Editing Cruise missile (section)

====Russia====
{{see also|Russia and weapons of mass destruction}}
[[File:3M-54E1.jpg|thumb|Export variant of the [[3M-54 Kalibr|Kalibr]] missile]]
Russia has [[Raduga Kh-55|Kh-55SM]] cruise missiles, with a range similar to the United States' [[AGM-129 ACM|AGM-129]] range of 3000&nbsp;km, but are able to carry a more powerful warhead of 200&nbsp;kt. They are equipped with a [[TERCOM]] system which allows them to cruise at an altitude lower than 110 meters at subsonic speeds while obtaining a [[Circular error probable|CEP]] accuracy of 15 meters with an [[inertial navigation system]]. They are air-launched from either [[Tupolev Tu-95]]s, [[Tupolev Tu-22M]]s, or [[Tupolev Tu-160]]s, each able to carry 16 for the Tu-95, 12 for the Tu-160, and 4 for the Tu-22M. A [[Stealth technology|stealth]] version of the missile, the Kh-101 is in development. It has similar qualities as the Kh-55, except that its range has been extended to 5,000&nbsp;km, is equipped with a 1,000&nbsp;kg conventional warhead, and has stealth features which reduce its probability of intercept.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kh-101 – Russian and Soviet Nuclear Forces |url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/bomber/kh-101.htm |publisher=Fas.org |access-date=13 February 2012}}</ref>

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the most recent cruise missile developed was the [[3M-54 Kalibr|Kalibr missile]] which entered production in the early 1990s and was officially inducted into the Russian arsenal in 1994. However, it only saw its combat debut on 7 October 2015, in [[Syria]] as a part of the [[Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War|Russian military campaign in Syria]]. The missile has been used 14 more times in combat operations in Syria since its debut.

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the Soviet Union was attempting to develop cruise missiles. In this short time frame, the Soviet Union was working on nearly ten different types of cruise missiles. However, due to resources, most of the initial types of cruise missiles developed by the Soviet Union were Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles or Submarine-Launched Cruise Missiles ([[Submarine-launched cruise missile|SLCMs]]). The [[KSShch|SS-N-1]] cruise missile was developed to have different configurations to be fired from a submarine or a ship. However, as time progressed, the Soviet Union began to work on air-launched cruise missiles as well ([[Air-launched cruise missile|ALCM]]). These ACLM missiles were typically delivered via bombers designated as "Blinders" or "Backfire". The missiles in this configuration were called the AS-1, and AS-2 with eventual new variants with more development time. The main purpose of Soviet-based cruise missiles was to have defense and offensive mechanisms against enemy ships; in other words, most of the Soviet cruise missiles were anti-ship missiles. In the 1980s the Soviet Union had developed an arsenal of cruise missiles nearing 600 platforms which consisted of land, sea, and air delivery systems.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Arkin|first=William|date=May 1983|title=Soviet Cruise Missile Programs|journal=Arms Control Today|volume=13|issue=4|pages=3–4|jstor=23623103}}</ref>