Editing Culture war (section)

===Europe===
{{See also|"Polish death camp" controversy|Language policy in Ukraine|LGBT-free zone|Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova}}

Several politicians, such as Poland's [[Law and Justice]] party,<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Rohac |first1=Dalibor |last2=Kokonos |first2=Lance |date=November 2, 2020 |title=Poland's Culture Wars |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/02/poland-hungary-culture-wars-abortion-russia/ |magazine=Foreign Policy |access-date=November 4, 2020 |archive-date=April 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407154316/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/02/poland-hungary-culture-wars-abortion-russia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Hungary's [[Viktor Orbán]], Serbia's [[Aleksandar Vučić]], and Slovenia's [[Janez Janša]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Kakissis |first=Joanna |title=Slovenian Prime Minister Cheers Trump 'Triumph' Despite Untallied Votes |url=https://apps.npr.org/liveblogs/20201103-election/#slovenian-prime-minister-cheers-trump-328 |work=NPR |location=Athens, Greece |date=November 4, 2020 |access-date=November 4, 2020 |archive-date=November 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104000755/https://apps.npr.org/liveblogs/20201103-election/#slovenian-prime-minister-cheers-trump-328 |url-status=live }}</ref> have been accused of fomenting culture wars in their respective countries by encouraging dissent, resistance to LGBT rights, and restrictions on abortion. One facet of the controversy in Poland is the removal of [[Soviet War Memorials]], which is divisive because some Poles viewed the memorials positively as commemorations of their ancestors who died during [[World War II]], while others felt negatively due to the oppression that some Poles experienced under the Soviet-backed [[Polish People's Republic]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Poland plans to tear down hundreds of Soviet memorials |url=https://www.dw.com/en/poland-plans-to-tear-down-hundreds-of-soviet-memorials/a-19185159 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=13 April 2016 |access-date=October 31, 2021 |archive-date=March 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326170823/https://www.dw.com/en/poland-plans-to-tear-down-hundreds-of-soviet-memorials/a-19185159 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Then And Now: Soviet Monuments Disappear Across Poland |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/then-and-now-photos-show-soviet-monuments-disappearing-in-poland-after-decommunization-law/30905305.html |work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=23 October 2020 |access-date=October 31, 2021 |archive-date=March 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330064935/https://www.rferl.org/a/then-and-now-photos-show-soviet-monuments-disappearing-in-poland-after-decommunization-law/30905305.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Culture war in Hungary is alleged by [[Kim Scheppele]] to be a disguise for [[democratic backsliding]] by Orbán.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Here's why American conservatives are heading to Hungary for a big conference |language=en |work=NPR.org |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/05/18/1099680587/a-prominent-conference-of-american-conservatives-is-taking-place-in-hungary |access-date=2022-05-19 |archive-date=May 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519173042/https://www.npr.org/2022/05/18/1099680587/a-prominent-conference-of-american-conservatives-is-taking-place-in-hungary |url-status=live }}</ref> Ukraine also experienced a decades-long culture war pitting the eastern, predominately Russian-speaking, regions against the western Ukrainian-speaking areas of the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine's Culture War |url=https://nationalinterest.org/commentary/ukraines-culture-war-9838 |work=The National Interest |date=7 February 2014 |access-date=October 31, 2021 |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022235721/https://nationalinterest.org/commentary/ukraines-culture-war-9838 |url-status=live }}</ref> LGBT rights are controversial in Poland, as exemplified by President [[Andrzej Duda]]'s vow in 2020 to oppose both [[same-sex marriage]] and [[LGBT adoption]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Polish President Calls 'LGBT Ideology' More Harmful Than Communism|url=https://time.com/5853277/andrzej-duda-lgbt-ideology-communism/|access-date=2020-06-14|magazine=Time|language=en|archive-date=June 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613203428/https://time.com/5853277/andrzej-duda-lgbt-ideology-communism/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Polish election: Andrzej Duda says LGBT 'ideology' worse than communism |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53039864 |publisher=BBC News |date=14 June 2020 |access-date=October 31, 2021 |archive-date=October 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031095804/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53039864 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Different interpretations of bitter events during [[World War II]] have become especially contentious in Poland since 2015, shortly after the start of the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]].<ref name=carnegie>{{Cite web | url=https://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/75029 | title=The Polish-Ukrainian Battle for the Past}}, Carnegie Europe</ref> One disputed issue is whether Poland bears any [[responsibility for the Holocaust|responsibility]] for [[The Holocaust in Poland|the Holocaust]], or whether Poland was entirely a victim of [[Nazi Germany]]. This dispute is embodied by the "[["Polish death camp" controversy|Polish death camp]]" controversy (involving [[concentration camp]]s that had been built by [[Nazi Germany]] during [[World War II]] on German-occupied Polish soil) and an attempt to address that controversy with a now [[Amendment to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance|partly repealed law]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hackmann |first1=Jörg |title=Defending the "Good Name" of the Polish Nation: Politics of History as a Battlefield in Poland, 2015–18 |journal=Journal of Genocide Research |date=2018 |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=587–606 |doi=10.1080/14623528.2018.1528742|s2cid=81922100 }}</ref> A second issue, also addressed by the partly repealed law, revolves around [[Poland–Ukraine relations]]. In the region, in passing a law to criminalize negative interpretations of the country's collaborationist nationalist movements during World War II, Poland is not alone,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Katz |first1=Dovid |title=Poland's New Holocaust Law Is Bad, But Not the Worst |url=https://jewishcurrents.org/poland-s-new-holocaust-is-bad-but-not-the-worst/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |work=Jewish Currents |date=25 April 2018}}</ref> and [[Poland–Ukraine relations]] have suffered as a result of a [[Ukrainian decommunization laws|similar law]] in Ukraine that was criticized in Poland for deflecting blame away from the [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]] and their [[massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tvp.info/19594670/mowie-upa-odpowiada-za-ludobojstwo-polakow-ukraincy-scigajcie-mnie|title="Mówię: UPA odpowiada za ludobójstwo Polaków. Ukraińcy, ścigajcie mnie!"|access-date=2018-03-06|language=pl}}</ref>