bedri|date=2006|title=Problem of the Confusion of the Case Endings, Dative and Accusative in Turkish|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/50613694.pdf|journal=ILMi ARAŞTIRMALAR|volume=22|pages=205–218|access-date=2019-11-08|archive-date=2019-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108142827/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/50613694.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> There are many different uses for the dative case.

The dative also is for objects, usually indirect objects, but sometimes objects that in English would be considered direct:

{{interlinear|indent=3
|Güneşin batışı'''na''' bak.
|sun's at-its-sinking look
|"Look at the sunset."}}

The dative case tells ''whither'', that is, the place ''to which''.  Thus it has roughly the meaning of the English prepositions "to" and "into", and also "in" when it can be replaced with "into":

{{interlinear|indent=3
|Birayı buzdolabı'''na''' koy.
|the-beer into-icebox put
|"Put the beer in(to) the fridge."}}